Boolean 

Algebra (Binary Logic)
Theorem

A+0=A A*0=0
A+1=1 A*1=A
A+A=A A*A=A
A + A’ = 1 A * A’ = 0

A+B=B+A A*B=B*A
(A + B) + C = A + (B + C) (A * B) * C = A * (B * C)
AB + AC = A(B + C) (A + B)*(A
B) (A + C) = A + BC
 Boolean Algebra (Binary Logic)
A’B’ + A’B + AB = A’ + B = Z

A’
B’ =>

A’ A’
Z Z
B B

A
B
A+0=A A*0=0
A+1=1 A*1=A
A+A=A A*A=A
A + A’ = 1 A * A’ = 0

A+B=B+A A*B=B*A
(A + B) + C = A + (B + C) (A * B) * C = A * (B * C)
AB + AC = A(B + C) (A + B)*(A + C) = A + BC
Boolean Algebra (Binary Logic)
More Theorem (DeMorgan)

(A + B)’ = A’ * B’
Boolean Algebra (Binary Logic)
More Theorem (DeMorgan)

(A + B)’ = A’ * B’ (A * B)’ = A’ + B’
 Boolean Algebra (Binary Logic)
More Theorem (DeMorgan)

(A + B)’ = A’ * B’ (A * B)’ = A’ + B’

A A
B B
AB + AC AB + AC
A A
C C
 Boolean Algebra (Binary Logic)
More Theorem (DeMorgan)

(A + B)’ = A’ * B’ (A * B)’ = A’ + B’

Why NAND and NOR gates?

Why NAND and NOR gates?

A A
B B
AB + AC AB + AC
A A
C C
Boolean Algebra (Binary Logic)
More Function (Exclusive‐OR)

Z = AB’ + A’B
Boolean Algebra (Binary Logic)
More Function (Exclusive‐OR)

Z = AB’ + A’B Z=A B

A
Z
B
Boolean Algebra (Binary Logic)
More Function (Exclusive‐OR)

Z = AB’ + A’B Z=A B

A
A Z
B
B’
Z
A’
B
Boolean Algebra (Binary Logic)

Parity circuits: even/odd

Z
ASCII Table (7-bit)
(ASCII = American Standard Code for Information Interchange)

Decimal Octal Hex Binary Value (Keyboard)

------- ----- --- ------ -----
ASCII Table (7-bit)
(ASCII = American Standard Code for Information Interchange)

Decimal Octal Hex Binary Value (Keyboard)

------- ----- --- ------ -----

Choi = $43 $68 $6F $69

ASCII Table (7-bit)
(ASCII = American Standard Code for Information Interchange)

Decimal Octal Hex Binary Value (Keyboard)

------- ----- --- ------ -----

Choi = $43 $68 $6F $69

0100 0011 => ‘C’

C = $43
0100 0011 => MSB odd parity
ASCII Table (7-bit)
(ASCII = American Standard Code for Information Interchange)

Decimal Octal Hex Binary Value (Keyboard)

------- ----- --- ------ -----

Choi = $43 $68 $6F $69

0100 0011 => ‘C’

C = $43
0100 0011 => MSB odd parity
1100 0011 => MSB even parity
ASCII Table (7-bit)
(ASCII = American Standard Code for Information Interchange)

Decimal Octal Hex Binary Value (Keyboard)

------- ----- --- ------ -----

Choi = $43 $68 $6F $69

0100 0011 => ‘C’

C = $43 0110 1111 => ‘o’
o = $6F
0100 0011 => MSB odd parity 1110 1111 => MSB odd parity
1100 0011 => MSB even parity 0110 1111 => MSB even parity
 100 0011 => ‘C’ = $43 110 1111 => ‘o’ = $6F
0100 0011 => MSB odd parity 1110 1111 => MSB odd parity
1100 0011 => MSB even parity 0110 1111 => MSB even parity

P it Circuit
Parity Ci it

D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 = P
0100 0011 => ‘C’ = $43
0100 0011 => MSB odd parity
1100 0011 => MSB even parity

D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 =P
1 0 0 0 0 1 1 =P

Even Parity

1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1
D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0
Z=A B