Professional Documents
Culture Documents
MIDAS Family Programs and all associated documentation are copyrighted and protected by the computer
program protection law.
For any enquiry concerning the program or related materials, please contact the following:
MIDASoft Inc.
38701 Seven Mile Road, Suite 260
Livonia, MI 48152, USA
MIDASoft
Modeling, Integrated Design & Analysis Software
Phone: 1-800-584-5541
E-mail: MIDASoft@MidasUser.com
http://www.MidasUser.com
Trademarks and Registered Trademarks referred to in this User’s Guide are as follows:
MIDAS/Gen 1
PROGRAM VERIFICATION AND PRECAUTIONS BEFORE GETTING STARTED
MIDAS Family Programs produce accurate analysis results based on up-to-date theories and numerical
techniques published in recognized journals. The program has been verified by thousands of examples
and comparative analyses with other S/W during the development.
Since the initial development in 1989, MIDAS Family Programs have been accurately and effectively
applied to over 4000 domestic and overseas projects.
A strict verification process of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea has
scrutinized MIDAS Family Programs.
Due to the complexity of structural analysis and design programs which are based on extensive theories
and design knowledge, the sponsors, developers and participating verification agencies do not assume any
rights or responsibilities concerning benefits or losses that may result from using MIDAS Family
Programs. The users must understand the bases of the program and the User’s Guide before using the
program. The users must also independently verify the results produced by the program.
DISCLAIMER
The developers and sponsors assume no responsibilities for the accuracy or validity of any results
obtained from MIDAS Family Programs (MIDAS/Gen, MIDAS/SDS, MIDAS/Set, MIDAS/FEmodeler,
MIDAS/Civil, MIDAS/FX+ and MIDAS/GTS, also referred to as "MIDAS Package" hereinafter).
The developers and sponsors shall not be liable for loss of profit, loss of business, or any other losses,
which may be caused directly or indirectly by using the MIDAS package due to any defect or deficiency
therein.
MIDAS/Gen 2
Preface
Welcome to the MIDAS/Gen programs.
MIDAS/Gen is a program for structural analysis and optimal design in the civil engineering and
architecture domains. The program has been developed so that structural analysis and design can be
accurately completed within the shortest possible time. The name MIDAS/Gen stands for General
structure design.
MIDAS/Gen is a part of MIDAS Family Programs that have been developed since 1989.
MIDAS Family Programs are groups of Package Software that systematically integrates the entire
design process generally encountered in the design of structures. MIDAS Family Programs consist of
the following entities:
MIDAS/Gen 3
Advantages and Features of MIDAS/Gen
MIDAS/Gen has been developed in Visual C++, an object-oriented programming language, in the
Windows environment. The program is remarkably fast and can be easily mastered for practical
applications. By using the elaborately designed GUI (Graphic User Interface) and the up-to-date Graphic
Display functions, a structural model can be verified at each step of formation and the results can be
directly set into document formats.
During the development process, MIDAS/Gen has been verified through numerous examples. Each of
the functions has been verified by comparing the results with theoretical values and output from other
similar programs. The program has been applied to over 5,000 projects and the reliability and
effectiveness have been established.
Representative examples are in the Verification Manual. The latest theories form the bases for the finite
element algorithm that determines the accuracy of analysis results. Excellent results are achieved compared
to other similar programs.
Closing Remarks
MIDAS/Gen has been conceived as a result of the cooperation and efforts by a number of engineers and
professors. We expect that MIDAS/Gen users will be pleasantly surprised with satisfying results. The users
are encouraged to contact MIDAS IT to suggest any improvements that they feel can be implemented in
subsequent versions.
In closing, we extend our gratitude to everyone who participated in the development of MIDAS/Gen.
MIDAS/Gen 4
About the User’s Guide
The User’s Guide for MIDAS/Gen consists of the following 3 volumes and the On-line Manual:
Volume 2 Analysis
Explanation of the analysis backgrounds
On-line Manual Detailed directions and explanations for each built-in function
Understanding the User’s Guide is essential in effectively learning the characteristics and functions of
MIDAS/Gen. The following is a recommended reading sequence before getting started with the program.
First, read the commentaries on the structural analysis and design functions of MIDAS/Gen in Volume 2.
Volume 2 describes the fundamentals necessary to perform finite element analysis using MIDAS/Gen.
Some technical journals have reported that the probability of incurring errors exceeds 90% when
programs are used with poor knowledge of analysis theories and of the programs.
Install MIDAS/Gen following the procedure described in the “Installation” section of Volume 1. Read
other parts of Volume 1, which outline the fundamental concepts necessary to run MIDAS/Gen. Also
contained in Volume 1 are the following: the directions for various functions to run MIDAS/Gen
efficiently, functions for modeling such as “Preferences setting”, “Input Data”, “Manipulation of Model
Window”, “Selection Functions and Activation/Deactivation Functions”, and functions required for real
analysis operations such as “Modeling”, “Analysis”, “Interpretation of Analysis Results”, etc.
Detailed directions and explanations for each function are described in the On-line Manual that can be
accessed from the Help Menu of MIDAS/Gen.
The “Tutorials” supply the modeling, analysis and results interpretation processes of simple structural
examples. Subsequently, practice MIDAS/Gen following the procedures described in the “Tutorials” of
Volume 1. The Tutorials are organized so that when all the step-by-step stages from modeling to the analysis
and design of practical examples are followed, the user understands and acquires the capabilities of the
program. If, at any time, some contents remain misunderstood, the user may refer to the relevant sections
contained in the On-line Manual.
MIDAS/Gen 5
Volume 3 presents principal analysis functions where the results have been verified by comparisons with
theoretical values and results from other programs. Because the verification examples are simple
problems commonly introduced in the academic courses, these examples can be practically used by the
novice in structural analysis as materials to understand the concepts related to the fundamentals of
structural analysis. Representative examples have been selected and included in the Verification Manual.
Contemporary theories have been applied to the finite element algorithm that determines the accuracy of
analysis results. Compared to the results from other similar programs, MIDAS/Gen produces excellent
results.
MIDAS/Gen 6
MIDAS/Gen
Getting Started
INDEX
Summary / 1
Installation / 6
System Requirements / 6
Installation Sequence / 7
Install Sentinel/pro Driver / 9
i
Preferences Setting ................................................................................................. 25
Preferences Setting / 26
Snap / 28
General / 33
Selection / 43
Graphical Selection / 44
Specified Selection / 49
Group / 51
Filtering Selection / 54
Model Activation/Deactivation / 55
ii
Modeling ....................................................................................................................... 57
Loads Generation / 85
Static Loads / 85
Dynamic Loads / 92
iii
Input Results Verification / 107
Display and Display Option / 108
Project Status / 110
Query Nodes / 111
Query Elements / 112
Node Detail Table / 113
Element Detail Table / 114
Design Parameter Detail Table / 115
Story Weight Table / 116
Story Load Table / 117
Story Mass Table / 118
Mass Summary Table / 119
Load Summary Table / 120
Group Activation of Construction Stage Table / 120
Analysis ......................................................................................................................123
Analysis / 126
Static Analysis / 128
Heat of Hydration Analysis / 128
Eigenvalue Analysis / 132
Response Spectrum Analysis / 132
Time History Analysis / 132
Dynamic Boundary Nonlinear Analysis / 134
Buckling Analysis / 136
P-Delta Effect Analysis / 137
Geometric Nonlinear (Large Displacement) Analysis / 137
Construction Stage Analysis / 137
Pushover Analysis / 139
Composite Steel Beam Analysis considering Variation of Pre- and Post-
Composite Section Properties / 140
iv
Interpretation of Analysis Results ................................................................ 141
Design ..........................................................................................................................174
General / 174
Design Criteria and Load Combinations / 175
Entering Design Parameters / 177
v
Text Editor .................................................................................................................211
Usage / 218
Open an Image File / 218
Create Image Setting and Add Title / 219
Print Preview and Page Setup / 224
vi
APPENDIX A. Principal Features of MIDAS/Gen .................................... 225
vii
About MIDAS/Gen
Summary
MIDAS/Gen stands for “General structure design system.”, i.e., a Windows
based integrated system for structural analysis and optimal design.
1
GETTING STARTED
2
About MIDAS/Gen
Latest design standards are adopted in the design module. To list a few, they are
ACI, AISC (ASD & LRFD), BS, Eurocodes, etc.
The Optimal Design function considers various design constraints and leads to
weight optimization in the design of steel frame structures. It offers practical,
convenient and accurate results.
3
GETTING STARTED
¾ Architectural structures
Office buildings, residential buildings, commercial buildings, complex
multi-use buildings, plants, maritime/offshore structures, etc.
¾ Special structures
Stadiums, hangars, power plants, etc.
¾ Other structures
Ships, airplanes, power line towers, cranes, pressurized vessels, etc.
4
About MIDAS/Gen
5
GETTING STARTED
Installation
System Requirements
MIDAS/Gen operates on IBM compatible Personal Computer (PC) in Windows
environment.
6
About MIDAS/Gen
Installation Sequence
Installing MIDAS/Gen
D:\setup
(Note: this is the case where CD-ROM drive is assigned to the
directory D)
3. Once the installation program is initiated, the dialog box shown in the
figure above is displayed and the installation of MIDAS/Gen begins. The
installation will proceed step-by-step to the subsequent phases following
the displayed information. To proceed to the next step, click .
To return to the previous step, click .
7
GETTING STARTED
5. When the license agreement dialog box is displayed, read the agreement
carefully. If the terms and conditions are agreeable click , and
the installation will continue.
7. The directory selection dialog box will appear. Select the folder in which
MIDAS/Gen will be installed. MIDAS/Gen can be installed in the
default folder by clicking . To change the folder, click
and choose the folder in which to install MIDAS/Gen.
8. Once the program folder selection dialog box is displayed, select a folder
name for the registration of MIDAS/Gen icons and other related
programs. Click the button, and copying the files will begin.
8
About MIDAS/Gen
The Sentinel Driver is used to drive the Lock key of Sentinel hardware. To run
MIDAS/Gen and the Lock key the driver has to be installed. The Sentinel Driver
is installed automatically during the installation process of MIDAS/Gen. For
upgrading or replacing a damaged Lock driver, follow the procedure outlined
below.
1. Press the left side Shift key and insert the MIDAS/Gen CD in your
CD-ROM drive.
2. Select the Run command in the Start menu. Once the CD-ROM drive is
assigned, enter the following command:
D:\protection drivers\setup
(Note: this is the case where CD-ROM drive is assigned to the
directory D)
1. Press the left side Shift key and insert the MIDAS/Gen CD in the CD-
ROM drive.
2. Select the Run command in the Start menu. Once the CD-ROM drive is
assigned, enter the following command:
D:\protection drivers\setup /u
(Note: this is the case where CD-ROM drive is assigned to the
directory D)
9
GETTING STARTED
To operate MIDAS/Gen properly, register the serial number after connecting the
protection key to the parallel port.
10
Before Getting Started
Every category of help is connected to related keywords by hyperlink, and all the
detailed explanations and information in connection with the keyword may be
obtained.
A summary of the help contents and an index of the main keywords are arranged
systematically in the On-line Manual of MIDAS/Gen. Read it as a reference in
the order presented in the summary. Alternatively, the information regarding the
desired item may be directly obtained using the Search function of the
keywords.
Symbol in On-line
manual signifies that
the Mouse editor is
supported for the
corresponding data
entry field. The Mouse
editor replaces the
keyboard function for
defining materials,
distances, etc. on the
screen.
Data Files
12
Before Getting Started
13
GETTING STARTED
fn.gd1 Binary Design of steel frame elements and all the related
data
File generated automatically by Design>Steel Code
Check
fn.gd2 Binary Design of RC (reinforced concrete) elements and all
the related data
File generated automatically by Design>Concrete
Code Design (or Concrete Code Check)
fn.gd3 Binary Design of footings and all the related data
File generated automatically by Design>Footing
Design
fn.gd4 Binary Design of SRC elements and all the related data
File generated automatically by Design>SRC Code
Check
fn.acs Text Data file that contains a summary of structural steel
member design results and the detail calculations
Click or in the design results
dialog box after a design.
fn.rcs Text Data file that contains a summary of reinforced
concrete member design results and the detail
calculations
Click or in the design results
dialog box after a design.
fn.src Text Data file that contains a summary of structural
steel/reinforced concrete composite member design
results and the detail calculations
Click or in the design results
dialog box after a design.
14
Before Getting Started
Graphic Files
15
GETTING STARTED
Other Files
16
Before Getting Started
The Works tab of Tree Menu systemizes the entire design process, which allows
us to review the status of input at a glance while the Drag & Drop type of
modeling capability allows us to readily modify the data during the modeling
process.
The organization of the working windows of MIDAS/Gen and the Menu system
are as follows:
17
GETTING STARTED
Main Menu
When running The commands and shortcut keys for all the functions necessary to run
MIDAS/Gen for the first MIDAS/Gen are built-in.
time, the use of Main
Menu is recommended
to understand the built-
in functions and the File File, print, data transfer and related functions
working environment.
Once the user becomes Edit Undo/Redo functions and functions related to editing in
familiar with
MIDAS/Gen, the use of
spreadsheet table window formats
Icon Menu or Context
Menu will be more View Visual presentation method and manipulation functions,
effective. selection functions, Activation/Deactivation functions, etc.
Model Entering model data and automatic generation of grids,
nodes, elements, section properties, boundary conditions,
masses, etc.
Load Enter all types of static loads, dynamic loads, thermal loads,
automatic generation functions, etc.
Analysis Enter all types of control data necessary for analysis process
and analysis execution functions
Results Enter load combinations, plotting analysis results (reactions,
displacements, member forces, stresses, vibration modes,
buckling modes, etc.), verification and analysis functions,
etc.
Design Automatic design of structural steel, SRC, RC and footings,
code checking, etc.
Mode Switch functions between preprocessing and post-processing
modes
Query Status verification functions for nodes, elements and related
data
Tools Assignment of unit system and preferences setting, MGT
Command Shell, computation of bill of material, extraction
of seismic data, Sectional Property Calculator, etc.
Window Control functions for every window within the main window
and arrangement functions
Help Help functions and access to MIDAS IT homepage and e-mail.
18
Before Getting Started
Tree Menu
The entire procedure for modeling from data entry to analysis, design and
preparation of calculations are systemically organized. An expert as well as a
novice can efficiently work without making errors by accessing the related
dialog boxes, which provide the procedural guidance.
Also, Works Tree allows the user to glance over the input status of the current
model data, which can be revised by the Drag & Drop capability.
Assign
Drag
Drop
Selection
Context Menu
In order to minimize the physical motions of the mouse, simply right click the
mouse. MIDAS/Gen automatically selects a menu system, which offers related
functions or frequently used functions reflecting the working circumstances of the
user.
19
GETTING STARTED
Model Window
The working window deals with the modeling, interpretation of analysis results
and design by means of GUI (Graphic User Interface) of MIDAS/Gen.
The Model Window may present several windows simultaneously on the screen.
Because every window operates independently, different user coordinate systems
can be assigned to the individual windows to create a model. In addition, each
window shares the same database and as such, the work performed in a window
updates the other windows simultaneously.
The Model Window can represent common model shapes as well as shapes
generated by up-to-date features such as hidden lines, removal of hidden surfaces,
shading, lighting, dispersion of color tone, etc. The model, analysis and design
results may be displayed in rendering views. The input status of the model or each
type of analysis and design results can be visually verified by “walking through or
flying over” the interiors of structures using the Walk Through Effect.
Table Window
Table Windows display all types of data entry, analysis and design results in the
Spread Sheet format. Various kinds of data modification, additional input,
compilation, arrangement for different characteristics and searching capabilities
are provided in Table Windows. They allow transfers with common database
S/W or Excel.
History Window
History Window displays the contents of data entry such that the user may verify
previous activities or the status of analysis and design process.
Message Window
Status Bar
Status Bar presents matters related to all kinds of coordinate systems, unit systems
conversion, select filtering, fast query, element snap control, etc., which enhance
the work efficiency.
21
GETTING STARTED
Icon Menu helps the user promptly invoke functions frequently used in
MIDAS/Gen. Each icon is regrouped with the icons of similar purposes in
various Toolbars. Each Toolbar may be easily dragged with the mouse to the
desired position on the screen. They may be edited to appear selectively on the
screen or modified by using Tools>Customize. For more information on any
icon in the Toolbar, place the mouse cursor on the icon in question and tool tip
will provide a short description.
Label
Stage Option
Selection Activation
Applying Tools>
Customize, it will be Change Mode
more convenient to Zoom & Pan
display Node, Element
and Property Toolbars
on the screen during
the preprocessing
stage.
Similarly, display Result
Toolbar on the screen View Point
during the post-
processing stage.
Dynamic View
22
Before Getting Started
23
24
Preferences Setting
The thermal unit system requires a consistent unit system for the data. The units
for moment, stress or modulus of elasticity which combine length units and force
units are automatically adjusted by the program according to the types of length
and force units selected by the user.
The user may use Tools>Unit System or the unit system conversion function of
Status Bar located at the bottom of the screen to assign or convert the system of
units.
25
GETTING STARTED
Preferences Setting
Generally, each project is unique. The size and the material characteristics of a
structure differ from one another, and it is convenient to define the modeling
environment in advance when starting a new project.
As the scale of the structure becomes apparent during the initial stage of a new
project, it is possible to assign the grid spacing using Grid in advance. This will
avoid additional and cumbersome adjustments of the screen dimensions.
When the Preferences function is selected, the dialog box shown below is
displayed. Select the entities desired from Tree Menu on the left side and enter
the required data.
Environment
General Provide the user’s name, company logo & set the
automatic file saving defaults
View Set the default window and its size
Data Tolerance Assign the bounds of nodal combination and the
upper limit of numerical values to be recognized as
zero (0)
Property Assign the basic database for materials and sections
Design Assign applicable design standards for different
material types properties
Load Save the database for the floor loads
Output Formats
Formats Assign the effective number of decimal points for the
model data and analysis results
Refer to On-line Manual for detail information regarding each of the above-
mentioned Preferences. The View function is necessary to set the working
window at the initial stage of the work as described below.
Mouse Hair
View Point
Coordinate system
27
GETTING STARTED
Notice that the initial window appears as shown in the figure above after
specifying the following: The length unit is set to “m” in Tools>Unit System.
The size of the default window is 10m in View of Tools> Preferences. The grid
spacings in the x & y directions of the coordinate system are set to 1m and 2m
respectively.
Snap
Snap is used to assign the snap state. Multiple Snap functions may be assigned
at a time. When nodes or elements are being entered with the mouse, Snap
automatically sets the mouse-click point to the closest grid, node or element.
Refer to “Snap” in
“Nodes and Elements The types of the Snap functions supported by MIDAS/Gen are as follows:
Generation” of the
“Modeling” section.
Point Grid Snap
Search the point grid contiguous to the mouse cursor.
Set the point grid by Set Point Grid.
28
Preferences Setting
Node Snap
Search the node contiguous to the mouse cursor.
Element Snap
Search the mid point of the element contiguous to the mouse cursor.
In the case of a line element , the position of the snap may be adjusted by
using the Snap point assignment function to the right of the status bar located
at the bottom of the window. For example, the user may locate the snap at
Line Element means the third points of an element ( ). This is an extremely
elements of Line Type convenient feature when a line element is already set up and another line
constituted by two
nodes such as truss or
element has to be connected to a particular point on that existing element.
beam elements.
Snap All
Select all the above-mentioned snap functions.
Snap Free
Release all the snap functions.
Snap Point
Snap Point
Mouse Cursor
Snap Point
Mouse Cursor
Snap Point
Mouse Cursor
29
GETTING STARTED
Coordinate Systems
Refer to “Structural The GCS uses the X, Y and Z-axes of the Conventional Cartesian Coordinate
Analysis>Numerical System with the right-hand rule. The axes are denoted by the capital letters (X,
Analysis Model>
Coordinate Systems
Y, Z). Nodal data and the majority of data entry related to nodes, nodal
and Nodes” of On-line displacements and nodal reactions are in GCS.
Manual.
The GCS is used for the geometric data for the structure. The Reference Point is
automatically set to the coordinates X=0, Y=0 and Z=0.
In MIDAS/Gen, because the vertical direction of the screen is set parallel to the
Z-direction of the global coordinate system, it is more convenient to coincide the
vertical direction of the structure (the direction opposite to the direction of
gravity) with the GCS Z-direction.
Refer to “Structural The ECS uses the x, y and z-axes of the Conventional Cartesian Coordinate
Analysis>Numerical System with the right-hand rule. The axes are denoted by the lowercase letters. (x, y, z)
Analysis Model>Types of
Elements and Important
Considerations” of On- Element internal forces, stresses and the majority of data entry related to
line Manual. elements are in ECS.
The NCS is used to assign Inclined Support Condition at a particular node. NCS
uses the x, y and z-axes of the Conventional Cartesian Coordinate System with
the right-hand rule. The axes are denoted by the notations x, y and z.
Once the Node Local Axes define the node coordinates, the following boundary
conditions and forced displacements are entered according to the defined node
coordinates:
¾ Supports
¾ Point Spring Supports
¾ General Spring Supports
¾ Surface Spring Supports
¾ Specified Displacements of Supports
30
Preferences Setting
Refer to “Open File and The User Coordinate System (UCS) is the coordinate system additionally
Setting of Preferences> defined by the user to ease the modeling task. The UCS is defined relative to the
Working Plane and
Grids” in Tutorial 1 to
GCS and can be useful when the geometry is complex.
understand this
procedure. Generally, the majority of structures in practice are constituted in 3-D with
various unit-planar structures. The structure is decomposed into a number of
planes. For each plane, apart from the GCS, a coordinate system convenient for
the modeling task is assigned. Once the individual segments are modeled, these
planes are reassembled with respect to the GCS, and the overall 3-D shape now
becomes effectively complete. The UCS is used mainly for such purpose and
assigns a local coordinate system for each unit-planar structure.
Line Grid
31
GETTING STARTED
When entering coordinates or elements, assign the grids to coincide with the
UCS x-y plane. Such technique is extremely convenient for modeling.
¾ Point Grid
¾ Line Grid
The point grid represented by a series of points on the UCS x-y plane is parallel
with the x & y-axes, and each point is set equally apart. Generally, during the
initial stage of modeling, set the point grid by Tools>Preferences. Depending on
the work conditions, use View>Grids>Define Point Grid to reassign the grid.
The line grid, as a grid represented by lines at right angles on the UCS x-y plane,
is positioned parallel with both x and y directions. The spacing may be unequal.
Each grid system can be positioned at the same time, and it is convenient to use
Snap to automatically locate the mouse cursor to a contiguous grid.
32
Entering Data
General
All the data are entered with the Dialog Box, Table Window, MGT Command
Shell and Model Window in MIDAS/Gen. Using the Dialog Box, the data can
be entered by both mouse and keyboard. The keyboard is mainly used for the
Table Window and MGT Command Shell, and the mouse is mainly used for the
Model Window.
In the Dialog Box, the following buttons are used to reflect or cancel the data
entry in the model.
Reflect the data entry in the model and, at the same time, close
the corresponding operation and the dialog box.
Reflect the current data entry in the model and continuously
accept any additional data entry and modification maintaining
the dialog box active.
Cancel the current data entry and close the dialog box.
Close the dialog box.
When shifting the focus from one data entry to another in a Dialog Box, use the
Tab key on the keyboard to move successively from one data field to the next, or
directly specify data by placing the mouse cursor over the desired data field.
33
GETTING STARTED
Table Window of
MIDAS/Gen offers data
Dialog box
input/output and
modification
capabilities. In addition,
it provides all types of
selection functions, Dialog box in the form of Dialog Bar
Filtering, Sorting and
Graph functions, data
exchange with Excel,
The Table Window is a Spread Sheet type window where all the data entry and
etc. design results can be viewed at a glance. It allows the user to make any
additional data entry or modification.
MGT Command Shell is a unique modeling feature, which allows the user to
enter data by text type commands.
For more details concerning the applications, refer to the On-line Manual.
34
Entering Data
The keyboard may be used to enter selected data directly. The related node
numbering or element numbering may be an arithmetic progression in series or
the progression may be incremental. Then, the data entry can be simplified by
“start number to (t) final number” or “start number to (t) final number by
increment”.
< Example> 21, 22, … , 54, 55, 56 Æ “21 to 56”, “21 t 56”
< Example> 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60 Æ “35 to 60 by 5”, “35 t 60 by 5”
35
GETTING STARTED
※ Highlights of usage
1. Operators accept the mixed use of capital and lowercase letters.
2. As the operators are similar to that of an engineering calculator, the
hierarchy of operations follows the rules of common mathematical
operations.
36
Manipulation of
Model Window
Model Window Handling functions can be invoked from the View menu or by
simply clicking the icons in Toolbar.
Hidden
Display the model shape reflecting the sectional shapes of elements and their
thicknesses as it would truly appear.
37
GETTING STARTED
Rendering Option
Modulate the effects of lighting and shadowing of Render View.
Display
Display in the working window the nodal and element numbering, material
and sectional designation, the loading input state, etc.
Refer to Model>Verify
input results> Display
Display Option
Option section.
Control all the graphics displayed in the working window including all types
of display modes such as the color palette of characters, the displayed size,
etc.
38
Manipulation of Model Window
View Point
The View Manipulation functions of MIDAS/Gen are as follows:
Iso View
Represent the model in a three-dimensional space.
Top View
Represent the model as viewed from the +Z direction.
39
GETTING STARTED
Left View
Represent the model as viewed from the –X direction.
Right View
Represent the model as viewed from the +X direction.
Front View
Represent the model as viewed from the –Y direction.
Angle View
Represent the model as viewed from a specified viewpoint.
Rotate
Rotate Left
Rotate the model to the left (clockwise about Z-axis).
Rotate Right
Rotate the model to the right (counterclockwise about Z-axis).
Rotate Up
Rotate the model upward from the horizontal plane.
Rotate Down
Rotate the model downward from the horizontal plane.
Zoom
Zoom Fit
Fit the model to the screen size by scale up/down.
Zoom Window
Assign the desired size of the window by dragging a corner of the window
with the mouse.
Zoom In
Magnify the current window gradually.
Zoom Out
Reduce the current window gradually.
40
Manipulation of Model Window
Pan Right
Move the model window to the right.
Pan Up
Move the model window upward.
Pan Down
Move the model window downward.
By linking Dynamic Zoom/Rotate and Render View, we can look inside and
walk through the structure (Walk Through Effect) or fly over the structure.
41
GETTING STARTED
Using Rotate
Model Rotation Direction Model Rotation Direction
Dynamic, drag the
mouse cursor
downward or upward.
The View Point will
move downward or
upward following the
drag direction.
42
Selection and
Activation / Deactivation
Selection
The Selection functions are extremely important and indispensable for the overall
task of generating a model. It allows duplication of nodes and/or elements, with or
without the same attributes such as loading or boundary conditions, activation of
special parts, verification of input and output data, etc.
Select Identity-Nodes
Select Identity-Elements
Select Previous
43
GETTING STARTED
Graphical Selection
Select Single
Select the desired entities by clicking the mouse once each time. To unselect
the selected entities click them once again. The Select Window feature can be
effected by dragging the mouse left-shifted from a fixed point.
Click the diagonal corners of a window containing the entities with the mouse
cursor and select or unselect the desired nodes or elements.
When assigning the window, select only the nodes and elements completely
contained within the window by dragging the mouse cursor from left to right.
When assigning the window, select all the elements that are contained inside
the window as well as the elements intersecting the boundaries of the window
by dragging the mouse cursor from right to left.
44
Selection and Activation / Deactivation
Select Window
45
GETTING STARTED
Select Intersect
46
Selection and Activation / Deactivation
3 Points
Specify 3 points located in the desired plane.
XY Plane
For a plane parallel to the X-Y plane, specify a Z coordinate of the desired
plane.
XZ Plane
For a plane parallel to the X-Z plane, specify a Y coordinate of the desired
plane.
YZ Plane
For a plane parallel to the Y-Z plane, specify an X coordinate of the
desired plane.
Planes non-parallel to
GCS or UCS can be
easily assigned by
means of 3 Points. The
figure shows an inclined Selected Plane
roof lying in a plane
assigned by 3 Points 3rd
placed on the grids.
1st
2nd
47
GETTING STARTED
To assign a particular hexagonal volume, select and/or unselect all the nodes
and elements contained in the volume.
Selected Volume
st
1 Point of the
Diagonal Corners
nd
2 Point of the
Diagonal Corners
Selected Volume
Click and
(Max X, Max Y, Max Z)
select the volume by
modifying only the
necessary coordinates.
The part of the structure
contained within the
minimum and maximum
coordinates will appear.
Select Volume
48
Selection and Activation / Deactivation
2 Points
Select two points of the diagonal corners of the desired hexagonal volume.
XYZ Limit
Enter the coordinates of the range of the desired hexagonal volume for
each axis.
Specified Selection
Select Identity
Specified Selection Select the desired entities by physical or geometrical identities, i.e., select
nodes or elements with identical attributes, types or groups.
Select Identity-Nodes
Select Identity-Elements Entities can be selected by each identity separately or multi-identities
Group Selection
simultaneously.
Select Previous
Select Recent Entities
The types of identities that can be selected are as follows:
49
GETTING STARTED
Select the desired types in the Identity list shown in the figure above. Select or
modify the selected entities subsequently and selectively as required. Alternatively,
one of the elements having the identity in the Model Window can be selected with
the mouse cursor.
Select Previous
Select the nodes or elements most recently generated during the modeling
exercise.
50
Selection and Activation / Deactivation
Group
Group
First, assign a structure group name and designate relevant nodes and elements
by various Select functions. Using Drag & Drop under the Group tab of Tree
Menu, we can assign the relevant nodes and elements appropriate group names.
In particular, it is extremely useful for modeling complex structures by selecting
and activating certain groups without a repetitive process of selection.
51
GETTING STARTED
2. Enter a group name in the Name field with Suffix numbers and click the
button to create a number of structure groups simultaneously.
3. Using the selection functions, select the relevant nodes and elements to
be assigned to the structure groups.
52
Selection and Activation / Deactivation
Using Model>Group>
Define Boundary Groups and Load Groups similarly.
Change Boundary
Group/Change Load
Group the existing
boundary conditions
and loading groups can
be copied, moved and
deleted to create other
groups.
Double-click the
selected group in Tree
Menu to select the
corresponding nodes
and elements.
Right-clicking in the
selected group of Tree
Menu permits us to
carry on many different
tasks.
53
GETTING STARTED
Specified Selection
Filtering Selection
Select Identity-Nodes
Select Identity-Elements
Select Previous Filtering Selection chooses line elements selectively based on the elements’
Select Recent Entities
Group Selection
directional orientation while applying the Graphical Selection or Specified
Selection features. When the desired entities are selected by Graphical Selection,
only the line elements satisfying the Filtering Condition are selected upon
defining the direction of axis or plane from the filter selection field illustrated in
n below.
To apply Specified Selection, define the desired entities and click the Filtering
button ( ) illustrated in o below to select only the elements satisfying the
Filtering condition among the selected line elements.
n Filter selection
o Filtering button
Filtering Selection
54
Selection and Activation / Deactivation
Model Activation/Deactivation
Active / Inactive is used to partially activate or inactivate specific parts of
a structure.
Active represents a state in which the modeling tasks are permitted. Modeling
tasks such as selection, addition and modification are not allowed for the
inactivated parts. Unless this function is deliberately invoked the total model is
always in an activated state.
Inactivated Object under the Draw tab in View>Display Option allows the
inactivated parts to either appear or disappear on the screen.
Active/Inactive
55
GETTING STARTED
Active
Activate only the selected part while the remaining parts are inactivated.
Inactive
Inactivate only the selected part while the remaining parts are activated.
Inverse Active
Reverse the current active and inactive parts to inactive and active parts
respectively.
Active All
Transform all the nodes and elements in an inactivated state into an activated
state.
Active Identity
Activate the assigned entities on the current UCS x-y plane that contains the
origin, a particular story, the named plane or the Group, etc.
Active Previous
Return to the previous active or inactive state.
56
Modeling
The following two methods are mainly used for generating elements in
MIDAS/Gen:
Refer to the “Structure ¾ Enter the nodes first and then enter the elements using these nodes.
Modeling Using Nodes
and Elements” part in ¾ Enter the nodes and elements simultaneously using the predetermined
the Tutorial 1 of the grids.
present manual for
better understanding of
this procedure.
The second method is generally recommended for expediency. Grids are
generated first. The presence of the grids significantly reduces the risk of making
mistakes during the modeling. This is highly efficient as nodes and elements are
created at the same time.
The grids are laid out in the x-y plane of the UCS. The procedure to layout the
Point Grids is simple enough since the grid spacing is regular in each direction
of the axes, but unsuitable for modeling an irregularly spaced structure. In such a
case, the use of Line Grids is more effective.
During the modeling task, because various functions are alternately used to
create nodes and elements, it is convenient to use Model Entity Tab at the top of
the Dialog Bar located on the left of the screen. The desired function in the
function list can be selected or the Toolbars on the right of the working window
You may move the can be used rather than using the Main Menu.
toolbars to any position
by dragging the mouse.
57
GETTING STARTED
Fast Query
The distance, coordinate, directional vector or node number can be directly typed
on the keyboard in the Dialog Bar. Alternatively, the relevant distance or position
can be conveniently assigned in the Model Window with the mouse cursor. When
the mouse cursor is used to enter the above entities, click the relevant data field
once and the background color of the data field will change to pale green. Then,
enter the relevant data in the Model Window (Mouse Editor function).
When duplicating or moving nodes and elements the relevant attributes may be
selectively included. The relevant attributes for nodes are nodal loading, support
conditions, etc. The relevant attributes for elements are element loading, element
boundary conditions, etc. (Copy Node Attributes, Copy Element Attributes).
58
Modeling
When duplicating
distance, use the
mouse cursor
instead of typing a
numerical value in
the data field.
Translate Elements
59
GETTING STARTED
Nodes Generation
Undo cancels an Use Model>Nodes or Node Toolbar to generate nodes. For detailed information
unlimited number of concerning the directions, refer to On-line Manual.
previous tasks.
Redo recovers the
previous tasks canceled Create Nodes
by Undo. Create new nodes and additional nodes by duplicating the new nodes at given
spacings simultaneously.
Delete Nodes
Remove nodes.
Translate Nodes
Duplicate or move the existing nodes with equal or unequal spacings.
Rotate Nodes
Duplicate or move the existing nodes by rotating about a given axis.
Project Nodes
Project Nodes projects Duplicate or move the existing nodes by projecting on a particular line or
specific nodes onto a
selected line or plane to
surface (plane, conic surface, spherical surface, elliptic surface, etc.).
copy or move the
nodes. This becomes Mirror Nodes
useful when modeling Duplicate or move the existing nodes symmetrically with respect to a
complicated parts of a particular plane.
structure.
Divide Nodes
Create additional nodes by dividing a straight line between two nodes into
equal or unequal spacings.
Merge Nodes
Merge contiguous nodes into one node.
Scale Nodes
Reduce or magnify the spacings between two existing nodes by a specified
ratio.
Renumber Node ID
Renumber the existing node numbers either partially or in its entirety.
Start Number
Assign the start number for new nodes to be created.
60
Modeling
Elements Generation
Undo cancels an Use Model>Elements or Element Toolbar to generate elements. The menu for
unlimited number of material and section properties need not be accessed separately. By clicking the
previous tasks.
Redo recovers the
button to the right of the material and section properties list in the dialog bar
previous tasks canceled for the elements, the related attributes can be added or modified. If necessary,
by Undo. new material and section numbers can be assigned to the elements while being
duplicated.
Create Elements
Create new elements.
Delete Elements
Remove elements.
Translate Elements
Duplicate or move existing elements with equal or unequal spacings.
Rotate Elements
Duplicate or move existing elements by rotating about a given axis.
Extrude Elements
Create one-dimension higher geometric elements (line elements, plate
elements and solid elements) by expanding existing nodes, line elements and
plate elements as follows:
• Create a line element along the path created by the motion of a node.
• Create a plate element along the path created by the motion of a line
element.
• Create a solid element along the path created by the motion of a plate
element.
Mirror Elements
Duplicate or move existing elements symmetrically with respect to a
particular plane.
Divide Elements
Divide existing elements into equal or unequal sub-elements.
Merge Elements
Merge elements of identical attributes (materials, section properties, element
types, etc.) into one element.
61
GETTING STARTED
Intersect Elements
Divide automatically existing line elements intersecting one another relative
to the intersection points.
Renumber Element ID
Renumber existing elements either partially or entirely.
Start Number
Assign the start number for new elements to be created.
Modeling Automation
Structure Wizard
Refer to “Modeling>
Model>Structure Using this feature, unit-regular structures such as a frame, an arch, a truss,
wizard” of On-line
a plate and a shell may be modeled by this automated modeling tool
Manual.
independently and may be combined later with the total model.
Building Generation
Refer to “Modeling>
Model>Building> In a building structure, Building Generation allows efficient modeling of
Building Generation”
the geometry reflecting story heights and section or material variation of
of On-line Manual.
beams, columns, walls and bracings simultaneously.
62
Modeling
Model of a Bin
63
GETTING STARTED
Building structure
generated with varying
floor-to-floor heights
and increments of
section numbers.
Remove the
unnecessary elements
in the upper floor
setback.
64
Modeling
Generate plate
elements in the upper
portion of the coping
and select the
projecting plane below.
65
GETTING STARTED
MIDAS/Gen provides various material and section database, and we are also free
to define User-defined material and section properties. Sectional Property
Calculator calculates section properties for an irregularly shaped section.
Steel
ASTM (American Society for Testing Materials)
A total of 40 built-in types of steel database (A36, A53, A242-40, etc.)
CSA (Canadian Standards Association)
A total of 48 built-in types of steel database (230G(H), 350G(H), etc.)
BS (British Standards)
A total of 23 built-in types of steel database (43A, 50A, etc.)
DIN (Deutsches Institut für Normung e.V.)
A total of 11 built-in types of steel database (St 37-2, St 52-3, etc.)
EN (European Code)
A total of 12 built-in types of steel database (S235, S275, etc.)
JIS (Japanese Industrial Standards)
A total of 13 built-in types of steel database (SS400, SM490, etc.)
GB (Guojia Biao Zhun, China)
A total of 5 built-in types of steel database (Grade3, 16Mn, etc.)
JGJ (Jian Zhn Gong ye Jian Zhn Biao Zhun, China)
A total of 5 built-in types of steel database (Q235, Q295, etc.)
JTJ (Jiao Tongbu Jian She Bia Zhun, China)
A total of 2 built-in types of steel database (A3, 16Mn)
KS (Korean Industrial Standards)
A total of 45 built-in types of steel database (SS400, SM490, etc.)
KS-Civil (Korean Civil Standards)
A total of 27 built-in types of steel database (SS400, SM490, etc.)
Concrete
ASTM (American Society for Testing Materials)
A total of 7 built-in types of concrete property database (Grade C2500,
Grade C3000, etc.)
CSA (Canadian Standards Association)
66
Modeling
Reinforcing Steel
ASTM (American Society for Testing Materials)
A total of 4 built-in types of reinforcing steel database (Grade 60, etc.)
CSA (Canadian Standards Association)
A total of 6 built-in types of reinforcing steel database (300R, etc.)
BS (British Standards)
A total of 2 built-in types of reinforcing steel database (SD460, etc.)
EN (European Code)
A total of 6 built-in types of reinforcing steel database (SD400, SD460,
etc.)
JIS (Japanese Industrial Standards)
A total of 6 built-in types of reinforcing steel database (SD345, etc.)
GB (Guojia Biao Zhun, China)
A total of 4 built-in types of reinforcing steel database (HPB235, etc.)
GB-Civil (Guojia Biao Zhun, China)
A total of 4 built-in types of reinforcing steel database (Grade 1, etc.)
KS (Korean Industrial Standards, Civil/Building Structures)
A total of 5 built-in types of reinforcing steel database (SD40, etc.)
KS-Civil (Korean Civil Standards)
A total of 5 built-in types of reinforcing steel database (SD40, etc.)
SRC
Combinations of the above-mentioned steel and concrete materials
67
GETTING STARTED
User Defined
The user may define the properties directly as well as defining the properties
of Isotropic Material and Orthotropic Material.
At the convenience of the user, enter material properties by the following methods:
68
Modeling
When additional The following is a method of assigning material properties by selecting from the
material properties data
are to be entered during
predefined materials list specified at the elements generation stage after defining
the elements the general material properties:
generation process, use
the button to the
right of the material
properties list of the 1. Click Material for material data input.
Create Elements Dialog
Bar. 2. Select the desired material properties from the list of material properties
of the Dialog Bar used for the generation of elements.
It makes no difference if The following is a method of assigning arbitrary material numbers to the
steps 1 and 2 are elements being generated irrespective of the true material data. The assigned
reversed. If elements
materials are subsequently revised.
are created without
specifying the material
data, the material
number “1” is assigned 1. Click Material for material data input.
automatically.
Only a few material properties are used for modeling real structures. The first
method is generally more practical. Use Change Element Parameters to
modify material data subsequently.
Similar material data used in other model files (fn.MGB) may be imported
for entering material properties.
69
GETTING STARTED
The following outlines the method of defining the time dependent material
properties:
70
Modeling
71
GETTING STARTED
Section Data
MIDAS/Gen supports the following section property data:
72
Modeling
When section data are Selecting sections from the list of section data defined in advance and assigning
additionally required them to the elements being created:
while creating
elements, it will be
more convenient to use
the button to the 1. Click Section to enter the section data.
right of the section list
in the Create Element
Dialog Toolbar. 2. Select the desired sections from the list of sections of the Dialog Bar
used for the generation of elements.
There is no difference if Revising the temporary section data assigned to the elements whose section
the steps 1 and 2 are numbers are arbitrarily assigned to create the elements:
reversed. If elements
are created without
specifying the section
data, the section 1. Click Section to enter the section data.
number “1” is assigned
automatically. 2. Create elements without assigning section data concurrently.
The first method may be advantageous for a relatively simple structure with only
a few section types. The second method may be more practical for general
structures with many section types.
Similar section data may be imported from the MGB files (fn.mgb) used in
other models. The user may expedite the sectional data entering process by
establishing a DB in an MGB file containing built-up sections and other
frequently used sections. This may also come in handy as the DB can be applied
to the automatic design of steel structures.
73
GETTING STARTED
74
Modeling
75
GETTING STARTED
76
Modeling
77
GETTING STARTED
Thickness Data
The thickness data for plate elements in MIDAS/Gen are considered in the
following two ways:
¾ Applying the same thickness to compute the stiffness for both in-plane
and out-of-plane directions.
¾ Applying different thicknesses to compute the stiffness for in-plane and
out-of-plane directions.
For plane stress elements, only the in-plane behavior is taken into account, and
as such only the in-plane thickness data are applied regardless of the data
entered. The Out-of-plane stiffness is irrelevant.
78
Modeling
MIDAS/Gen provides SPC, which calculates stiffness data for any shape or
form. The section shape can be drafted, or a DXF file can be imported. Invoke
Tool>Sectional Property Calculator from Main Menu, and the section
properties calculated are imported in Section when modeling a structure.
A number of sections are arranged in the order of sizes, and the section
properties are individually calculated for each section
79
GETTING STARTED
80
Modeling
Boundary Conditions
81
GETTING STARTED
82
Modeling
Elastic Link can be applied to represent an elastic bearing on a bridge pier, which
eliminates the need for incorporating a fictitious beam element in the modeling.
All that is required is just the stiffness in the relevant direction, which then
produces the reaction.
83
GETTING STARTED
Rigid Link representing offset between the main girder and bridge pier
Plate End Release and Beam End Release represent the inability of resistance in
certain degrees of freedom at the element ends. Node Local Axis is used to
represent skewed boundary conditions relative to the Global Coordinate System,
such as a bridge supported on skewed supports.
Nonlinear Link can model base isolators and dampers in structures representing
the behaviors of nonlinear damping history. Nonlinear Link Element is
composed of 6 linear or nonlinear springs linking two nodes, which represent
one axial spring, two shear springs, one torsional spring and two bending
springs.
84
Modeling
Loads Generation
¾ Static Loads
¾ Dynamic Loads
The static loads are used to perform static analyses for unit loading conditions.
The dynamic loads are used to perform response spectrum analyses or time
Load Group is applied
to the Construction
history analyses.
Stage Analysis in which
groups of loads are
activated and
inactivated at different
stages of construction. Static Loads
1. Use Load>Static Load Cases to enter the static unit loading conditions.
2. Enter the loading data using various static loading functions provided in
Load.
A static analysis is performed for each static unit loading case. Use the
When modifying or Results>Combinations function to combine analysis results during the post-
adding unit loading
conditions in the processing mode.
process of entering
loads, click the It is also possible to carry out the structural analysis after converting the loading
button located to the
right of the Load Case
combination conditions entered in Load>Create Load Cases Using Load
Name field of the Combinations into individual loading cases.
corresponding load
dialog bar for quick
changes.
This is an extremely
useful tool for entering
loading cases when
nonlinear elements are
used in the analysis
model.
85
GETTING STARTED
Self Weight
Element self weight
Nodal Loads
Nodal concentrated loads
86
Modeling
Pretension Loads
Pretension loads in truss elements, cable elements and tension/compression-
only elements
Pressure Loads
Surface pressure loads Pressure loads acting on the thicknesses or surfaces of plate and solid
can be applied to even elements
Plane Stress elements
for Geometric Nonlinear
Analysis.
Hydrostatic Pressure Loads
Pressure loads resulting from the potential energy of fluid
System Temperature
The final temperature of the entire structure necessary for thermal stress
analysis
Nodal Temperatures
Nodal temperatures for thermal stress analysis
Element Temperatures
Temperatures on elements for thermal stress analysis
Temperature Gradient
Temperature gradient between the top and bottom of beam elements or plate
elements
87
GETTING STARTED
Wind Loads
Wind loads automatically computed in accordance with IBC (2000), UBC
(1997), ANSI (1982), NBC (1995), Eurocode-1 (1992), BS6399 (1997), JIS,
KS codes
Prescribed Temperature
Constant temperature condition independent of time
Pipe Cooling
Pipe cooling data for the reduction of temperature
88
Modeling
89
GETTING STARTED
Floor Load
The applications of
Floor Load can be
extended to all the
planes present in a
model. Snow and wind
loads also can be
generated through the
use of Floor Load.
90
Modeling
Soil or hydraulic Hydrostatic Pressure Load automatically calculates lateral loads acting on plate
pressures acting on
basement walls or
or solid elements due to soil or fluid. The applied loads are automatically
retaining walls can be converted even when the elements are divided or merged.
easily generated by
means of Hydrostatic Temperature loads (changes) can be applied to the total structure as well as to
Pressure Loads.
individual nodes. Temperature gradients along the ECS axes of line elements
may be also specified.
91
GETTING STARTED
Dynamic Loads
The data entry process for the response spectrum analysis consists of the
following:
The response spectrum data can be defined using the following four
methods:
• The user directly enters the spectral data for each period.
• The design response spectrum database is selected from the built-in
database (UBC, GB 50011-2001, etc.).
• The seismic response spectrum is extracted from the records of
seismic accelerations using Seismic Data Generation.
• A file containing response spectrum data is imported.
92
Modeling
Refer to Analysis Manual for the concept and features of Response Spectrum
Analysis.
• The user directly enters the loading data for each time step.
• A selection is made from the built-in earthquake records database
(32 types, such as El Centro earthquake, 1940, 270°).
• A file containing the Time History Load is imported.
• The Time Forcing Function is defined by entering Sinusoidal
Function coefficients.
2. Enter the title of the time history analysis condition and the data for
analysis control in Load>Time History Analysis Data>Time History
Load Cases.
93
GETTING STARTED
When performing a typical time history analysis, assign the time history analysis
condition and the Time History Load to be considered using Load>Time History
Analysis Data>Dynamic Nodal Loads.
Refer to Analysis Manual and On-line manual for the concept and input process
of Time History Analysis.
94
Modeling
¾ Base Stage
General analysis is carried out at the Base Stage if the Construction
Stage is undefined. If the Construction Stage is defined, structural
modeling is prepared, and Structure Groups, Boundary Groups and
Load Groups are defined and composed at the Base Stage without the
execution of analysis.
¾ Construction Stage
Analyses for construction stages actually take place. The boundary and
load conditions of the activated Boundary Groups and Load Groups of
each corresponding stage are established.
¾ Post-construction Stage
Being the last stage of the construction stages, special analyses are
carried out at the Post-construction Stage for conventional, response
spectrum analysis, etc. in addition to the analysis for the construction
stage loads.
95
GETTING STARTED
The general modeling procedure for the construction stage analysis of a structure
is as follows:
1. Prepare a structural model except for the boundary and load conditions.
6. Specify Duration and whether or not to save the results in the Compose
Construction Stage dialog box. Define Additional Steps if time variant
loadings are applied within the same structure Group.
96
Modeling
7. From the Group List of the Element tab, select the applicable element
groups to be included in or excluded from each construction stage
through activation or deactivation. Age represents the initial maturity of
each element group. Element Force Redistribution represents the
redistribution of the forces of each element group being deleted or
inactivated into the remaining elements.
8. From the Group List of the Boundary tab, select the applicable
boundary groups to be included in or excluded from each construction
stage through activation or deactivation.
9. From the Group List of the Load tab, select the applicable load groups
to be included in or excluded from each construction stage through
activation or deactivation. Active Day and Inactive Day represent the
dates of applying and removing each load group.
10. Once the construction stages are composed, we may switch around the
construction stages in Stage Toolbar and input the boundary and load
conditions of the Boundary Groups and Load Groups corresponding to
We can minimize input each construction stage.
errors by inputting the
load and boundary
conditions in each
corresponding
construction stage.
97
GETTING STARTED
The modeling procedure for reflecting the time dependent material properties of
concrete is as follows:
1. Define the Creep and Shrinkage properties of concrete, which vary with
maturity in Model>Properties>Time Dependent Material (Creep/
Shrinkage). MIDAS/Gen contains the ACI and CEB-FIP codes for
defining creep and shrinkage properties of concrete and allows us to
directly enter any test data.
98
Modeling
In the case of a structure where two or more structural components are separately
erected in the same construction stage and yet the maturities are different as they
are connected, MIDAS/Gen provides Load>Time Load for Construction Stage
to account for the different timing effect. Time Load for Construction Stage
thus enables us to impose time passage to specific elements, which is input as a
type of load.
Prestress Input
2. Enter the cross sectional area, pre-stress loss coefficients, duct diameter
and strength of tendons in Load>Prestress Loads >Tendon Property.
99
GETTING STARTED
100
Modeling
101
GETTING STARTED
6. Define the heat source function, which reflects the state of heat
generation representing the process of concrete hydration in Load>
Hydration Heat Analysis Data>Heat Source Functions.
102
Modeling
¾ Import/Export
¾ Data Conversion
¾ Merge Data File Function
¾ MGT Command Shell
103
GETTING STARTED
Import/Export
104
Modeling
Data Conversion
When converting analysis results by the above functions, the geometric shapes
of the models must be identical for both MIDAS/Gen and MIDAS/SDS.
105
GETTING STARTED
Use Table Window or improve the efficiency of modeling by using the MGT
command of MGT Command Shell when the task involves a simple repetition
under the GUI environment or the task consists of modifying an existing model
continuously.
106
Modeling
107
GETTING STARTED
Display Option controls the representation mode of all the graphic and
alphanumerical data presented in the Model Window. It has 5 dialog boxes:
Font tab: Assign the type, size and color of all the alphanumerical type of
data such as node numbers, element numbers, analysis results
related to nodes and elements, numerical load data, etc.
108
Modeling
Color tab: Control the color of all the graphic data such as nodes, elements,
masses, loads, support conditions, material properties, sections,
thicknesses, grids, coordinate systems, display background, etc.
Print Color tab: Control the printing color similarly to Color tab.
Size tab: Adjust the scale of Label Symbol, Zoom In/Out, Pan Rotate,
Shrink, Perspective, etc.
Draw tab: Specify the requirements for element color display on the screen
(global element type, material, property, etc.), the representation
mode of elements (outline, thickness and surface treatment), the
printing color processing method for printouts, the representation
method of inactivated elements, the drawing direction for
diagrams, etc.
109
GETTING STARTED
Project Status
Project Status provides the current status of data entries. The data containing the
types of data entries with the counts are clearly arranged in a table format.
Project Status
110
Modeling
Query Nodes
Query Nodes enables the user to verify node numbers, nodal coordinates and
nodal attributes. After selecting Query>Query Nodes, assign the node to be
verified with a mouse click or by typing the node number in the dialog box. The
desired information will appear in the Message Window at the bottom of the
Query Nodes provides screen.
the following types of
information:
Node (number,
coordinates)
Nodal Local Axis
Support
Point Spring Support
General Spring Support
Rigid Link
Nodal Mass
Nodal Load
Specified Displacement
Nodal Temperature
Dynamic Nodal Load
Fast Query
111
GETTING STARTED
Query Elements
Query Elements enables the user to verify the element’s connecting node
numbers and all types of element attributes. After selecting Query>Query
Elements, select the element to be verified with a mouse or by typing the
element number in the dialog box. The desired information will appear in the
Query Elements offers Message Window at the lower part of the screen.
the following types of
information:
Element (element,
connecting nodes,
material properties,
section, number, length,
etc.)
Beam End Release
Beam End Offset
Plate End Release
Element Beam Load
Pressure Load
Prestress
Pretension
Temperature Gradient
Fast Query
112
Modeling
Node Detail Table is used to verify all types of information related to nodes in a
spreadsheet format.
Select the relevant nodes with View>Select first. Click Query>Node Detail
Table and select the desired information by clicking the tabs located at the
Table Window provides bottom.
all kinds of selection,
namely, Filtering,
Sorting, Editing, Graph,
data transfer with Excel,
etc., in addition to data
input/output and
modification. Refer to
On-line Manual for
detail directions.
113
GETTING STARTED
Element Detail Table Element Detail Table is used to verify all types of information related to
displays only the elements in a spreadsheet format.
information related to
the selection. It is easy
to detect errors such as Select the relevant elements with View>Select first. Assign Query>Element
redundant or duplicated Detail Table and select the desired information by clicking the tabs located at the
loads. bottom.
Information Table
114
Modeling
Design Parameter Detail Table is used to verify all types of information related
to member design in a spreadsheet format.
Information Table
115
GETTING STARTED
Story Weight Table is used to verify the weight of the structure in a spreadsheet
format.
116
Modeling
Story Load Table is used to verify the loads applied to the model in a
spreadsheet format.
Assign Query>Story Weight Table first. Select the unit load cases to be included
in Story Load in Active Dialog. Click the tab corresponding to the desired
loading direction at the bottom. The total loads for the desired load cases by
types of loads and by stories can be verified in Story Load Table.
Information Table
117
GETTING STARTED
Story Mass Table is used to verify the masses of the structure in a spreadsheet
format.
Assign Query>Story Mass Table. The Translational Mass and Rotational Mass
at the mass center, for each story can be verified in Story Mass Table.
Information Table
118
Modeling
Data cannot be Mass Summary Table is used to verify the masses of the structure in a
modified in this mode. spreadsheet format.
Assign Query> Mass Summary Table. The Nodal Mass that the user entered as
such, masses converted from loads and Structure Mass obtained from the self-
weight of elements can be verified in Mass Summary Table.
Information Table
119
GETTING STARTED
Load Summary Table is used to verify the loads that have been input in each
direction arranged by load types in a spreadsheet format.
Assign Query>Load Summary Table. Click the tab corresponding to the desired
information at the bottom.
Information Table
120
Modeling
Information Table
121
122
Analysis
There are no limits on the numbers of nodes, elements, load cases and load
combinations for a structural model.
Finite Elements
For beam elements, MIDAS/Gen can analyze the displacements and the
maximum stresses at the end nodes as well as at intermediate points
(Results>Beam Detail Analysis).
For plate elements, thin plate (DKT, DKQ) and thick plate (DKMT, DKMQ)
elements must be used appropriately. Accurate analysis results can be obtained
from thin plates for structures such as common storage tanks. Thick plates may
be more appropriate for modeling walls, slabs, bridge decks, basemats, etc.
The Tapered Beam Element formulated from the most current algorithms can
precisely simulate the behavior of a hunched beam with varying section
dimensions along the length. The Cable Element has also been introduced in
MIDAS/Gen for the design of cable-stayed bridges with a small strain condition,
and suspended cable structures with geometric nonlinearity including the
sagging effect.
123
GETTING STARTED
Truss
Transmit only tensile and compressive loads in the element axial direction
Compression-only Truss
Transmit only compressive load in the element axial direction considering
a gap distance
Tension-only Truss
Transmit only tensile load in the element axial direction considering a
hook distance
Cable
Transmit only tensile load in the element axial direction considering
varying stiffness due to the variation of the internal tension and the sag
effects
Tapered Beam
Beam element with varying sections along the length considering 6
degrees of freedom per node
Wall
Wall element considering in-plane and out-of-plane bending behaviors
Plane Stress
Plane stress element considering in-plane behaviors
Plate
Plate element considering in-plane and out-of-plane bending behaviors
Stiffened Plate
Anisotropic Plate element considering in-plane and out-of-plane bending
behaviors
Plane Strain
Plane strain element considering 2-D behaviors in the GCS X-Z plane
Axisymmetric
Axisymmetric element considering 2-D behaviors in the GCS X-Z plane
124
Analysis
Solid
Solid element considering 3 degrees of freedom per node
Visco-elastic Damper
Linear spring and (non) linear viscous damper combined in parallel and
connected to a spring linking two nodes in all 6 degrees of freedom. An
additional linear viscous damping coefficient for each dof in parallel with
the system can be defined.
Hysteretic System
Hysteretic System consists of springs with the Uniaxial Plasticity property
in all 6 degrees of freedom. An additional linear viscous damping
coefficient for each dof in parallel with the system can be defined.
125
GETTING STARTED
Analysis
MIDAS/Gen provides three solvers for analysis. Select the analysis method
from Analysis>Analysis Options. The default is the Skyline Solver.
The Skyline Solver is generally used in most structural analysis programs. It can
be used in virtually all cases regardless of the types and scales of analysis
models or the system capacities. It is an optimized algorithm that can analyze
most structural engineering problems within a short time frame.
The Band Solver is more appropriate for an ABD (Almost Block Diagonal)
stiffness matrix and can be used in all cases, similar to the Skyline Solver.
¾ Static Analysis
· Linear Static Analysis
· Thermal Stress Analysis
¾ Dynamic Analysis
· Free Vibration Analysis
· Response Spectrum Analysis (SRSS, CQC, ABS, Linear)
· Time History Analysis
¾ Buckling Analysis
· Critical Buckling Load Factors
· Buckling Modes
¾ Pushover Analysis
· Loading Applications as per Mode Shape and Static Load type
· Generation of Capacity Spectrums & Demand Spectrums
127
GETTING STARTED
Static Analysis
2. Input the loads using the various static load input options in the Load
menu.
6. After completing the analysis, analyze the analysis results using the
load cases or combinations and various post-processing functions in
Results.
2. Enter the data required for heat of hydration analysis in the sub-menu of
Load>Hydration Heat Analysis Data following the procedure outlined
in “Modeling Functions for Heat of Hydration Analysis”.
128
Analysis
129
GETTING STARTED
130
Analysis
1st Stage
2nd Stage
3rd Stage
131
GETTING STARTED
Eigenvalue Analysis
1. Enter the masses of the model using the mass input tools supplied by
Using Model>Masses> Model>Masses.
Loads to Masses, the
desired loading
condition of the static 2. Select Analysis>Eigenvalue Analysis Control to enter the data necessary
load data can be for eigenvalue analysis such as the number of modes.
converted to nodal
masses.
This function is
3. Select Analysis>Perform Analysis or click Perform Analysis to
extremely useful for a perform the analysis.
seismic analysis where
dead load is to be 4. After completing the analysis, verify the vibration mode shapes and
converted into mass.
natural frequencies (or natural periods) for each mode using Results>
Vibration Mode Shapes or Results>Result Tables>Vibration Mode
Shape.
132
Analysis
4. When dynamic nodal loads are entered as Time Forcing Function, use
Load> Time History Analysis Data>Dynamic Nodal Loads to select
the Load Case Name and Function Name from the Function Name List,
and then enter the loading direction and arrival time.
133
GETTING STARTED
5. Enter the time history analysis conditions and various control data
required to perform time history analysis in Load>Time History
Analysis Data>Time History Load Cases.
134
Analysis
135
GETTING STARTED
Buckling Analysis
136
Analysis
When considering the P-Delta effect in the static analysis and dynamic analysis
processes, use Analysis>P-Delta Analysis Control to assign the load cases to be
considered for the formation of the geometric stiffness matrix. In addition, enter
the number of iterations and the tolerance for convergence. MIDAS/Gen only
performs P-Delta effect analysis for structures modeled with truss, beam and
wall elements.
The Geometric nonlinear analysis function is applicable for static analysis and
construction stage analysis. Prior to the analysis, assign the order of applying the
loads to be used for the analysis in Load>Nonlinear Analysis Data>Loading
Sequence for Nonlinear Analysis, followed by assigning the repetitive analysis
and convergence conditions required to carry out the nonlinear analysis in
Analysis>Nonlinear Analysis Control.
Geometric nonlinear analysis is applicable for all the elements except for the
solid element.
137
GETTING STARTED
138
Analysis
Stage Tree
Pushover Analysis
3. Define the plastic hinge properties, which are to be applied to the model
in Design>Define Hinge Data Type.
139
GETTING STARTED
1. Use Load>Static Load Cases to define the load cases and the loads
applied to the pre-composite sections.
140
Interpretation of
Analysis Results
Mode Switching
Notice that the analysis MIDAS/Gen organizes the operating environment of the program by
results are removed Preprocessing Mode and Post-processing Mode for user convenience and
when the modeling data
are modified in the
efficiency.
preprocessing mode
after completing the All the data-entering tasks for modeling are possible only in the preprocessing
analysis. However, the mode. On the other hand, interpretation of analysis results such as combining
design data can be
modified.
loads, reactions, displacements, member forces and stresses is carried out in the
post-processing mode.
Load Combinations
and Maximum/Minimum Values Extraction
MIDAS/Gen can combine all the results obtained from static, response
spectrum, time history, heat of hydration, nonlinear and construction stage
analyses by means of the Results>Combinations function. The combined results
can be expressed in text or graph formats in each post-processing mode. Also,
combining the load combination cases can create new load cases.
141
GETTING STARTED
142
Interpretation of Analysis Results
143
GETTING STARTED
144
Interpretation of Analysis Results
General
Use General to combine load cases to assess the serviceability or evaluate
the analysis results without reference to a specific design standard.
Steel Design
Use Steel Design to design steel frame members with respect to the steel
frame design standards.
Concrete Design
Use Concrete Design to design reinforced concrete members with respect
to the RC design standards.
SRC Design
Use SRC Design to design steel frame-reinforced concrete composite
members.
Footing Design
Use Footing Design to design spread footings and pile foundations.
The user can either apply or ignore the load combinations during the design
process.
By grouping several unit load cases, MIDAS/Gen can extract the maximum and
minimum values of structural analysis results such as displacements, reactions,
member forces, stresses, etc., using Envelope Type.
145
GETTING STARTED
Combinations
Generate the load combinations
Reactions
Reaction Forces/Moments: reaction diagrams for supports
Search Reaction Forces/Moments: verification of reaction forces at a
specific support
Deformations
Deformed Shape: deformed shape of the model
Displacement Contour: displacement contour diagrams
Search Displacements: verification of displacements at a specific node
146
Interpretation of Analysis Results
Forces
Truss Forces: member force contour diagrams for truss elements
Beam Forces/Moments: member force contour diagrams for beam elements
Beam Diagrams: member force diagrams for beam elements
Plate Forces/Moments: element force contour diagrams for plate elements
Wall Forces/Moments: element force contour diagrams for wall elements
Wall Diagrams: member force diagrams for wall elements
Stresses
Truss Stresses: stress contour diagrams for truss elements
Beam Stresses: stress contour diagrams for beam elements
Plane Stress/Plate Stresses: stress contour diagrams for plane stress
elements and plate elements
Plane Strain Stresses: stress contour diagrams for plane strain elements
Axisymmetric Stresses: stress contour diagrams for axisymmetric elements
Solid Stresses: stress contour diagrams for solid elements
147
GETTING STARTED
Result Tables
Supply spreadsheet tables containing the analysis results such as
reactions, displacements, member forces, stresses, eigenvalue modes,
story displacements, story shear forces, etc.
Text Output
Supply a text output file containing the analysis results such as reactions,
displacements, member forces, etc. arranged by the load combinations and
output contents chosen by the user.
Post-Processing Procedure
2. Use Results or the icons in the toolbars to recall the desired post-
processing function.
3. Select the desired load case or combination when the dialog bar appears
on the left of the screen. Click the button located to the right of the
load cases/combination selection list to enter a new load combination.
148
Interpretation of Analysis Results
Dialog bar of the post-processing and dialog box for the control of screen
display
149
GETTING STARTED
Type of Display
Multiple selections are possible. It controls the display of the post-processing
results.
150
Interpretation of Analysis Results
Legend Assign the position and color of the legend that reflects
all the reference items on the post-processing screen.
The color of legend can
be adjusted through
Display Option.
151
GETTING STARTED
152
Interpretation of Analysis Results
Mirrored Carry out the analysis using a 1/2 or 1/4 model and
expand the results to create the results of the full model
by plane symmetry.
153
GETTING STARTED
154
Interpretation of Analysis Results
155
GETTING STARTED
Batch Output From the selected output categories, produce all graphic
Generation output at once by sequentially changing the load cases
and combinations.
Select the screen output types and assign them as base
files.
Assign base files, load cases/combinations, analysis
relations, etc. to generate Batch Output.
156
Interpretation of Analysis Results
Display of Reactions
Search Displacements
157
GETTING STARTED
Select Perspective
and Hidden, then a
very realistic contour
will be displayed.
Select Undeformed to
view the deformed
shape overlapped with
the undeformed model.
Click next to
Contour in Type of
Display of the dialog
bar to adjust the
division of contour, the
types of colors and the
gradient treatment.
Select Legend.
The color palette,
relevant table of
numerical values,
model coordinate axes,
file name, working time,
etc., can be displayed
on the left or right of the
Model Window.
Displacement Contour
158
Interpretation of Analysis Results
Truss Forces
With “5 Points” in
Display Options,
the shear forces and
bending moments are
computed at the quarter
points of the beam
elements to represent
the distribution.
159
GETTING STARTED
Using Window>New
Window, different types
of windows can be
displayed
simultaneously.
Display of Stresses
Selecting “Combined” in
Components field, the
combined stresses
(axial stress + strong /
weak axes bending
stresses) applied to
beam elements can be
examined.
160
Interpretation of Analysis Results
Select Window>New
Window to display
different post-
processing results
simultaneously in
separate windows.
161
GETTING STARTED
162
Interpretation of Analysis Results
163
GETTING STARTED
164
Interpretation of Analysis Results
Upon selecting a
particular point on a
cross section, bending,
shear and effective
stresses, etc. can be
checked in detail.
165
GETTING STARTED
166
Interpretation of Analysis Results
167
GETTING STARTED
Animation
4. Click .
The Icons controlling 5. Select Record in the animation control bar at the bottom of the
the animation during working window. The Animation reflecting the items selected in Type of
the animated simulation Display is displayed repeatedly on the working window. Use the
are as follows:
button to the right of Animate to adjust the speed of animation.
Play
Pause 6. Select Save in the animation control bar and enter the desired
Stop filename to save the played animation. If the extension of the file is not
Skip Back
Rewind
assigned explicitly, the “AVI” extension is imposed. Double-click to
Fast Forward replay the saved animation after searching the relevant file in the folder.
Skip Forward
Save
7. Select Close to terminate the animation function.
Record
Close
168
Interpretation of Analysis Results
Context Menu prompts when the mouse curser is right-clicked on the table
window. If Graph, Filtering and Sorting supplied by Context Menu of Table
Window are interactively used, the analysis results can be efficiently analyzed
for different structural characteristics. The types and purposes of Context Menu
in the analysis results table are as follows:
Sorting Dialog
Arrange the table data in columns. We can accomplish sorting the data in an
ascending/descending order and rearranging the data columns in the order of
priority. For example, sorting the member forces of beam elements by strong
169
GETTING STARTED
axis bending moments, weak axis bending moments and axial forces in a
descending order displays the following:
Style Dialog
Adjust the column width, alignment, format of real numbers, decimal points,
etc., in the table for display.
Style Dialog
170
Interpretation of Analysis Results
Show Graph
Active Records
Produce the output data selectively by the attributes of elements (element types,
types of material properties, section types, group, etc.), or produce the member
forces or stresses of beam elements selectively by load cases/combinations,
construction stages and positions (i-node, 1/4, 1/2, 3/4 & j-node).
Where eigenvalue or buckling analysis has been performed, the output can be
selectively produced by vibration or buckling modes.
171
GETTING STARTED
172
Interpretation of Analysis Results
173
GETTING STARTED
Design
General
The design features of MIDAS/Gen are used to design beams, columns, walls,
footings and other structural elements in accordance with the designated design
standards or to interpret the results of strength verification. As the design
features are implemented only under the post-processing environment, the
following process must be observed:
174
Design
175
GETTING STARTED
In order to use the design features, we are required to specify the design
parameters and load combinations in the process of design or strength
verification.
We can revert to the preprocessing mode to modify the model data based on the
results of strength verification or member design. However, it is cautioned that
the analysis results or member design (strength verification) results may be
deleted in such a case.
176
Design
The Design menu provides the Design features of MIDAS/Gen and contains the
following sub-menus:
177
GETTING STARTED
Moment Magnifier
Provide moment magnifiers.
Modify Live Load Reduction Factor
Modify the live load reduction factors already specified, or provide
the live load reduction factors for individual members.
Modify Member Type
Modify the member types that the program selected automatically.
General Design Tables
Arrange the design parameters, defined by the user, in a table format
and modify or remove the pre-defined design parameters.
The design standards and the design parameters are defined for steel
structures.
Design Code
Assign the design standard.
Modify Steel Material
Modify the material properties.
Bending Coefficient
Provide the bending coefficients.
Shear Coefficient
Provide the shear coefficients.
Specify Allowable Stress
Provide the allowable stresses.
Longitudinal Stiffener of Box Section
Provide the lateral stiffener sizes and spacing for box sections.
Steel Design Tables
Arrange the design parameters in tables and modify or remove the
pre-defined design parameters.
The design standards and the design parameters are defined for RC
structures.
Design Code
Assign the design standards.
Strength Reduction Factor
Provide the strength reduction factors.
178
Design
The design standards and the design parameters are defined for SRC
(Steel–Reinforced Concrete) composite structures.
Design Code
Assign the design standards.
Modify SRC Material
Modify the material properties.
Modify SRC Section Data
Specify or modify SRC section data.
SRC Design Tables
Arrange the design parameters in tables and modify or remove the
pre-defined design parameters.
179
GETTING STARTED
180
Design
¾ Steel members
¾ RC members (including RC shear wall members)
¾ Steel-Reinforced Concrete (SRC) members
¾ Footings
The design load combinations are applied according to the design types
noted below and classified by tabs in the dialog box.
3. Mode switching
When the preparation for design or strength verification is completed,
confirm the current mode. If the current environment is in the
preprocessing mode, switch to the post-processing mode.
181
GETTING STARTED
182
Design
183
GETTING STARTED
184
Design
185
GETTING STARTED
186
Design
The procedure for verifying strength for steel members is as follows. The user
may specify all the members or select only a few members in the steel structure
model for checking member strength.
Frame system
Live load reduction factor
Unbraced length or laterally braced length
Effective buckling length factor
Moment factor
Moment magnification factor
Member type
Design standard
Material properties
Bending coefficient
Shear coefficient
Allowable stress
Allowable maximum slenderness ratio
Longitudinal stiffeners of box section
4. The design results will appear on the screen after completing the
strength verification.
5. Using the button in the results dialog box that contains the
output results, the strength may be verified by specifying new section
data for each section type. The modified section data may be reflected
on the analysis model by clicking . Then, the analysis and
design results are automatically removed. As the modified section data
change the structure’s stiffness, the analysis and strength verification
have to be performed once again to obtain appropriate design results
corresponding to the modified model data.
Refer to “Steel Code Check” section of On-line Manual for further detail.
187
GETTING STARTED
188
Design
189
GETTING STARTED
Design of RC Members
The RC (Reinforced Concrete) design feature of MIDAS/Gen designs the
sections and verifies strength for either all RC members or only a few selected
members.
190
Design
¾ Strength Verification
Make-up of a RC section
Section shape and dimensions
Sizes of rebars
Number of rebars
Positions of rebars
The procedure for section design and strength verification for RC members is as
follows:
1. Enter selectively the design parameters to be used for the section design
or strength verification from the sub-menus in Design>General Design
Parameter.
191
GETTING STARTED
Frame system
Live load reduction factor
Unbraced length or laterally braced length
Effective buckling length factor
Moment factor
Moment magnification factor
Member type
2. Enter selectively the design parameters to be used for the section design
or strength verification from the sub-menus in Design>Concrete
Design Parameter.
Design standard
Strength reduction factor
Material properties
Limit for the maximum rebar ratio
Sizes of rebars and design method for shear walls
Enter or modify beam section data
Enter or modify column section data
Enter or modify bracing section data
Enter or modify shear wall section data
Enter or modify shear wall mark
192
Design
4. After completing the design of sections for each member type, check
the section design and strength verification results displayed on the
screen.
193
GETTING STARTED
194
Design
Design of Footings
As the footings are generally placed at the nodes with restrained degrees of
freedom due to the boundary conditions, the user may execute the footing design
using the reactions at these nodes. The spread footings and pile caps with square
or rectangular shapes in plan may be designed.
The section design or the strength verification for footings may be performed
selectively as follows:
¾ Section Design
MIDAS/Gen provides the optimal footing size, number of piles,
footing thickness and required rebar quantities with respect to the
reactions obtained from the analysis process and the design constraints
The most effective specified by the user.
procedure for footing
design starts by
obtaining a design ¾ Strength Verification
through the automatic MIDAS/Gen examines the suitability of footings for the reactions
design feature and then
continues with revising obtained from the analysis process and the design constraints specified
the design by by the user. It calculates the required rebar quantities using the
accommodating user calculated reactions.
preferences and
strength verifications.
The user may specify the design load combinations directly in Results>
Combinations or use the combinations automatically generated in accordance
with the applied design standard. The service load combinations for calculating
the footing sizes and pile quantities, and the factored load combinations for
calculating the footing thicknesses and required rebars, may be applied by
clicking in the Footing Design dialog box.
The design parameters for footing design may be entered or modified by using
the Footing Design dialog box. For those unspecified design parameters, the
initial default values are used for section design or strength verification.
195
GETTING STARTED
1. Enter the design load combinations in the Footing Design tab selected
from Results>Combination.
2. Enter the node numbers where the footings will be placed or click them
on the screen displayed from Design>Footing Design.
3. Enter the required design parameters for footing design and ensure the
accuracy of the service load and factored load combinations.
5. The design results will appear on the screen when the design (strength
verification) is completed.
196
Design
1. Enter selectively the design parameters to be used for the design from
the sub-menus in Design>General Design Parameter.
Frame system
Live load reduction factor
Unbraced length and lateral braced length
Effective buckling length factor
Moment factor
Moment magnification factor
Member type
2. Enter selectively the design parameters to be used for the design from
the sub-menus in Design>SRC Design Parameter.
Design standard
Modify SRC material
Enter of modify SRC section data
4. The strength verification results will appear on the screen when the
strength verification is completed.
Refer to “SRC Code Check” section of On-line Manual for further information.
198
Design
The optimal design, for SRC members, searches for optimal steel sections
without varying the RC sections. The remaining features are similar to that in the
optimal design for steel members.
199
200
Production of Output
Text Output
The Text Output provides the structural analysis and design results in a text file
format specified by the user.
The principal features related to the text output of MIDAS/Gen are as follows:
201
GETTING STARTED
The Text Output features operate on a method that accumulates the required
information on a step-by-step basis for the final outcome. The procedure for
using the Text Output features is as follows:
Example: A load set for the evaluation of reactions, another load set for element
output, and so on. Up to 3 load sets at a time may be specified.
202
Production of Output
Define the method of producing output for steps in Step Option where
construction stage analysis or geometric nonlinear analysis has been
carried out. Click , then the Load Set entry dialog box
shown in the next figure will be displayed.
Enter the Load Set name. A load set is registered when the desired load
cases and/or load combinations are selected (checked) and is
clicked. Click to modify the contents of a Load Set
and click to remove a registered Load Set.
Once all the necessary load sets are defined, click and access
the Element Output Selection dialog box.
In the dialog box, assign the elements for output and select the output
format. In Output Load Set for Element Output, select the load set for
which element output will be produced among the registered load sets.
Select the element types for which output will be produced by checking
appropriate boxes. At this time, only the elements for which the output
can be produced are activated in the dialog box.
203
GETTING STARTED
Two parts constitute the Element Selection Detail dialog box. The left
section filters the selected items, and the right section assigns the output
format and other items.
Only the output for the elements conforming to the selected attributes
among the filter items, ID, Section, Material, Story, Named Plane and
Group will be finally produced.
204
Production of Output
The Text Output features operate on all the elements listed in the Filter
and PreSel fields.
205
GETTING STARTED
Finally, specify the sequence of output and the output file name.
If Insert form feed at each output end is checked, a page form feed
character (“ ”) is inserted at the end of each output item. Type the
name and path of the output file in the File Name field and click
the button to create the file. Text Editor is executed
automatically and the file is displayed on the screen.
206
Production of Output
Print Output
MIDAS/Gen provides a collection of format choices for print outputs for user
convenience. MIDAS/Gen prints output in a vector or in an image format.
MIDAS/Gen provides the Print Preview feature that enables us to adjust the
size and position of the output before printing.
Select File>Print Preview or click Print Preview. Then, the Print Preview
window is displayed.
207
GETTING STARTED
The dialog bar at the top of the screen is used to adjust the size and position of
the output before printing.
Clicking the buttons of each item with the mouse can set up a rough Layout,
while specifying numbers in the Margin fields within the dialog bar can adjust it
to a more precise layout.
Zoom In, Zoom Out Magnify or reduce the view, which has no effect
on the true output.
208
Production of Output
The Color Selection Option is independent of the printer types, and it may be
freely set according to the user’s intent.
Select View>Display Option or Display Option, then the dialog box shown in
the figure below will be displayed. The Draw tab displays the dialog box that
defines the color selection method. Select Print Color Option and set the print
option in Option Value as shown in the figure below.
Among the Color Print Options, Color Printing (View) produces the contents in
the window colors, and the colors may be selected in Color tab from the Display
Option dialog box. Color Printing (Setting) is adjusted in Print Color tab from
the Display Option dialog box, and the colors in the model window and the
output may be set independently.
209
210
Text Editor
In Windows environment, the Text Editor may be used as a common text editor
that provides the basic editing features such as compose, save and print text
documents (may be used as a substitute for Windows memo pad).
211
GETTING STARTED
The desired font and size may be specified by clicking the button on
the right of the dialog box. Text Editor supports a limited number of font types
with fixed pitch.
Page Split
When a new page is desired at a specific line on the page, place the cursor at the
desired position and press Page Split. If the page split character “ ” is
inserted at the position of the mouse cursor, the page is automatically divided at
the position of the page split character for printing. The “ ” character does not
appear on the printed sheets.
212
Text Editor
Check Print Header and fill in the entry fields to print the header.
Check Print Footer to print the footer with the page number and date.
The Page Number Position option selects the position at which the page number
will be printed. The position is either in the middle or on the right at the bottom
of the page.
The Base Page The Page Number Setting option defines the numbering style.
Number is literally the ####: Print the page number beginning with the Base Page Number.
first page (page 1) of ####/####: Print the current page number and the total number of pages.
the document from
which the page
numbering starts
sequentially.
213
GETTING STARTED
Page Setup
Selecting the File>Page Setup menu displays the Page Setup dialog box. This
dialog box defines the size of printed forms, the orientation and the margins.
214
Text Editor
Print Preview
When all the print settings are complete, it is advisable to verify the layout of the
print settings. Select the File>Print Preview menu or click . Once the print
settings are verified, start printing by clicking the button.
215
216
Graphic Editor
Various titles and comments may be added to the graphic documents with the
BMP or EMF (Enhanced Metafile) extensions that MIDAS/Gen created. Such
editing capabilities provide high quality documents for reports or presentation
materials.
217
GETTING STARTED
Usage
Refer to the Graphic Editor section of the On-line Manual for further details
regarding the image and editing functions of the Graphic Editor.
¾ Open
Click to display the dialog box. After selecting the file format
(BMP, EMF), move the file to the desired folder. Select a file name and
click the button.
218
Graphic Editor
¾ Insert Image
If the cursor is in a stand-by state for image insertion, move the cursor
to the desired position and insert the image by left-clicking the mouse.
Select an opened image by clicking the image once and right-click the
mouse. Then select Component Properties. The dialog box shown in
the figure below is displayed. Check Transparent under Bitmap
Properties in General and select the black color, then the background
becomes transparent.
219
GETTING STARTED
¾ Image Framework
The image framework may be defined by clicking Rectangle. After
selecting each rectangle, right-click the mouse to open the Context
Menu. Select Properties in the Context Menu, then the thickness and
color of the lines or the color of the face may be adjusted by the
Component Properties dialog box.
220
Graphic Editor
¾ Input of Text
The graphic editor allows the user to add titles or explanatory texts.
Clicking Text brings the cursor into a stand-by state for text input.
At this time, move the cursor to the desired position and left-click the
mouse. A text input element appears with “Text” written inside.
The desired text may be entered after double-clicking “Text”. Once the
desired text has been typed in, click elsewhere on the window away
from the text field to prompt the end of input. Now, right-click the
mouse on the Text element, select Properties in the Context Menu, and
edit the text properties to the desired format. The component properties
such as the type, size and color of font, the format of the framework,
etc., may be assigned. Even the text may be rotated such that the text is
read vertically.
222
Graphic Editor
The Selection menu at the bottom of the screen determines the drawing
method of the extremity and line shapes of Line or Polyline. For
drawing a new, straight line, the line begins with the selected shape at
the Start Point and ends with the selected shape at the End Point. If
Orthogonal is checked, the shortest perpendicular lines linking the start
and end points are drawn. By applying such a method, explanatory lines
may be inserted in the drawing. First, place the start point in Circle and
the end point in Arrow, and input Polyline. If an additional text is
inserted to the right, the explanatory line is now completed.
223
GETTING STARTED
¾ Print Preview
When the drawing is complete, the layout of the drawing for printing
may be verified in advance by Print Preview. The printing is executed
identically to the print preview displayed on the screen.
¾ Page Setup
Adjust the size, direction and margins of the printed forms.
Print Preview
224
APPENDIX A. Principal Features of MIDAS/Gen
¾ Provision for all types of menu systems for user convenience (Tree
Menus, Full Down Menus, etc.)
¾ Query features related to the input data (Attributes for nodes and
elements)
225
GETTING STARTED
Model Generation
226
APPENDIX A. Principal Features of MIDAS/Gen
¾ Input data for boundary conditions (Support, Beam and Plate End-
release, Rigid End Offset, etc.)
Load Generation
227
GETTING STARTED
Analysis
¾ Analysis capabilities
Linear Static Analysis including Thermal Stress Analysis
Heat of Hydration Analysis
Analysis reflecting Time Dependent material Properties
Linear Dynamic Analysis
Free Vibration Analysis
(Natural Frequencies, Vibration Modes)
Response Spectrum Analysis
(SRSS, CQC, ABS, etc., including the recovery of Signs after
Modal Combination)
Time History Analysis
Geometric Nonlinear Analysis
(Large Displacement, P-delta Effect, Tension/Compression-only,
Gap, Hook, Cable)
Linear Buckling Analysis
(Critical Buckling Forces and Buckling Modes)
Pushover Analysis
228
APPENDIX A. Principal Features of MIDAS/Gen
Output Verification
¾ Stress distribution and principle stress diagrams for plate and solid
elements (including contour lines and maximum values)
¾ Shear force and bending moment diagrams for beam elements (member
force diagrams and contour lines)
¾ Detail analysis results for each beam element (detail deformed shape,
shear force and bending moment diagrams, maximum–stress envelope
diagrams and stress distribution contours at a specific section)
229
GETTING STARTED
Design
230
APPENDIX A. Principal Features of MIDAS/Gen
¾ Design capabilities
Structural steel strength verification for each design standard
Structural steel–RC composite column (SRC) member strength verification
Supply of graphs for analyzing analysis results (by members and by
section types)
Display of graphics for visual assessment of strength verification results
Weight optimization of steel members per section type and automatic
renewal of section properties
Execution of optimal design via automatic iteration process of Structural
analysis, Strength verification and Selection of optimal section
Supply of graphs to assess optimization design process of steel structure
Supply of weight distribution diagrams for combined stress ratios and
supply of average safety factor graphs
Strength verification of plate girders
RC member design with respect to each design standard (computation
of reinforcement)
Automatic and precise computation of required reinforcing steel
obtained from stress-strain analysis and P-M interaction diagrams for
the design of RC members
Output of rebar sizes and spacing based on the required reinforcement
automatically-computed
For the design of slender column and bracing members, the required
rebar is computed by automatic calculation of moment magnification
factors and the required moment capacities considering the slenderness
effect.
For the design of shear wall members, the bending moments about the
weak axis are computed reflecting the slenderness effect and the
reinforcing steel is computed accordingly.
The end reinforcing bars are computed automatically for shear wall
design.
Design of spread footings and pile foundations
231
GETTING STARTED
232
APPENDIX B. Toolbars and Icon Menus
File Toolbar
Cut Cut.
Copy Copy.
Paste Paste.
233
GETTING STARTED
Point Grid Snap Apply snap function to the closest point grid.
(Toggle On/Off)
Line Grid Snap Apply snap function to the closest line grid
(Toggle On/Off).
234
APPENDIX B. Toolbars and Icon Menus
UCS/GCS Toolbar
Set UCS by Current UCS Define a UCS by relocating the origin of the
predefined UCS or rotating the predefined UCS
about UCS x, y and z-axes by specified angles.
235
GETTING STARTED
Zoom Fit Fit the currently active model to the size of the
Model Window.
236
APPENDIX B. Toolbars and Icon Menus
Redraw is used to Redraw Redraw the screen by applying the current View
remove the Dynamic Point and Display Option.
Label, which displays
automatically the Label
for the latest input or to Initial View Revert to the initial stage of opening file in the
remove the residual case of preprocessing mode. Revert to the model
image on the screen.
view stage after deleting the analysis results in the
case of post-processing mode.
Top View Display the model in the X-Y plane with the view
point from the (+) Z-axis direction.
Right View Display the model in the Y-Z plane with the view
point from the (+) X-axis direction.
Front View Display the model in the X-Z plane with the view
point from the (–) Y-axis direction.
237
GETTING STARTED
Stage Toolbar
Selection Toolbar
Select
238
APPENDIX B. Toolbars and Icon Menus
Select All Select all the nodes and elements displayed in the
current window.
239
GETTING STARTED
Activation Toolbar
Active All Activate and display all the nodes and elements
currently modeled.
240
APPENDIX B. Toolbars and Icon Menus
Rendering Option Adjust the Render View for special shading effects
in detail.
241
GETTING STARTED
Pan Dynamic Move (up, down, left and right) the model in real
time as desired by dragging the mouse.
Node Toolbar
243
GETTING STARTED
Element Toolbar
244
APPENDIX B. Toolbars and Icon Menus
Result Toolbar
245
GETTING STARTED
246
APPENDIX B. Toolbars and Icon Menus
Property Toolbar
247
GETTING STARTED
Query Toolbar
Node Detail Tables Verify attributes for selected nodes in table format.
248
APPENDIX C. List of shortcut keys
249
GETTING STARTED
250
APPENDIX C. List of shortcut keys
251
GETTING STARTED
Preprocessing Mode
Mode
Post-processing Mode +
Project Status +
Query Query Nodes
Query Elements +
MCT Command Shell +
Tools Text Editor +
Graphic Editor +
New Window +
Window
Full Screen +
Help Index
252
APPENDIX C. List of shortcut keys
+ +
Active All Select All Select Identity Element Type
Previous View Status Bottom Select Identity Material
Copy Select Identity Section
Beam End Release
Active Identity Select Identity Thickness
Table
Display Rear Select Identity Named Plane
Find Front
Select Identity Structure
Group
Remove Hidden Lines
Iso
Perspective View
Shrink Elements
Left Material Table
Beam Loads Table Elements Table
New Project Nodal Loads Table Nodes Table
Open Project Floor Loads Table
Print Supports Table
Select Previous
Select Recent Entities Right Rigid Link Table
Save Select Single Section Table
Project Status Top Thickness Table
Full Screen Nodal Masses Table
Paste
New Window Structure Wizard-Arch
Cut Structure Wizard-Frame
Redo Structure Wizard-Truss
Undo
253
GETTING STARTED
+
Create Elements Create Nodes
Delete Elements Delete Nodes
Translate Elements Translate Nodes
Rotate Elements Rotate Nodes
Extrude Elements Project Nodes
Mirror Elements Mirror Nodes
Divide Elements Divide Nodes
Intersect Elements Merge Nodes
Change Element Parameters Compact Numbers
Zoom Fit Compact Element Numbers
Function + Function
Help Structure Group
Active Inactive
Redraw Initial View
Query Nodes Query Elements
Perform Analysis Text Editor
Render View Graphic Editor
Preprocessing Mode Post-processing Mode
254