§6.

Magnetic field formed by

electric currents

Instructor: Takuma Yamada

Magnetic field formed by electric currents

Linear current Circular current

𝜇𝜇0 𝑎𝑎2 𝐼𝐼
𝜇𝜇0 𝐼𝐼 𝐵𝐵 =
𝐵𝐵 = 2(𝑎𝑎2 + 𝑥𝑥 2 )3/2
2𝜋𝜋𝑅𝑅
九州大学UIプロジェクト Kyudai Taro,2007 a : Radius
 Hall effect

Particles moving in magnetic field 𝐵𝐵 experience the

Lorentz force 𝐹𝐹⃗ = 𝑞𝑞 𝑣𝑣⃗ × 𝐵𝐵
Electromotive force V is generated between the both
ends of the Hall element.
→ 𝑉𝑉 depends on 𝐵𝐵 (vertical to the Hall element)

Hall element Measures

magnetic
field of this
direction

九州大学UIプロジェクト Kyudai Taro,2007

 How to measure magnetic field
1. Supply 5.00 V to the Hall sensor.
2. Measure voltage 𝑉𝑉 with Digital multimeter (DMM）.
→ 𝐵𝐵 [mT] (vertical to the sensor) = 0.02×𝑉𝑉 [mV]

Hall sensor White label

ホール素子用

Digital multimeter
（DMM）
九州大学UIプロジェクト Kyudai Taro,2007 Power supply
 Magnetic field sensors
There are two sensors.

For Exp (2) Shorter 𝐵𝐵

Hall sensors

𝐵𝐵
For Exp (1) Longer
九州大学UIプロジェクト Kyudai Taro,2007
 Coils for generating magnetic field

Circular coil I
Power supply
for Exp (1)
Blue label
コイル用

Rectangular coil
for Exp (2)
I

Regard as a long linear current.

九州大学UIプロジェクト Kyudai Taro,2007
NOTES

(dis)connect when Do not bring magnetic

“OUTPUT” is OFF. recordings (cash cards) close.

OFF

Magnetic field 1.2 mT max.

九州大学UIプロジェクト Kyudai Taro,2007
Exp (1): preparation

DMM (Digital multimeter) Power supply

Confirm
・AUTO
・SM
・DC Confirm
White label ・5.00 V
ホール素子用 ・C.V.
九州大学UIプロジェクト Kyudai Taro,2007
 Exp (1): Checking the response
Use the brown wooden table
for the measurement.
（The black table is magnetized.）
White label
ホール素子用

Longer sensor
Check the sign of the
N S voltage of DMM when the
bar magnet is brought
close to the sensor.
九州大学UIプロジェクト Kyudai Taro,2007
Exp (1):
Measure B formed by circular coil
3. Measure the “offset voltage” without the coil current.
5. Apply 1.00 A and measure the voltage.
→ －40 mm ~ 40 mm（10 mm interval）

コイル用 ホール素子用

九州大学UIプロジェクト Kyudai Taro,2007

 Exp (2): Checking the response

Before starting Exp (2),

change both the sensor
(longer → shorter) and the
coil (circular → rectangular).

S
shorter Check the sign of the
sensor N voltage of DMM when the
bar magnet is brought
close to the sensor.
九州大学UIプロジェクト Kyudai Taro,2007
Exp (2):
Measure B formed by rectangular coil
3. Measure the “offset voltage” without the coil current.
coil
25 mm 5. Apply 1.00 A and
25 mm measure the voltage.
35 mm
・
・
・
・
・
・
・
135 mm

Distance r from the coil Measure at 0 ~ 110 mm

becomes 25 ~ 135 mm （10 mm interval）
九州大学UIプロジェクト Kyudai Taro,2007
Data table

Exp 1： Magnetic field formed by circular coil

When bringing N-pole close to the sensor, DMM output becomes negative
〃 S-pole 〃 positive
Offset voltage：－18.05 [mV]

Distance Voltage Hall electromotive Magnetic field by the coil

(m) (mV) force (mV) (mT)
－0.040 －39.45 －21.40 －0.4280
－0.030 －49.44 －31.39 －0.6278
： ： ： ：
0.040 －38.51 －20.46 －0.4092

九州大学UIプロジェクト Kyudai Taro,2007

Graph for Exp (1)
Magnetic field by circular coil
Plot the data
Horizontal:
Distance from the coil

Magnetic field [mT]

Vertical:
Absolute value of the
magnetic field

九州大学UIプロジェクト Kyudai Taro,2007 Distance from the coil [m]

 Graph for Exp (2)
Magnetic field by rectangular coil
Plot the data
H: Inverse of the distance
V: ABS of the magnetic field
Magnetic field [mT]

According to Eq. (6-1),

draw a line of magnetic
field produced by a long
linear current.
Measurement
Eq. (6-1)

These data are incorrect.

Inverse of the distance [m-1]
九州大学UIプロジェクト Kyudai Taro,2007
Checkpoints
What you need to finish the experiment
• Lab note
- Sign of voltage when the magnet is brought close.
- Data table (Magnetic field - Distance from the coil)
• Graphs (also a linear line for Exp 2)

What you need for your report

• Objective, principles, settings, data tables
• Questions, discussion, conclusion
Exp (1): Do not forget to overplot theoretical values (1-3)
Exp (2): (2-4) is optional
九州大学UIプロジェクト Kyudai Taro,2007