15 OPERATING MANUAL SEGBA DOCK SUD GENERATOR YOLVYINID Fig. 3.5.1. Connection diagram for Generator Control EquipmentOPERATING MANUAL SEGBA DOCK SUD GENERATOR 3-16 3.6 EXCITATION SYSTEM As shown in Fig. 3.6.1, the excitation system for the turbogenerator consists of: exciter machine rectifier unit permanent-magnet generator, and control equipment. ‘The arrangement permits the necessary excitation current to be fed to the field winding of the main machine without any brush contact. ‘The shaft of the main revolving field machine carries the rotor of the ROTADUCT* revolving-armature exciter machine. The stator of the exciter machine contains the stationary exciter poles, and its rotating armature contains a three-phase winding with totating silicon diodes which rectify the armature current. Connecting leads run through a corresponding bore in the shaft to feed the DC current to the field winding of ‘the main machine. ‘The control equipment compares at its inputs the reference value against the actual values from the main machine (for the parameters: voltage, reactive power or power factor etc.) and alters the necessary exciter current to the exciter machine as a func- tion of the differance between actual and reference values. The necessary excitation energy is supplied from a permanent-magnet generator (PMG) flanged onto the exciter machine. To increase the magnetic flux of the PMG under load, a supplementary exciter winding around the permanent magnets is fed via an auxiliary rectifier from the armature win- ding of the exciter machine, This supplementary winding can also be used for magneti- zation of the permanent pole is weakened, e.g. after a long period of shut-down or of dismantiing. * ROTADUCT: AEG proprietary name, from Rotating semiconductor“17 OPERATING MANUAL SEGBA DOCK SUD GENERATOR Joye10U08 snouciyouAS : suojesoueBucsyoukg ssejysruq e jo weiGeip jediouug uesojua}sing seule piimeyosdizuud BYEMIIOS / SAN|EA e0Ualejoy | ‘eyamys] / SenjeA jenOY n siayqoe: Areyrx TSOUNOOIeSHN Supum-“Ud& = Gujpuimy piel Bupa & Burpy piel GunpIM-SG Bunppmpied Bunppim-Sa_——Bunpjompie Jax JEYOXA Id eujyoseundney UNDND-OU euyoseuueieu3 euIyseW UW ys rouney me JojeravaBjodjuaueuued Tu NOES Fig. 3.6.1 Principle diagram of a brushless turbogeneratorOPERATING MANUAL SEGBA DOCK SUD GENERATOR 3-18 3.6.1 EXCITER MACHINE ‘The exciter machine used is an eight-pole synchronous revolving-armature generator. ‘The laminated poles of the stator are bolted on inside the stator yoke. The pole cores have insulated round-wire coils of electrolytic copper, and the pole shoes a closed short-circuit damper winding formed of copper rods and connecting strips. Protective caps bolted onto the stator yoke protect against electrically live or rotating parts, and feed the cooling air. They can be removed for maintenance work. The rotor body, welded from rolied steel, carries outside the laminated magnetic core, in whose slots the armature winding lies. The armature winding consists of electrolytic copper insulated with varnished glass silk. The end-windings are held by poly glass- fibre bandages. The rotor body, including the lamination stack and the winding, is fully impregnated in a vacuum impregnating plant. The exciter machine, the rectifier unit and the permanent-magnet generator form a single structural unit. The stationary portion is anchored onto the common base frame ‘by means of welded-on feet, and the rotating portion is flanged onto the main machine shaft. ‘The three rectifier inserts within the rotor body are held by electrically insulating mounts. The star-point connector ring of the armature winding and of the rectifier insert are each bolted to a supply rail of the field winding of the main machine. ‘A tan bolted onto the drive side dissipates the haat generated in the windings and the rectifier unit. Fig. 3.6.1.1 Laminated poles of the StatorOPERATING MANUAL ‘SEGBA DOCK SUD GENERATOR 3-19 3.6.2 RECTIFIER UNIT ‘The rectifier unit consists of three segment-shaped inserts, each comprising the heat sink, the power diode and the RC module. The diodes operate at highly derated voltage and current levels, to give highest possible reliability, Type AEG-D 1800 N 3600 Permissible reverse voitage 3600 V Continuous limit current 1400 A at 120 °C Peak surge current limit 25500 A max. 10 ms ‘The actual electrical operating conditions can be calculated from the technical data (Section 1) 0, = 141 UE=209U,, (8. Fig. 3.6.1) \ 0.33 |, \ 0.577 ly Vaat In order to attenuate the peak voltage spikes occurring as the diodes commutate (TSE effect), each rectifier has an RC module connected in parallel. For redundancy reasons, each RC module consists of several individual resistorcapa- citor links connected in parallel. If one component fails, the turbogenerator can still be run at full continuous-duty rating without restrictions. ‘The capacitors are potted in a closed housing with insulating resin of high thermal conductivity. The resistors are mounted on the cover of the housing, to achieve the necessary coming Fig. 3.6.2 Rectifier UnitOPERATING MANUAL SEGBA DOCK SUD GENERATOR 3-20 3.6.3 PERMANENT-MAGNET GENERATOR ‘The permanent-magnet generator serves to supply the necessary excitation energy for the exciter machine and to supply the electronics of the control equipment. The ma- Qnetically active part of the stator consists of low-loss dynamo steel in sheets 0.5 mm thick, insulated one side. The laminations are compressed into a steel housing ring and are held by compression rings at the face end. The haltclosed stator slots contain the corded stator winding of varnish-insulated round wire. The entire stator package, including the winding, is impregnated in a vacuum impregnating plant. The rotor is designed as an eight-pole salient-pole rotor with solid pole core, perma- nent-magnet plates and solid pole-shoes. The magnetic plates are made of magneti- cally hard, anisotropic ALNICO material. Exciter coils of round wire are laid around the eight pole-cores: these windings are likewise vacuumimpregnated. A short-circuit damper winding of sheet copper encloses the pole cores from all directions and bridges over the pole gaps. ‘The basic voltage induced by air-gap induction of the permanent magnets represents about 60% of the rated voltage. The coils underneath the magnetic poles produce an additional excitation varying with load, which prevents the PMG voltage from reducing as the load increases. Fig. 3.6.3 Rotor body of the Excitation System In front: Salient poles of the PMGOPERATING MANUAL SEGBA DOCK SUD GENERATOR 3-21 oe 3.6.4 3.6.44 3.6.4.2 CONTROL EQUIPMENT GENERAL The control equipment is supplied as a self-contained unit in an Intermas cabinet. Modular construction in a swing-out frame offers great flexiblity and unusually easy access for maintenance, Adding additional systems at a later date to meet changed operating conditions, for instance, can be achieved at minimum trouble and cost: Either by inserting additional modules in existing, ready wired plug-in positions, or fitting supplementary systems into empty locations in the cabinet. MODE OF OPERATION, CHARACTERISTIC DATA The control equipment is designed as a 2-channel system (code letter: AM) ‘A: automatic channel B: manual channel ‘The automatic channel is used for normal operation while the manual remains always continuously available on standby, ready to take over manual control if necessary without stopping the generator (s. Fig. 3.6.4.1). The manual channel is also especially suitable for adjusting the protective circuitry and for use when commissioning the turbogenerator (exciter current control) The control equipment ensures - high ceiling voltages for rapid and safe ‘excitation, when considerable over-excitation is required for optimum system function. By using ~ fully-controlled thyristor bridges, the system offers the advantage of = counter voltage excitation (inverter operation of SCR's) of the brushless exciter G2 for rapid reductionof the exciter field current ‘evenduring de-excitation processes in case of sudden dropsin the applied load.OPERATING MANUAL ‘SEGBA DOCK SUD GENERATOR 3-22 = high service quality due to 2-channe! design and limiting regulation circuits. ‘The regulating channels (A- and M-channel) operate on independently fused, fuily- controlled rectitier bridges, which are disconnected via overdimensioned block diodes on the DC-voltage side for increases safety. The thyristors of the bridge, not being in operation, are blocked by biocking circuits. For emergency operation if the AC-powering circuit via pilot exciter fails and for testing purposes the exciter can be supplied from the 3-phase AC-voltage network using. ‘And even in this operating condition all channels are fully operational. Al regulator parameters which can be changed during operation are designed for remote actuation and at the same time the regulator generates signals indicating the mode of operation eto. The whole excitation system is connected to other parts of the plant exclusively via potential-isolating coupling elements (intermediate transformers, isolating converters, relay contacts etc.)OPERATING MANUAL SEGBA DOCK SUD GENERATOR 3-23 Q1 main breaker Gt main machine G21 rectifier (rotating aoe eee G2__ brushless exciter m4 . G3_permament magnetic generator actual values $21 AC-power selector switch VP aver voltage protector Q11_ excitation switch V.. decoupling diodes SCR silicon controlled rectifier (Type: fully controtted bridge) firing pulse unit remote. (external) Fig. 3.6.4 Rotaduct-Excitation and Control Equipment Standard version with pilot exciterOPERATING MANUAL SEGBA DOCK SUD 6.2.4.3 AUTOMATIC-CHANNEL (AVR) GENERATOR The automatic channel offers not only the U = const. voltage regulation code: A/C 02.30 but also the possibilty of regulatingfimiting other modes. In addition the following limiting functions are installed: react. Ut =const. = lexc. max. pole-angle Igen. max. reactive droop compensation code: A 02.42 voltage proportional to frequency at underspeed code: A 02.26 exciter current limiting with time delay code: A 02.54 version: V20 rotor load angle limiting max.(load dependent limiting of the exciter current) version: V40 code: A 02.70 stator current (main machine) limiting with time delay version: A7 code: A 02.58 Remark: The setting limit value is influenced by temperatures of the cooling air. For this a special plug-in is used. Limit code: A 02.74OPERATING MANUAL ‘SEGBA DOCK SUD GENERATOR 3-25 3.6.4.4 MANUAL-CHANNEL ‘The manual channel is designed as an exciter current controller. lexe. Exciter current regulation (subsidiary control loop) code: B 02.18 To prevent excessively high voltages (e.g. on isolating the machine from the grid), the ‘manual channel is always fitted with a voltage limitation circuit. Umax. Overvoltage (main machine) limiter code: BO2.22 During the manual mode, the reference setter B 02.10 must be continuously adjusted (via remote control) to match any load variations. ‘The electronic modules of the manual contro! device are largely identical with those of the AVR, resulting in a low cost spare parts inventory.OPERATING MANUAL SEGBA DOCK SUD GENERATOR 3-26 3.6.4.5 TECHNICAL DATA 1. Type TSG2-PL3-AMO2-V10+V20+V404V71 TSG2- Thytistor controlled equipment PL3- Power supply via - Pilot exciter or stabilized 380 V, 3 Ph. System AMO2- Automatic / Manual / Version 02 (AM - Two channel regulator) V- Additional System V10- Electronic reference setter 20 Maximum excitation limiter V40- Rotor angle limiter 71 - Stator current limiter, setting limit value of stator currant is influenced by the cooling air temperature. 2. Power supply 3 KVA, 3 Phase: 150 V to 320 V 200 C/S Pilot exciter or 380 V, 50 C/S-mains via potential transformer 3. Exciter Field Voltage Field forcing 250 V DC max. at 220 V AC input Rated exciter field voltage max. 100 VDC 4. — Exciter Field Current Field forcing 30 A max. for 20S Rated exciter field currant 4-12A 5. Generator Voltage Transformers 100 V + 10% (line to line) 50 c/s, 10 VA, class 0.5OPERATING MANUAL SEGBA DOCK SUD GENERATOR 3-27 6. Generator Current Transformers 1A+0%50 c/s, 10 VA 20% Class and overcurrent factor: 1 M5 7. Setting Range: Generator Voltage (A): 0.9 U, SU $1.1 U, (atno load) Exciter Field Current (M): 0 < les 1-1 hey U= Generator Voltage U, = Nominal Generator Voltage le = Exciter Field Current he | Exciter Field Current (nominal) hen 8, Reactive Droop Setting Range 0 - 10 % 9. Accuracy of Control Over entire control range + 0.5 % 10. Failsafe DC Power supply 125 VDC 11. Environmental Conditions ‘Storage temperature = 20 °C to 80°C Operating temperature - 10 °C to 85 °C Permissible relative humidity to DIN 40 040, Class G More detailed information on the control is given in a separate service instruction.