General tolerances for linear and angular

-
dimensions and geometrical tolerances
(not to be used for new desiansl 7168
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ _ _ _

II Ailgemeintoieranzen: Längen- und Winkelmaße, Form und Lage

(nicht f i r Neukonstruktionen)
Supersedes May1981
edition of DIN 7168
Part 1 and July 1986
edition of DIN-7168
Part 2.

This standardis not to be used new

for designs. General tolerances for these now
are covered byI S 0 2768 Parts 1 and 2.
See also clause 1 and the Explanatory notes.

in keeping with current practicein standards published by the international Organization for Standardization
(iS0). a
comma has been usedthroughout as the decimal marker.

1 ScoDe tolerances
General as specified in this
apply
standard for:
lineardimensions,such as externalsizes,internal
Thisstandardisintended lo ensurethat aildrawings sizes, Step sizes. diameters. clearances (cf. table 1).
prepared to date in which general tolerances have been external radii and chamfer heights for broken edges (cf.
specified on the basis of DIN 7168 will remain intelligible table 2):
and be interpreted correctly, and ais0 to informthe user of
angular dimensions (cf. table 3). both those indicated
this standardthat, for allnew designs, tolerances areto be
and those not usuallyindicated on drawings, such90" as
specified on the basisof I S 0 2768 Parts 1 and 2.
angles or the angles of regular polygons;
c) linear and angular dimensions produced by machining
2 Field of application assembled parts:
d) workpiece featuresfor which no individual tolerancesof
Generaltolerances as specifiedin thisstandard are form and position are indicated.
applicable for the dimensions of parts produced by metal
removal (i.e. chip removal)'). unless this involves special
General tolerances as Specified in this standard do not
manufacturing processes for which other standards speci-
apply for:
fying general tolerances apply.
a) linear and angular dimensions and workpiece features
Generaltolerances as specifiedhereshallapplywhen for which tolerances have been individually indicated:
reference is made to this standard in drawings or asso-
b) linear and angular dimensions and workpiece features
ciated documents (e.g. delivery conditions) in accordance
for which other standards on general tolerances are
with clause 5.
specified in drawings or associated documents:
If special general tolerances are specified in accordance
c) auxiliary dimensions enclosed in brackets (cf. DIN406
with otherstandards (cf. page 6). the standards concerned
Part 2):
shallbeindicatedonthedrawingor in theassociated
documents. if, in cases where production specifications d) theoretically exact dimensions enclosed in rectangular
contain references to more than one standard on general frames as specified in I S 0 1101;
tolerances, there is any doubt as to which standard is to e) angular dimensions on circular graduations;
apply for a given linear or angular dimension. then the f ) 90° angles, not indicated on the drawing. between lines
standard specifying the iarger tolerance shall bedeemed forming coordinate axes;
to apply. g) linear and angular dimensions producedby the assem-
Accordingly, a dimension between an unfinished and a bly of parts;
finished surface on a blank (e.g. on a casting blank or h) workpiece features which are not produced by removal
forging blank). for which no individual tolerance has been of material, in accordance with the indication of a semi-
indicated, will be required to meet the general tolerance finished product on drawings.
given in the relevant standard on blanks. provided that.is
indeed the iarger tolerance, However, tor a dimension
between twofinishedsurfaces, thegeneraltolerance
specified in DIN 7168 shall always apply.
Productionspecificationsin which linearorangulardimen-
sions (butnot auxiliary dimensions) appear without individ-
uailyindicatedtolerances.shall beconsidered incompleteif
there is no reference, or inadequate reference, to general ') For concepts relating to manufacturing processes, see
tolerances. DIN 8580.

Continued on pages 2 to 7

I right of sale for German Standards (DIN-Normen).

Beuth Verlag GmbH. Berlin, has the BXCIUEIY~ DIN 7168 Eng!. Price grouc

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Page 2 DIN 7168

3 General tolerances for linear and angular dimensions

3.1 Linear dimensions
Table 1. Permissible deviations for lineardimensions, except for external radii and chamfer heighls

Permissible deviations, in mm. for nominal sizes. in mm,

Tolerance over over over

overfrom
over over over over over over ov
class 0,5') 3 6 30 120 400 1000 2000 4000 8000 12000 16000
to up to upto upto upto up to up to upto upto up to upto up to
3 6 30 120 400 1000 2000 4000 8000 12000 16000 20000

f (fine) f O , O 5 +0,05 i0,l f0.15 f0.2 f0,3 fO,8 -

fO,5 - -
m (medium) f0,i &Oi fO,2
, +0,3 kO.5 f0,8 +1,2 f2 f3 + 4 f 5 f 6

g (coarse) *0,15 *0,2 f0.5 00,8 f1,2 f 2 f3 ?4 f5 f 6 f 7 2 8

sg(verycoarse)
- fO,5 +l +1,5 +2 +3 f4 f6 -1.8 f10 +l2 *l2
For nominal sizes below 0.5 mm, the deviations shall be indicated adjacentto the relevant nominal size.

Table 2. Permissible devialions lor external radii, r Table 3. Permissible deviations lor angular dimensions
(cf. ligure 1 lor example), and chamferheights, h ~

(cf. figure 2 for example) Permissible deviations, in

units of angle, for nominal
Permissible deviations, in mm. sizes of the shorter leg, inmm.
for nominal sizes, in mm, Tolerance
class over over over
Tolerance from over over over over over 10 50 120 Over

- - -I+Io
class 0.5') 3 6 30 120 10 upto 400
upto upto
to up to up to u p t o up to 50 120 400
3 6 30 120 400 I

fm(fine) (medium) ~ ~ ~ o ~ ~ + z o * ~ ~
I I I , (coarse)
g k l " 3 0 ' f 5 0 ' f 2 5 ' f 1 5 ' flO'

l) For nominal sizes below 0.5 mm. the deviations shall
be indicated adjacent to the relevant nominal size.
Figure 1. Figure 2
3.2 Angular dimensions
General toierancesforangulardimensionsapplyirrespec-
live of the actual dimensions of the lengths. i.e.
the angular
deviations may occur both on workpieceswith maximum-
material sizes and on workpieces with minimum-material
sizes. The upper and lower deviations do notlimit the form
deviations of the legs or surfaces forming the angle.
Note. In the case of workpieces exhibiting deviations of
form, the angle is defined by the direction of the
straightlinesorplanesappliedlothetwoanglelegs
under the minimum material
conditions (cf.
Is0 1101 for the definition of the minimum condi-
tionl.
4 General geometrical tolerances
4.1 Tolerancing principle as specified in I S 0 8015
Generaltolerancesbasedon the toierancingprinciple
specified in IS08015 are only to beapplied whenthe
drawing concerned contains the reference 'Tolerancing to
is0 8015'. Where that is thecase, the general geometrical
tolerances (i.e. the tolerances of form and position) apply
independently of the actual local sizes of the workpiece
feature. Each individualtolerancerequirementmustbe
met. The general geometrical tolerancesmay thus also be
appliedevenif the featuresareeverywhere at their
maximum materialsize. For fits, the envelope requirement
must alsobespecified,andthisshallbeindividually
indicated on the drawings(cf. Explanatory notes).
4.j.1 General tolerances of form
4.1.1.1 Straightnessandflatness
The general tolerances on straightness and flatness shall
be as specified in table 4. Tolerances on straightness shall
be selected from the tableon the basis of the length of the
corresponding line, while, for flatness tolerances, seiec-
tionshallbe based on thelongeriaterailength ofthe
surface, or on the diameterof the circular surface.
4.1.1.2 Circularity
The general tolerance on circularity shall be equal to the
numerical value of the diameter tolerance, but in no case
shall it be greater than the respective tolerance on radial
run-out given in table 6 (cf. Explanatory notes).

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 DIN 7168 Page3

Table4.Generaltolerancesonstraighlnessandllalness
0

4.1.1.3 Cylindricity table 6.since the deviationin radialrun-out CompriSeS the

General toleranceson cyiindricityhave not been specified. deviation in coaxiaiity and the deviation in circularity (cf.
Explanatory notes).
Note. If the envelope requirement is to apply to fits with
cylindrical surfaces, thedimensionconcernedshali
be identified by the symbol 0 ,(e.g. @ 25 0 or @ Table 5. General tolerances on symmetry
25 H 7 B).
0 Tolerance
class
Symmetry tolerance,
in mm
4.1.2 General tolerances 01 position
4.1.2.1 Parallelism R 0,3
The limitationof the deviationin parallelism is given either
by the general tolerances on straightness or flatness (cf. S 0,5
subclause 4.1.1.1). or by the tolerance on thedistance
between the parallel lines or surfaces, whichever is the T 1
greater.
U 2
Theiongerofthetwofeaturesshallbetakenasthedatum.Il
bothleaturesareofthesamenominalsize,theneithermay
serve as the datum. If. for functional reasons, thesedatum
specifications are not permissible, then the tolerance on 4.1.2.5 Radialrun-out
parallelism shall be individually indicated as specified in The generaltolerances on radial run-outshallbe as
IS0 1101. specified in table6. For general tolerances on radial run-
Note. If the envelope requirementis to apply to fits with flat out, the bearing surfaces shall be taken as the datum, if
matingsurfaces,thenthedimensionconcerned they are designated as such. Otherwise, the longer of the
shall be identifiedby the symbol 0 .as specified in two features shall be taken as the datum. If both leatures
IS0 8015 (e.g. 30 0 ,or 30 h 7 0 ) . are of the same nominal size, either may serve asthe
datum. It, for functional reasons, these datum specifica-
tions are not permissible. the tolerance on radial run-out
4.1.2.2 Perpendicularity and inclination shall be individually indicated as specified in IS0 1101.

0 Generaltolerancesonperpendicularityandinclination
have not been specified.Instead, the general tolerances on
4.1.2.6 Axial run-out
angular dimensions may be applied (cl. subclause3.2).
The generaltolerances on axialrun-outshallbe as
Specified in table6.
4.1.2.3 Symmetry For generaltolerancesonaxial run-out, thebearing
The general tolerances for Symmetrical, but not axially surfacesshallbetakenasthedatum,iftheyaredesignated
symmetrical, features areto be taken from table 5. These as such. Otherwise, eachof the axially symmetric features
general tolerances also apply in cases where one of the may serve as the datum.
symmetrical features is axially symmetrical and the other
is not.
Table 6. General tolerances on radial and axial run-oul
For general tolerances on symmetry, the longer feature

I
shall be taken as the datum. That applies to all features
which maybe referredto each other.If both features are01
the same nominal length, then either may serve as the
datum. If, for functional reasons, these datum specilica-
tions arenot permissible, the tolerance on symmetry shall
I Tolerance
class

R
l Radial and axial
run-out tolerances,
in mm

0,l
be individually indicated as specified in I S 0 1101.
S 0.2
4.1.2.4 Coaxiality
T 03
General tolerances on coaxiality have not been specified.
0 The deviation in coaxiality may in extreme cases be as
great as the tolerance value for radial run-out given in
U 1

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4.2 Tolerancing principle 'envelope requirement without indication on drawing' as specified in DIN 7167
4.2.1 General tolerances of form
in form shall,if no individual tolerances
General tolerancesof form have not been specified. All deviations of form havebeen
indicated, be limited by the dimensional tolerances
as follows.

Shaft Cylinder Shaft Cylinder

In the case of shafts, tile surface of the feature

shall not exceed the geometrically ideal form
(cylinder) at its maximum material size (envel-
ope requirement), nor shall the actual dimen-
sion be smaller than the least material limit at
any point.
Note.The cylinder at its maximummaterial
Tolerance limit isembodied by theGO ring gauge.

Minimum
_.
nf Pi7P
I._-
of size
Maximum limit of size
Maximum limit of size

Cylinder

In the case of holes. the surface of the feature

shallnotbesmallerthanthegeometrically
ideal form (cylinder) at its minimum material
size(enveloperequirement),norshallthe
actual dimension be greater than the maximum
material size atany point.
Note.The cylinder at itsminimummaterial
limit of size is embodied by the GO plug
gauge.

Maximum limit
of size
Maximum
limit of size

4.2.2 General tolerances of position Table 7. General tolerances on symmetry tornon-axially

4.2.2.1 Parallelism symmetrical workpiece features
For tolerances on parallelism. the specifications given in
subclause 4.2.1 shall apply analogously. Tolerance Tolerance on
class symmetry, in mm

02') 006
4.2.2.2 Perpendicularity and inclination
Generaltolerances on perpendicularityandinclination
01 ') 0.1 5 I
have not been specified. instead,the general tolerances for
angular dimensions may be applied (cf. subclause3.2).
A I 03
Note. Previously,therule wasthat thedeviations in B OS
perpendicularity should lie within the dimensional
tolerances. measured in a rectangular system of C 1
coordinates. In practice, however, thislimitation
was and ishardly everobserved in industry
because itis seldomrequired
for
functional
reasons. l) Mainly applies for precision engineering applications.

The above symmetry tolerances may also obtain in the

case of workpieces at their 'maximum material size'.
4.2.2.3 Symmetry
For tolerances on symmetry of non-axially symmetrical 4.2.2.4 Radialandaxialrun-out
workpiece features. the values specified in table 7 shall For tolerances onradial run-out in the relationshipoftwo or
apply. These tolerances on symmetry shall also apply to moreaxiallysymmetricalworkpiece features, andfor
relationships between workpiece features where one of the tolerances on axial run-out, the values specified in table8
features Is axially symmetricaland the other is not. shall apply.

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 DIN 7168 Page5

Table 8. General tolerances on radial run-out

in the relationship between
axially symmetrical features,
and general tolerances on axial run-out

Tolerance on
Tolerance
radial and axial run-out.
class
in mm

02‘) 0,02
01 ’) 0,os
A 0,1

B 02
C 03
D 1

‘1 Mainly applies for precision engineering applications.

The above toleranceson radialrun-out may also obtain in the caseof workpieces at their ‘maximum material size’, but this
0 does not apply to axial run-out tolerances, because axial run-outmust always lie within the linear tolerances.

5 Designation and indication on drawings of general tolerances as specified in DIN 7168

5.1 Designation of general tolerances for dimensions, only

Example:

DIN number

Tolerance class m as per clause 3 of this standard

5.2 Designation of general tolerances based on I S 0 8015

Example:
DlN7168-m-S
0 DIN number

Tolerance class m as per clause 3 for size tolerance

Tolerance class S as per subclause 4.1 for tolerances of form and position

Example:

DIN 7168 - m - C

DIN number

Tolerance class m as per clause 3 for Size tolerance

Tolerance
class C as per
subclause 4.2 tolerance
for of position i

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Standards referred to
DIN 406 Part
indication
2 of dimensions on drawings
DIN 7167 Relationship between dimensional and
geometrical
tolerancing;
envelope requirement without
individual tolerance indications
DIN 8580 (at present at the stage of draft) Manufacturing processes; concepts and classification
IS0 1101:1983 Technical drawings: geometrical toierancing; toierancing ofform, orientation, location and run-out;
generalities, definitions, symbols, indications on drawings
I S 0 2768 Part 1 :l989 Tolerances for linear and angular dimensions without individual tolerance indications
I S 0 2768 Part 2: 1989 Geometrical tolerances for features without individual tolerance indications
IS0 8015:1985 Technical drawings; fundamental tolerancing principle

Other relevant standards

DIN 1680 Part 1 Rough castings; general tolerances and machining allowances; general
DIN 1680 Part 2 Rough castings; general tolerances
DIN 1683 Part 1 Rough castings; general tolerances and machining allowances
DIN 1684 Part 1 Rough castings of malleable iron; general tolerances and machining allowances
DIN 1685 Part 1 Rough castings of grey iron withnodular graphite; general tolerances and machining allowances
DIN 1686 Part 1 Rough castings of grey iron with flake graphite; general tolerances and machining allowances
DIN 1687 Part 1 Heavy metal alloy rough castings; sand castings: general tolerances and machining allowances
DIN1687 Part 3 Heavy metalalloyroughcastings;chilledmouldcastings;generaltolerancesandmachining
allowances
DIN 1687 Part 4 Heavy metal alloy rough castings; diecastings; general tolerances and machining allowances
DIN 1688 Part 1 Light metal alloy rough castings; sand castings: general tolerances and machining allowances
DIN1688 Part 3 Light metal alloy roughcastings; chilled mouldcastings;generaltolerancesandmachining
allowances
DIN1688 Part 4 Light metal alloy rough castings: dicastings: general tolerances and machining allowances
OIN
6129 Packagingmaterials:glassbottles and hollowbodies; permissible deviationsfordimensions
without tolerance indication in the case of bottles manufactured fully automatically
DIN 6930 Part2 Stamped steelparts; cut parts from flat products: dimensions and permissible deviations
DIN 7526 Steel forgings; tolerances andpermissible deviations for drop forgings
DIN 8570 Part 1 General tolerances for welded structures;linear and angular dimensions
DIN8570 Part 3 General tolerances for welded structures; geometrical tolerances
DIN 28005 Part 1 General tolerances for vessels; general purpose vessels
DIN 58165 Permissible deviations for optical components: dimensions withoutindividual tolerance indication;
material and machining defects

Previous editions
DIN 7168: 02.56,04.60,03.66; DIN 7168 Part 1; 08.70.08.77. 10.79. 05.81; DIN 7168 P a r i 2: 01.74, 10.79, 05.81,
07.86. 4D
Amendments
The May 1981 edition of DIN 7168Part 1 and theJuly 1986 edition ofDIN 7168Part 2 have been combined
in onestandard. the
scope of which has been designatedas not being applicable fornew designs (see Explanatory notes).

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 DIN 7168 Page7

Explanatory notes
0 When thisstandardwasbeingrevisedprior to publication
of the August1977 edition, theaim wasalready to arrange
the national forewordslo the German editionsof IS0 2768
Parts 1 and 2.
the content of the two Parts of the standard so that they The Explanatory notes in the earlier editions of DIN 7168
wouldcomplementeachotherasmuch as possible. Parts 1 and 2 explained in detail the concepts behind the
initially. the introduction in Part 2 of a table giving toi- tolerancing specifications. These explanations have not
erances on perpendicularity and inclination was planned. been includedin this edition. However,as this editionis, in
supplementary to table3 in DIN 7168Part l.After thorough terms of its content. an otherwise unaltered combinationof
examination,however, thisideawas abandoned. The the earlier standards, the explanations concerned remain
reasonsforthisaregiven in theExplanatorynotesto relevant for the specifications made here.
DIN 7166 Part 2 (May 1981 edition).
In the past. misunderstandings and difficulties were fre-
quently experienced in connection with the values in mm
per 100 mm then stili specified in table 3. For this reason, Table 9. Angles and their langent values
the corresponding column in the table has been omitted.
and permissible deviations are now given in units of angle, Angle Tangent Tangent Angle
only. For cases where metrological reasons requireangu-
lar dimensions to be converted into linear dimensions, the 10’ 0,0029 30’ 0,0087
tangent values for the individual angles have been listed in
table 9 below. 1s 0.0044 50’ 0,0145
The present standard shouldnot be usedfor new designs,
20’ 0,0058 10 0,Ol 75
these now being covered by IS0 2768 Parts 1 and 2. The IS0

e Standards are largely based on the specifications of the

former DIN Standards. For further
details.
please
consult
I 25’ 1 0,0073 I 1°30 1 0,0262 1

International Patent Classification

G 01 B 21/00
G 01 B 21/02
G 01 B 21/22

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