SCORING BOARD

Name: Class:
Questions Marks
PART A /67

1 /7

PART B 2 /6

3 /20

PART B TOTAL /100

STRUCTURE
1 Diagram 1.1 and diagram 1.2 show images seen by an observer when two identical discs are placed
beneath two different glass blocks. The glass block has different thickness but same refractive index.

Diagram 1.1 Diagram 1.2

a) State the formula for refractive index using the real depth and apparent depth.
n = real depth / apparent depth
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
(1 mark)
b) Based on Diagram 1.1 and 1.2,

i) Compare the real depths of the discs.

The real depth of the disc in diagram 1.1 greater than in diagram 1.2
………………………………………………………………………………………………..........
(1 mark)
ii) Compare the apparent depths of the discs.
The apparent depth of the disc in diagram 1.1 greater than in diagram 1.2
………………………………………………………………………………………………..........
(1 mark)
c) State the relationship between real depth and apparent depth.
The greater the real depth, the greater the apparent depth
……….………………………………………………………………………………………………..........
(1 mark)
d) Name the light phenomena involved.
Refraction of light
………………………………………………………………………………………………......................
(1 mark)

e) If the refractive index of the glass block is 1.4, calculate the speed of light in the glass block.
(speed of light in vacuum, c = 3.0 x 108 ms-1)

n=c/v (2 marks)
v = 2.1 x 108 ms-1

TOTAL

1
2 Diagram 2.1 shows a ray of light PQR passing along a simple optical fibre to its end at R.

Diagram 2.1

(a) Name the light phenomenon involved at Q.

Total internal reflection
………………………………………………………………………………………………......................
(1 mark)
(b) State two conditions for the phenomenon above to occur.
- The angle of incidence is greater than critical angle //i>c
………………………………………………………………………………………………......................
- Light travels from denser medium to less dense medium
……………………………………………………………………………………………….....................
(2 marks)

(c) The refractive index of inner core is 1.62. The angle of incidence at R is 15°. Calculate the
angle, X.

Refractive index , n = sin i

sin r

= 1.62

sin x = 1.62 (sin 15°)

x = 24.8°/24.79°/25°
(2 marks)

(d) State one advantage of optical fibre in telecommunications.

An optical fibre can carry many more signals// Faster transmission
………………………………………………………………………………………………......................
// can be bent//flexible More total internal reflection occur (1 mark)

TOTAL

2
 ESSAY
3 Diagram 3.1 & Diagram 3.2 show a light ray traveling through two gemstones with different critical
angle, c.

ρ=

Diagram 3.1 Diagram 3.2

a) What is meant by critical angle?

The angle of incidence in denser medium when angle of refraction in less dense medium is 90o

(1 mark)

b) Based on Diagram 3.1 & Diagram 3.2, compare the critical angle, c, density, ρ, and refractive
index, n.
The critical angle in diagram 3.1 is smaller than diagram 3.2
The density in diagram 3.1 is greater than diagram 3.2
The refractive index in diagram 3.1 is greater than diagram 3.2
(3 marks)
c) State the relationship between refractive index and
i) Density
ii) Critical angle
Then greater the density, the greater the refractive index
The greater the refractive index, the smaller the critical angle
(2 marks)

d) Diagram 3.3 shows a submarine which uses a glass prism periscope to see objects above the
water surface.

Diagram 3.3

With the help of diagram, explain how the observer in Diagram 3.3 can see objects above the water
surface.

3
 The periscope is made up of two right angle prisms fitted at both ends of a long tube.

The light rays from an object travel along the normal at side AB of the upper prism.

The light rays reach side AC without refraction.

The angle of incidence is 45o and is larger than critical angle. So Total internal reflection occur.

The light rays reflected downwards and TIR occur once again at side DF and reflect towards the
eye.

Max = 4 marks

(4 marks)

e) Diagram 3.4 shows an optical fibre in an endoscope which is used in medicine.

Diagram 3.4

You are required to give some suggestions in designing a more efficient endoscope. Explain your
suggestions based on the following aspects:

i) Comparison between the refractive index of the inner core and the outer cladding.
ii) Purity of the inner core
iii) Thickness
iv) Strength
v) Density
(10 marks)

4
 Characteristics Explanation

Refractive index of outer cladding is less To enable Total internal reflection occur in optical
than refractive index of inner core fibre

Purity of inner core is high Light ray can travel over a long distance without lost
of energy

Thickness : thin material Can be used in small area

Strength : strong material Long lasting // durable // do not break easily

Low density Lighter // easy to handle // easy to manage