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TO – BE (ser – estar) X DO - VERBS

PRESENT PAST PAST PRESENT TENSE 2 PAST 1 PAST PARTICIPLE
TENSE TENSE PARTICIPLE
I study I I have gone
YOU You have eaten
AM - IS – ARE WAS – WERE BEEN YOU study 1. V.S.F. HE
I am I was I have been He has drunk
You are You were He has been HE studies SHE 1
studied She has forgotten
I had been 2. V+ 3rd P.S. IT brought It has flown
He is He was SHE studies
WE We have spoken
She is She was IT studies YOU You have driven
It is It was THEY They have written
We are We were WE study PRESENT
You are You were YOU study 1. V.S.F. PERFECT
They are They were THEY study

8 Modal Auxiliary Verbs

can
could
may
might
must
should
would
will

PROGRESSIVE OR CONTINUOUS FORMS

I am studying.
I was studying.
I have been studying.
I had been studying.

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 TO - BE TO - BE TO - BE
PRESENT TENSE PAST TENSE PAST PARTICIPLE

SUBJECT VERB SUBJECT VERB SUBJECT AUXILIARY PARTICIPLE

HABER VERB
I am I WAS I have BEEN
YOU are YOU were YOU have BEEN
HE is HE WAS HE HAS BEEN
SHE is SHE WAS SHE HAS BEEN
IT is IT WAS IT HAS BEEN
WE are WE were WE have BEEN
YOU are YOU were YOU have BEEN
THEY are THEY were THEY have BEEN
PRESENT PERFECT

PERSONAL PRONOUNS
I First Person Singular
YOU Second Person Singular Adjectives
SINGULAR HE don’t have a
SHE Third Person Singular plural form
IT in English.
WE First Person Plural
PLURAL YOU Second Person Plural
THEY Third Person Plural

TO – BE (ser o estar)
PRESENT TENSE
I am Yo soy, yo estoy
YOU are Tú eres, tú estás
HE is Él es, él está
SHE is Ella es, ella está
IT is Eso es, eso está
WE are Nosotros somos, nosotros estamos
YOU are Ustedes son, ustedes están
THEY are Ellos, ellas, esos son; ellos, ellas, esos están.

TO – BE (ser o estar)
PAST TENSE
I WAS Yo fui o yo era; yo estuve o yo estaba
YOU were Tú fuiste o tú eras; tú estuviste o tú estabas
HE WAS Él fue o él era; él estuvo o él estaba
SHE WAS Ella fue o ella era; ella estuvo o ella estaba
IT WAS Eso fue o eso era; eso estuvo o eso estaba
WE were Nosotros fuimos o éramos; nosotros estuvimos o estábamos
YOU were Ustedes fueron o eran; ustedes estuvieron o estaban
THEY were Ellos, ellas, esos fueron o eran; ellos, ellas, esos estuvieron o estaban.

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I am an excellent student. They are in the library.
I was an excellent student. They were in the library.

He is my neighbor. We are at the bookstore.

He was my neighbor. We were at the bookstore.
You are my best friend. She is at work.
You were my best friend. She was at work.

AUXILIARY
SUBJECT PARTICIPLE VERB
HABER
Yo he estudiado
Tú has venido
Nosotros hemos sido (been)
Ellos han estado (been)
PRESENT PERFECT

AUXILIARY
SUBJECT PARTICIPLE VERB
HABER
Yo había estudiado
Tú habías venido
Nosotros habíamos sido (been)
Ellos habían estado (been)
PAST PERFECT

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 SUBJECT AUXILIARY PARTICIPLE
COMPLEMENT.
HABER VERB
I have GONE to Atacames 3 times.
YOU have EATEN shrimp.
HE has DRUNK beer.
SHE has FORGOTTEN
IT has FLOWN
WE have SPOKEN
YOU have DRIVEN
THEY have WRITTEN to – so - cho is Learning
PRESENT PERFECT
English
necessary nowadays?
is He
SUBJECT AUXILIARY PARTICIPLE
COMPLEMENT.
HABER VERB learning
I had GONE to Atacames 3 times.
YOU had EATEN shrimp.
HE had DRUNK beer.
SHE had FORGOTTEN
IT had FLOWN
WE had SPOKEN
YOU had DRIVEN
THEY had WRITTEN
PAST PERFECT

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 TO – BE (SER O ESTAR)
PAST PARTICIPLE
AUXILIARY PARTICIPLE
HABER VERB
I have BEEN Yo he sido, yo he estado.
YOU have BEEN Tú has sido, tú has estado.
HE HAS BEEN Él ha sido, él ha estado.
SHE HAS BEEN Ella ha sido, ella ha estado
IT HAS BEEN Eso ha sido, eso ha estado
WE have BEEN Nosotros hemos sido, nosotros hemos estado.
YOU have BEEN Ustedes han sido, ustedes han estado
THEY have BEEN Ellos, ellas, esos han sido; ellos, ellas, esos han estado.
PRESENT PERFECT

TO – BE (SER O ESTAR)
PAST PARTICIPLE
AUXILIARY PARTICIPLE
HABER VERB
I had BEEN Yo había sido, yo había estado.
YOU had BEEN Tú habías sido, tú habías estado.
HE had BEEN Él había sido, él había estado.
SHE had BEEN Ella había sido, ella había estado
IT had BEEN Eso había sido, eso había estado
WE had BEEN Nosotros habíamos sido, nosotros habíamos estado.
YOU had BEEN Ustedes habían sido, ustedes habían estado
THEY had BEEN Ellos, ellas, esos habían sido;
ellos, ellas, esos habían estado.
PAST PERFECT

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 SUBJECT MAIN VERB: TENER + NOUN AS A
COMPLEMENT.
I have a laptop.
HE has a pet.
THEY had a flat tire.

SUBJECT MAIN VERB: TENER + NOUN AS A

COMPLEMENT.
I don’t have a laptop.
HE doesn’t have a pet.
THEY didn’t have a flat tire.

V.S.F.
don’t have
doesn’t have VERB TENER + NOUN
didn’t have

SUBJECT AUXILIARY PARTICIPLE

COMPLEMENT.
HABER VERB
I haven’t GONE To Atacames 3 times.
Yo no he ido
YOU haven’t EATEN shrimp.
HE hasn’t DRUNK beer.
SHE hasn’t FORGOTTEN
IT hasn’t FLOWN
WE haven’t SPOKEN
YOU haven’t DRIVEN
THEY haven’t WRITTEN
PRESENT PERFECT

SUBJECT AUXILIARY PARTICIPLE

COMPLEMENT.
HABER VERB
I hadn’t GONE To Atacames 3 times.
Yo no había ido
YOU hadn’t EATEN shrimp.
HE hadn’t DRUNK beer.
SHE hadn’t FORGOTTEN
IT hadn’t FLOWN
WE hadn’t SPOKEN
YOU hadn’t DRIVEN
THEY hadn’t WRITTEN
PAST PERFECT

have(n’t)
has(n’t) = AUXILIARY HABER + VERB IN THE PAST PARTICIPLE
had(n’t)

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HAVE, HAS AND HAD AS AUXILIARIES “HABER” +V. participle

HAVE, HAS AND HAD AS VERBS “Tener” + a noun

Exercise:

I have some video games. (+)

I don’t have any video games. ( - )

Noun

I have a lot of acquaintances.

I don’t have many acquaintances.

He has a lot of money. (+)

He doesn’t have much money. (-)

Noun

They had trouble with their old car, so they had bought a brand new car.

They didn’t haVE trouble with their old car, so they

hadn’t bought a brand new car.

V. Participle

NOUN

She has a bad headache, so she has gone to the doctor’s office.

She doesn’t have a bad headache, so she hasn’t gone to the doctor’s
office.

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 DO - VERBS
PRESENT TENSE
I study
YOU study 1. Verb in the Simple Form
HE
SHE
studies
studies 2. V+3rd P.S.= s / es / ies
IT studies

WE
YOU
study
study 1. Verb in the Simple Form
THEY study

DO - VERBS
PAST TENSE
I
YOU
HE

1
SHE studied
IT brought
WE
YOU
THEY

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 DO - VERBS
PRESENT TENSE
I do my homework.
YOU do your homework. 1. V.S.F.
HE does his homework.
SHE
IT
does her homework.
does its homework.
2. V+3rd P.S= S/ es/ ies
WE do our homework.
YOU do your homework.
THEY do their homework.
1. V.S.F.

DO - VERBS
PRESENT TENSE
I DON’T do my homework.
YOU DON’T do your homework. 1. V.S.F.
HE DOESN’T do his homework.
SHE DOESN’T do her homework.
IT DOESN’T do its homework.
2. V+3rd P.S= S/ es/ ies
WE DON’T do our homework.
YOU DON’T do your homework.
THEY DON’T do their homework.
1. V.S.F.

Present tense Past tense

The book costs $25. The book cost $25.

She hits her head. She hit her head.

I hit my head (every day) I hit my head (yesterday)

He cuts his finger. He cut his finger.

They cut their fingers very often. They cut their fingers last night.

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 6
TO – BE (ser – estar) X DO - VERBS

PRESENT PAST PAST

TENSE TENSE PARTICIPLE
CLIMB
READ
DANCE
GO
DRY
ENJOY
KISS
WASH
WATCH
FIX
AM - IS - ARE WAS - WERE BEEN STUDY

PROGRESSIVE OR CONTINUOUS FORMS

I am studying.

Present Progressive or Continuous.

I was studying.

Past Progressive or Continuous.

I have been studying.

Present Perfect Progressive or Continuous.

I had been studying.

Past Perfect Progressive or Continuous.

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I swim. I can swim.

He swims. He can swim.

He could swim.
He may swim.
He might swim.
He must swim.
He should swim.
He would swim.
He will swim.

MODAL + VERB IN THE SIMPLE FORM

I swim. I can swim.

You swim. You can swim
He swims. He can swim.
She swims. She can swim.
It swims. It can swim.
We swim. We can swim.
You swim. You can swim.
They swim. They can swim.

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