SPECIALIST

TTHE
HEFFERNAN
GROUP
MATHEMATICS
TRIAL CAT 2
1998
PO BOX 480
DEEPDENE DELIVERY CENTRE
3103
PHONE / FAX (03) 9836 5025

SOLUTIONS
________________________________________________________________

PART I SECTION A Multiple-Choice Answers

CORE OPTIONAL MODULES

Mechanics Geometry

1. D 12. C 1. A 1. D
2. A 13. E 2. E 2. D
3. D 14. C 3. C 3. B
4. B 15. E 4. E 4. D
5. D 16. D 5. C 5. D
6. D 17. E 6. A 6. E
7. B 18. C 7. D 7. A
8. A 19. B 8. E 8. E
9. D 20. E 9. E 9. A
10. C 21. E 10. E 10. D
11. A 22. D 11. B 11. C
___________________________________________________________________________
PART I SECTION A Multiple-Choice Solutions

Question 1
The graph has vertical asymptote of x  0 . The graph has an oblique asymptote of y  x .
Only option D reflects both these requirements. Note that option B when simplified would
1 2
be y  1  and option E would be y  1  2 when simplified. The answer is D.
x 1 x
Question 2
1 A B
Let  
x ( x  4) x x  4
A( x  4)  Bx

x ( x  4)
True iff 1  A( x  4)  Bx
1
Put x  4 , 1  4 B B  
4
1
Put x  0, 1 4A A 
4
1 1 1
So,   The answer is A.
x ( x  4) 4 x 4( x  4)

__________________________________________________________________________________
© THEHEFFERNAN GROUP 1998 Specialist Maths Trial CAT 2 solutions
 2

Question 3


2


4



4



2

The graph of f(x) is shown.

  
The range of f is   , .
 2 2
The answer is D.

Question 4
x
f ( x )  Sin 1
5
x
Let y  Sin 1u where u 
5
dy dy du
 (Chain rule)
dx du dx
1 1
= .
2 5
1 u
1

x2
5 1
25
1

25  x 2
5
25
1

5
25  x 2
5
1
 The answer is B.
25  x 2

__________________________________________________________________________________
© THE HEFFERNAN GROUP 1998 Specialist Maths Trial CAT 2
solutions
 3

Question 5
y  e sin 3 x
dy
 3 cos 3x. e sin 3 x
dx
d2y
 3 cos 3x.3 cos 3x. e sin 3 x  9 sin 3x. e sin 3 x
dx 2
 9 cos2 3x. e sin 3 x  9 sin 3x. e sin 3 x The answer is D.

Question 6
a
z1  a  bi and z 2   2bi
2
Substituting a  2b , we have,
z1 . z 2  (2b  bi )(b  2bi )
 2b 2  4b 2 i  b 2 i  2b 2
 (2b 2  2b 2 )  (4b 2  b 2 )i
 0  5b 2 i
 25b 4
 5b 2 The answer is D.

Question 7
Recognising the parallelogram rule for addition of vectors, we see that z 2  z 4  z 3
So, z 2  z 3  z 4 . The answer is B.

Question 8
Let z  1  ai and w  b  i
Now, z  w  zwi
1  ai  b  i  (1  ai )(b  i ) i
1  b  ai  i  (b  i  abi  a ) i
1  b  ai  i  bi  1  ab  a i
b  ab  i  bi  0  0i
So, equating real and imaginary parts, we have
b  ab  0 and  1  b  0 , so, b  1 and therefore b  ab  0 becomes  1  a  0
and so a  1 .
So, z  1  i , and w  1  i . The answer is A.
Question 9
z 6  64
z 6  64  0
( z 3  8)( z 3  8)  0
( z  2)( z 2  2 z  4)( z  2)( z 2  2 z  4)  0
( z  2)( z  2)( ( z 2  2 z  1)  1  4  ( z 2  2 z  1)  1  4  0

__________________________________________________________________________________
© THE HEFFERNAN GROUP 1998 Specialist Maths Trial CAT 2
solutions
 4

( z  2)( z  2) ( z  1) 2  3i 2   ( z  1) 2  3i 2   0
( z  2)( z  2)( z  1  3i )( z  1  3i )( z  1  3i )( z  1  3i )  0
The solutions to the equation are  2,  1  3i , 1  3i . The answer is D.
Alternatively, we can use the fact that the nth roots of rcis lie on a circle with centre at the
origin and with a radius equal to the positive nth root of r. In this case, rcis  64cis0 .
 2 4 5
The sixth root of 64 is 2 . The arguments of the roots are 0, , , , , . That is,
3 3 3 3
the six roots are spaced evenly around the radius of the circle.
 2 4 5
So the sixth roots of 64 are 2cis0, 2cis , 2cis , 2cis , 2cis , 2cis .
3 3 3 3
In Cartesian form, they are 2, 1  3i ,  1  3i ,  2,  1  3i , 1  3i .
The answer is D.
Question 10
y  cos ec(ax )
1

sin( ax )
The asymptotes of the graph of y  cos ec(ax ) occur when sin( ax )  0 . Consider the
2
graph of y  sin(ax ) . The period of this graph is. So, sin( ax )  0 when x  0 and
a
n 
when x  where n is an integer. The option for which this applies is x  ( n  1 ).
a a
The answer is C.

Question 11
3 3
3 1

0 9  x2
dx  3
0 9  x2
dx
3
 x
 3Sin 1 
 30
 3 Sin 1 1  Sin 1 0
 3
 3    The answer is A.
2 2
Question 12
 4 sin 2
2 x.cos 3 2 x dx   4 sin 2 2 x.cos2 2 x.cos 2 x dx

  4 sin 2 2 x (1  sin 2 2 x ).cos 2 x dx

  (4 sin 2 2 x  4 sin 4 2 x ) cos 2 x dx Let u  sin 2 x

du du
 2  (u 2  u 4 ) dx  2 cos 2 x
dx dx
 2  ( u 2  u 4 )du
u3 u5
 2(  )  c
3 5

__________________________________________________________________________________
© THE HEFFERNAN GROUP 1998 Specialist Maths Trial CAT 2
solutions
 5

2 sin 3 2 x 2 sin 5 2 x
  c The answer is C.
3 5
Question 13
sin 4 x sin 4 x
 sin 2
2x
dx  
1
dx 1
since sin 2 x  (1  cos 2 x )
(1  cos 4 x ) 2
2
2 sin 4 x du
 dx let u  1  cos 4 x , so,  4 sin 4 x
1  cos 4 x dx
1 1 du
 . dx
u 2 dx
1 1
  du
2 u
1 1
 log e u  c  log e (1  cos 4 x )  c The answer is E.
2 2
Question 14
2 e 2 1
2e x 1 du du
0 (e x  1) 2 dx 2 2
. dx
u 2 dx
Let u  e x  1 , so,
dx
 ex

e 2 1

 2  u  2 du Since x  2, u  e 2  1
2
e 2 1
 u 1 
 2  and since x  0, u  1  1  2
  12
 1  1
 2 2  
e 1 2 
 1 1 2
 2 2    2 1 The answer is C.
 e  1 2 e  1

Question 15
The volume that we want to find is the volume of a cylinder with a radius of 1 unit and a
height of e units minus the volume which is created by rotating the curve with equation
y  e x around the y - axis between y  e and y  1 .
e

So, volume required   r h   2

x
1
2
dy
e

   1  e    (log e y ) 2 dy
2

1
e

  e    (log e y ) 2 dy The answer is E.

1
Question 16
The width of the strip is 1 unit.
1
We have, approximate area = 1  f ( ) where f ( x )  4  x2
2

__________________________________________________________________________________
© THE HEFFERNAN GROUP 1998 Specialist Maths Trial CAT 2
solutions
 6

1
 1 4 
4
15 15
  The answer is D.
4 2
Question 17
y  ke 2 x
dy
So,  2 ke  2 x
dx
d2y
and  4 ke  2 x
dx 2
d2y
So,  2 y  e 2 x
dx 2
becomes 4 ke 2 x  2 ke 2 x  e 2 x
1
2 ke 2 x  e 2 x So, 2 k  1 and therefore k  . The answer is E.
2
Question 18
dP
 rate of delivery - rate of dispatch
dt
 0.4  P  R
 0.4 P  R The answer is C.

Question 19
x  t 3  7t 2  10t and, when t  0, x  0 and x  0
 t (t  7t  10)
2

 t (t  2)( t  5)
When x  0, t (t  2)(t  5)  0 . The particle is at rest at t = 0.
The particle is next at rest at t  2 .

Now, x  (t 3  7t 2  10t )dt
t 4 7t 3 10t 2
   c
4 3 2
When t  0, x  0 and so c  0 .
56
So, when t  2 , x  4   20
3
72  56

3
1
5 The answer is B.
3

Question 20
a
 2 and so a  20 .
For the first 10 seconds, the acceleration is 2 m / s 2 . So,
10
1 1 1 1
So,  10  20  20  20   10  20   10  b  10  b   10  b  0
2 2 2 2
So, 100  400  100  5b  10b  5b  0
__________________________________________________________________________________
© THE HEFFERNAN GROUP 1998 Specialist Maths Trial CAT 2
solutions
 7

b  30
The answer is E.

Question 21
 
OP  2 i  j  3 k and OQ   i  2 j  2 k
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
  
PQ  PO  OQ
 
  OP  OQ
 2 i  j  3 k  i  2 j  2 k
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

 3 i  3 j  5 k
~ ~ ~

PQ  9  9  25

 43 The answer is E.

Question 22
1 t4
r (t )  i j
~ t 1~ t 1 ~
1 t4
So, x  and y 
t 1 t 1
1
Now, t 1 t  4
t 1

5
t4
So, y 
t 1
5
 1
t 1
So, y  1  5x . The answer is D.

SECTION B

Module 1 : Mechanics

Question 1

5 m/s 8 m/s 5 m/s

4 kg m kg (m + 4) kg
BEFORE AFTER
Due to conservation of momentum, we have 5  m  8  4  5(m  4)
5m  32  5m  20
m  12
. The answer is A.

Question 2
__________________________________________________________________________________
© THE HEFFERNAN GROUP 1998 Specialist Maths Trial CAT 2
solutions
 8

F  ma
~ ~

Let F i  ma i
~ ~
So, F  10  2  20 . The answer is E.

Question 3
Let the i~ direction be horizontal and to the right and let the ~j direction be vertical and
upwards.
R  (5 3  10 cos ) i  (10 sin   5) j
~ ~ ~

Now, R 0
~ ~
 0i 0 j
~ ~

So, 5 3  10 cos  0 and 10 sin   5  0

3 1
cos  sin  
2 2
So,   30 . The answer is C.
Question 4
Let the i~ direction be horizontal and to the right and let the ~j direction be vertical and
upwards.
R  (T cos 45 F ) i  ( N  T sin 45W ) j
~ ~ ~

Since the package is on the point of moving, R  0 i  0 j and also F   N .

~ ~ ~
So, T cos45 F  0 and N  T sin 45W  0
T T
and  N  0 N W  _______(A)
2 2
T
N 
2
T

2N
Substituting (A), we obtain
T

T
2 (W  )
2
T
 The answer is E.
2W  T
Question 5 j
~

i
~

__________________________________________________________________________________
© THE HEFFERNAN GROUP 1998 Specialist Maths Trial CAT 2
solutions
 9

Let the mass of B be m kg.

Around A, R  (T   N ) i  ( N  2 g ) j  0
~ ~ ~ ~

Since the particle is on the point of moving, R  0 i and also F   N .

~ ~
So, T   N and N  2 g
Now,   3 and so T  3  2 g  6 g
Around B,
R  (T  mg ) j  0
~ ~ ~

So, T  mg and since T  6 g , we have 6g  mg . So, m  6 . The answer is C.

Question 6

Now, T  kx and T  x Now, T  10, x  0.5,   20
l
So, T  kx becomes 10  k  0.5 so, k  20
 20
Since k  we have 20  therefore l  1 . The natural length of the string is 1 metre.
l l
The answer is A.
Question 7
v 2  22  2 x 2
Since v 2  n 2 ( A 2  x 2 ) , where A is the amplitude,
we have v 2  2(11  x 2 ) , so n  2
2
So, period   2 The answer is D.
2
Question 8
The expression for the position of the particle is of the form x  A cos nt . This tells us that
t
the particle began its journey at an extreme position. We have x  4 cos and so A  4
3
 2
and n  . So, period 
3 n
3
 2  6

So, the particle began at x  4 and had a period of 6 seconds. The answer is E.
Question 9
Now, each complete cycle of simple harmonic motion takes T seconds. So, if 4 cycles take 1
second, then 1 cycle takes 0.25 seconds and so T  0.25 .
2
Also, T 
n

__________________________________________________________________________________
© THE HEFFERNAN GROUP 1998 Specialist Maths Trial CAT 2
solutions
 10

2
So, 0.25 
n
2
and n 
0.25
 8
Since SHM is defined by x   n 2 x ,
we have x   (8 ) 2 x
 64 2 x The answer is E.
Question 10
r  ( t 2  t ) i  2t j
~ ~ ~

So, r~  (2t  1) i~  2 ~j

r  2 i
~ ~

Now, R  ma
~ ~
 mr
~

So, R  5  2 i  10i The answer is E.

~ ~ ~
Question 11
r (t )  5t i  2 sin t j
~ ~ ~
r(t )  5 i  2 cos t j
~ ~ ~

r(t )  25  4 cos2 t Now, speed is a maximum when cost  1 .

~

So, r(t )  25  4  29 . The answer is B.

~ max

Module 2 : Geometry

Question 1
 AOC (reflex angle) = 2   ABC ( the angle subtended by an arc at the centre of a
circle is twice the angle subtended by the same arc at the circumference)
So,  AOC (reflex angle) = 2  95  190
Now,  AOC (reflex angle) +  AOC (obtuse angle) = 360
So,  AOC (obtuse angle)  x  360190  170 The answer is D.

Question 2
 DCE =  CDE = 45
 BFC =  DCE = 45 (alternate angles)
So, in  BCF, a b45  180
So, a b  135 The answer is D.

Question 3
 PTO = 90 (tangent to a circle meets the radii at right angles)
In  POT, (PT) 2  8 2  32
 64  9  55
PT  55
Now, PT = PS (the two tangents to a circle from an exterior point are equal in length)

__________________________________________________________________________________
© THE HEFFERNAN GROUP 1998 Specialist Maths Trial CAT 2
solutions
 11

So, PS  55
Now,  OPS is similar to  BPA.
AP BP
So, 
SP OP
5  55
So, AP  The answer is B.
8

Question 4
The line segments which intersect at P, bisect the angles of the triangle. The point P is
therefore the incentre.
The line segments which intersect at Q, are perpendicular bisectors of the sides of the
triangle. Point Q is therefore called the circumcentre. The answer is D.
Question 5
Since AD, BE and CF are medians of the triangle, the centroid P divides each of the medians
in the ratio 2 : 1.
2
So, AP  2PD . So, AP  AD
3
2 1
 8  5 The answer is D.
3 3
Question 6
x2 y2
For the hyperbola 2  2 1
, the foci are located at ( ae,0) where b 2  a 2 (e 2  1) .
a b
So, 9  4(e 2  1)
13
e since e  1
2
13
So the foci are located at ( 2  ,0)  (  13 ,0) . The answer is E.
2
Question 7
x  sec t y  tan t
1 sin t
 
cost cos t
1 sin 2 t
So, x 2  y 
2
cos2 t cos2 t
1 sin 2 t
Now, x 2  y 2  
cos 2 t cos 2 t
1  sin 2 t

cos2 t
cos2 t

cos2 t
So, x 2  y 2  1 . The answer is A.

Question 8

__________________________________________________________________________________
© THE HEFFERNAN GROUP 1998 Specialist Maths Trial CAT 2
solutions
 12

A quick sketch shows us that the vertex is located at (1,0) .

So the focus is located at (1  a ,0) .

So, 1  a  2 and so a  3
The general equation of a parabola with vertex at (h,0) is y 2  4a ( x  h) .
So the equation of the parabola is y 2  12( x  1) . The answer is E.

Question 9
The region required takes in the first and fourth quadrants of the Argand diagram.
The answer is A.

Question 10
The centre of the circle is complex number 1  i . The circle is defined as the locus of points
z such that the distance between the point z and the point 1  i is 1.
This is written as z  (1  i )  1 . Alternatively, it can be simplified to z  1  i  1 .
The answer is D.

Question 11
Consider  z: z  z  1  i  .
Since z  x  yi , we have
x  yi  x  yi  1  i
x 2  y 2  ( x  1) 2  ( y  1) 2
x2  y2  x2  2x  1  y2  2 y  1
0  2 x  2 y  2
y  x 1 The answer is C.

PART II

SECTION C
Question 1
z 2   r (cos  i sin  ) 
2

 (rcis ) 2
 r 2 cis2
 r 2 (cos 2  i sin 2 ) ……….(1m)
Since z2  m
we have, r 2 (cos 2  i sin 2 )  m
Since m is a positive integer, that is, a real number, then sin 2  0 . ……….(1m)
Question 2

__________________________________________________________________________________
© THE HEFFERNAN GROUP 1998 Specialist Maths Trial CAT 2
solutions
 13

4x  3 A B
Let  
( x  3)( x  2) x  3 x  2
A( x  2)  B ( x  3)

( x  3)( x  2)
True iff 4 x  3  A( x  2)  B( x  3)
Put x  2 , 5  5B, so, B  1
Put x  3,  15  5A so, A  3
5 5
4x  3  3 1 
So,  2 dx      dx ……….(1m)
3
x  x  6 3
 x  3 x  2 


 3 log e ( x  3)  log e ( x  2)  5
3

  log ( x  3) ( x  2)
3 5
e 3
……….(1m)
 log e (8 3  3)  log e 6  1
3

64 1
 log e So, r  7 . ……….(1m)
9 9
Question 3
dy dy dx
 (Chain rule)
dt dx dt

Also, x 2  y 2  6 2
y  36  x 2 , y0
1
dy 1
So,  ( 36  x 2 ) 2 .2 x
dx 2
x
 ……….(1m)
36  x 2
dy x
So,   0.5
dt 36  x 2
 0.5x
 ……….(1m)
36  x 2
dy 2 2  5
When x  4,   . The rate is m/s. ……….(1m)
dt 36  16 2 5 5
Question 4

a. Scalar resolute of a~ in the direction of b~  a . b
~ ~
1
 ( i  3 j 2 k ) . (i  2 j  2 k )
~ ~ ~ 1 4  4 ~ ~ ~

1
 ( 1  6  4 )
3
__________________________________________________________________________________
© THE HEFFERNAN GROUP 1998 Specialist Maths Trial CAT 2
solutions
 14

 11
 ……….(1m)
3
 
b. i. Vector resolute of a~ in the direction of b~  (a . b) b
~ ~ ~
 11 1
 . ( i  2 j  2 k ) from part a.
3 3 ~ ~ ~

 11
 ( i  2 j  2 k ) ……….(1m)
9 ~ ~ ~

 
b. ii. Vector resolute of a~ perpendicular to b~  a  (a . b) b
~ ~ ~ ~
11
  i  3 j 2 k  (i  2 j  2 k )
~ ~ ~ 9 ~ ~ ~

9 27 18 11 22 22
  i j k  i  j k
9~ 9 ~ 9 ~ 9 ~ 9 ~ 9 ~
2 5 4
 i  j k
9~ 9~ 9 ~
1
 (2 i  5 j  4 k ) ……….(1m)
9 ~ ~ ~

 11 1
(To check your answers to part b., ( i  2 j  2 k ) and ( 2 i  5 j  4 k ) should add to
9 ~ ~ ~ 9 ~ ~ ~

give a .)~

SECTION D

Module 1 : Mechanics

Question 5
a. r(t )  (2t  4) i  (2t  8) j
~ ~ ~

__________________________________________________________________________________
© THE HEFFERNAN GROUP 1998 Specialist Maths Trial CAT 2
solutions
 15

2t 2 2t 2
r(t )  (  4t ) i  (  8t ) j  c
~ 2 ~ 2 ~ ~

 (t  4t ) i  (t  8t ) j  c
2 2
~ ~ ~

When t  0 , r~  3 i~  15 ~j

So, 3 i~  15 ~j  0 i~  0 ~j  c~

and therefore c~  3 i~  15 ~j

So, r~(t )  (t  4t  3) i~  (t  8t  15) j

2 2
……….(1m)
~

t 3 4t 2 t 3 8t 2
and r (t )  (   3t ) i  (   15t ) j  d
~ 3 2 ~ 3 2 ~ ~

When t  0, r~ (t )  0~
So, 0  0 i  0 j  d and therefore d  0 .
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
3 3
t t
So, r (t )  (  2t 2  3t ) i  (  4t 2  15t ) j
~ 3 ~ 3 ~
When t  1 ,
1 1
r (1)  (  2  3) i  (  4  15) j
~ 3 ~ 3 ~
4 34
So, r (1)  i  j ……….(1m)
~ 3~ 3 ~

b. Velocity is zero and so we have r~(t )  (t  4t  3) i~  (t  8t  15) j  0 i~  0 j

2 2

~ ~
We require therefore that t 2  4t  3  0 and t  8t  15  0
2

( t  1)(t  3)  0 (t  3)(t  5)  0
t  1 or t  3 t  3 or t  5
So, the velocity is zero when t  3 secs. ……….(1m)

Question 6

a. v 2  n 2 ( A2  x 2 )
When x  1 and v  4 6 , 96  n 2 ( A 2  1) _________(a)
When x  2 and v  2 21 , 84  n 2 ( A 2  4) _________(b)

__________________________________________________________________________________
© THE HEFFERNAN GROUP 1998 Specialist Maths Trial CAT 2
solutions
 16

96 n 2 ( A 2  1)
( a )  (b ) 
84 n 2 ( A 2  4)
8 A2  1

7 A2  4
8( A 2  4)  7( A 2  1)
8 A 2  32  7 A 2  7
A 2  25
A5
The amplitude of the motion is 5 metres and therefore the distance between the extreme
points is 2  5  10 metres. ……….(1m)

2
ii. period of motion 
n
From part a. i., we have A  5 . In (a), 96  n 2 (25  1)
n2  4
n2
2
So, period of motion 
2
 ……….(1m)

b. Since the particle begins its motion at x  0 , its displacement is given by x  A sin nt ,
that is, in this case, x  5 sin 2t .
When x  1 , we have 1  5 sin 2t
sin 2t  0.2
t  0.1007
When x  5, we have 5  5 sin 2t
sin 2t  1
t  0.7854
So, the time taken is 0.68 seconds (correct to 2 decimal places) ……….(1m)

Total 6 marks

Module 2 : Geometry

Question 7

a. ( 2  i ) z  ( z  2 y )i  2
Since z  x  yi , we have (2  i )( x  yi )  ( x  yi  2 y )i  2

__________________________________________________________________________________
© THE HEFFERNAN GROUP 1998 Specialist Maths Trial CAT 2
solutions
 17

2 x  2 yi  ix  y  xi  y  2 yi  2  0
So, 2x  2 y  2  0
y  x 1 ……….(1m)
b. i.

……….(1m)

ii. S   z: z  1 represents the set of points on the Argand plane which form a circle with
centre 0  0i and radius 1 unit. R  T is indicated on the diagram below.

……….(1m)
Question 8
 
To show: AC . BD  0 …………(1m)
 
Left side  AC . BD
   
 ( AB  BC ) .( BC  CD)
 (a  b) .(b  a )
~ ~ ~ ~

 a .b  a . a  b .b  a .b
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

  a a cos 0  b b cos 0
~ ~ ~ ~

__________________________________________________________________________________
© THE HEFFERNAN GROUP 1998 Specialist Maths Trial CAT 2
solutions
 18

2 2
 a  b ……….(1m)
~ ~

Since ABCD is a rhombus, a  b

~ ~
2 2
So, Left side   a  a
~ ~
0
 Right side
Have shown ……….(1m) Total 6
marks

__________________________________________________________________________________
© THE HEFFERNAN GROUP 1998 Specialist Maths Trial CAT 2
solutions