U n i t Ujj^

Schools and Schooling

i. Listening

Four people are speaking about their life at school. Listen, ф (1), and
match the speakers (1—4) with what they say (a—e). There is one
statement you don't have to use.

Statements
a) The student says that his/her teacher changed his/her
attitude 1 to one of the school subjects.
b) The student says his/her test results were always worse
than his/her knowledge.
c) The student says his parents were surprised at his/her
marks in sciences.
d) The student says his/her father and mother liked their
child's results in school subjects.
e) The student says he/she was fond of his/her fellow stu-
dents as well as the teachers.

1 attitude ['aetitju:d] — отношение

Listen to the text "School Uniform", ф (2), and write answers to
these questions.

1. Do all schools in Britain have school uniforms?

2. Is the speaker for school uniforms or against them?

3. Why does the speaker say that a uniform saves1 time?

4. What doesn't the speaker like in school uniforms?

5. Pupils in Britain usually have to wear grey or black

trousers when they are at school, don't they?

6. Why does the speaker think jeans are the best thing for
a school uniform?

7. What uniforms in the speaker's view are good for the

summer?

1 to save [seiv] — зд.\ экономить

8. Who thinks that everybody has to form 1 their own indi-
vidual dress sense2?

п . Reading

Read the words in transcriptions, then listen and check, ® (3).

[bai'Dbc^i] ['forma] ['praimari]

['kemistri] [^eeBa'maetiks] ['глЬэ]
['dikjnri] ['fiziks] ['ju:mfo:m]
[litra^a] ['stAdiz] ['laudli]
fsizaz] t'peipa] [,felt'tip]

Read the words, word combinations and sentences, then listen and
check, ® (4).
a) age, backpack, chalk, examination, science, foreign, geo-
graphy, glue, noisy, paint, physical education, pencil
sharpener, pencil case, secondary, subject
b) a good education, my best schoolmate, a primary school,
a long ruler, to speak loudly, his exercise book, a fa-
mous college, a noisy street, to pay money, a lot of
glue, a pair of scissors
c) Yesterday we painted the walls of our classroom. This
school is the best place in the town to get secondary ed-
ucation. Joe doesn't know mathematics very well. Phys-
ics is a difficult science. My elder sister (brother) is
fond of linguistics. Lizzy took off her coat and entered
the classroom. W e decided to talk our holidays plans
over. Secondary education is free in this country. He is
interested in stamps and has a good collection of them.
Are only children different?
Read the paragraphs of the text (a—f) and put them in their logical
order.

Going to School
a) W e parted at the school gates, I joined my schoolmates
and my father went o f f . Ours was just a small village
school, with no rooms upstairs at all. There were about

1 to form [fD:m] — формировать

2 a dress sense [,dres'sens] — зд.: чувство стиля
 sixty boys and girls in our school, and their ages went
from five to eleven. W e had four classrooms and four
teachers.
b) The next day was Thursday, and before we set out for
the walk to my school that morning, I went around be-
hind the house and picked two apples
from our tree, one for my father and one
for me.
c) A teacher, called Captain [kasptin] Lan-
caster, taught the nine- and ten-year-olds
and my year too. He was an awful man.
(During the war against Hitler he was a
captain in the army.) He told us to call
him Captain Lancaster instead of just
mister. My father said it was an idiotic
thing to do. Millions of people wanted to forget those
military titles. Captain Lancaster was a violent man, and
we were afraid of him.
d) Miss Birdseye taught the five-year-olds
and six-year-olds, and she was a really
nice person. Mr Corrado took the seven-
year-olds. He was also a decent person.
He was a very old teacher, probably
sixty or more, but that didn't stop him
being in love with Miss Birdseye. W e
knew he was in love with her because
he always gave her the bits of meat at
lunch when it was his turn to do the
serving. And when she smiled at him,
he would smile back in the most ro-
mantic way you can imagine.
e) A t eight o'clock we started walking down the road to
my school in the pale autumn sunshine, eating our ap-
ples. I really loved those morning walks to school with
my father. W e talked practically the whole time. Mostly
it was he who talked and I who listened, and just about
everything he said was interesting. He was a true coun-
tryman and knew a lot about all the trees and the wild-
flowers and the different grasses that grew in the fields.
f ) It is a most wonderful thing to be able to go out and
get your own apples whenever you feel like it. You can
do this only in the autumn, of course, when the fruit is
ripe but all the same how many families are so lucky?
Not one in a thousand, I guess.

1. 2. 3.

4. 5. 6.
Read the text and mark the sentences after it as true (T), false (F) or
not stated (NS).

Sack t o School
The holidays were over. Dave,
Jenny and Debbie met in the
schoolyard.
Dave: W e ' v e got school on
Monday. Yuck!
Jenny: True. I can't believe
that just a few days ago I was
in the mountains in Scotland.
What about you, Dave? You
were somewhere in the sun.
Your face is very brown.
Dave: Yes. I was in Greece
with my parents. It was really
hot there.
Debbie: Were you by the sea?
Dave: Yes, we were. W e stayed at a hotel near the beach.
Jenny: What was it like?
Dave: It was really nice and there was a fantastic open
swimming pool there. I can't tell you what I liked more —
swimming in the sea or in the swimming pool.
Jenny: You must be joking, Dave. Nothing can be better
than swimming in the sea. But Debbie, you didn't tell us
anything about your holidays. What were they like? Where
were you?
Debbie: I spent July with my grandparents in the country-
side. In August I was in Paris together with my cousins.
But we returned in the middle of the month.
Jenny: Why?
Debbie: They go to school in Berlin and they had to be
back there before the 18th August.
Dave: School in August? Yuck.
Debbie: Things do happen. But, honestly speaking, I feel
that I already miss school, and classes and our teachers.
Jenny: So do I. By the way, we are going to have a new
teacher, Miss Richardson.
Dave: Are we? What subject is she going to teach?
Debbie: How interesting! Is she young? WThere is she from?
Jenny: I can't answer all your questions, guys. I don't
know. But I'm sure on Monday we'll find it out.
1. Dave stayed at a five-star hotel in Greece.

2. Jenny enjoyed her holidays in Scotland.

3. Jenny thinks that swimming in the pool

is worse than swimming in the sea.

4. Debbie spent the summer with her parents.

5. Debbie's cousins are pupils of a school

С
in Germany.
3
6. The friends' new teacher will be at school
on Monday.
Read the texts (1—4) and match them with the titles (a—e). There is
one title you don't have to use.
a) Fashion and Climate d) Angry and Surprised
b) Useful Advice e) Positive Changes
c) Not Wanted
1. A f t e r lunch the class received the news about going to
the Victoria and Albert Museum with enthusiasm. I told
them we were going there the following Thursday to-
gether with their biology teacher. Some of the pupils
wanted to know if Miss Jackson really had to come. I
understood that this teacher wasn't their favourite.
2. I soon understood that our classes with the new teacher
were quite different from Mr Florian's lessons. Every
day they were becoming more and more interesting. The
lessons were very informal, we could ask any question
and discussed lots of problems important for us. The
new teacher gave us much more than the textbook infor-
mation.
3. When I began my teaching career, dad told me not to
bring my pupils' works home. "It shows your poor plan-
ning, son," he said. "You'll find soon that you're busy
every night. Teaching is like having a bank account.
You should have new funds or you are in difficulties.
Every teacher should have a fund of ready information
and that means new ideas, new meetings, new discover-
ies, moving around among people."
4. One morning in our geography lesson we discussed the
type of dress people wore in different climatic zones:
Eskimos of Alaska and their dress of animal skins, peo-
ple living in the south and their thin cotton or silk
clothes. Larry said that many people in the tropics put
 very little on and some of them just used a bit of paint
here and there.

1. 2.

4. Extra

III. Speaking

Read the poem with a dictionary and say if you feel the same as its
author. Why is it so or why is it not so? Is there any difference be-
tween what teachers can do and what pupils can do? What do you
feel about it?

Complaint 1
(after A. Ah I berg)
The teachers all sit in the staffroom
The teachers all drink tea
The teachers talk to each other
As cosy as can be.
W e have to go out at playtime
Unless we bring a note
Or it's raining heavily
Or we haven't got a coat.
W e have to do so many things.
Whether we like it or not.
And freeze to death if it's freezing.
And boil to death if it's hot.
The teachers can sit in the staffroom.
And have a nice little chat.
W e have to do so many things;
Where's the fairness 2 in that?
Speak about the system of education in Britain. Mention:
• the age people start schooling;
• the number of school years pupils spend at school;
- stages of education;
• if schooling is private or state, if it is free;
• subjects pupils do at school;
• school uniform;
• school exams.

1 a complaint [kam'pleint] — жалоба

2 fairness ['feanas] — справедливость
Work in pairs. Complete the dialogue. Act it out with your partner.

On Sunday Tracy talked to Betty on the phone.

Tracy: Hi, Betty! (l) What are you do-

ing?
Betty. I'm reading a really good book.

What are you doing?

Tracy: I'm phoning you.

Betty: Very funny, indeed, Tracy. And (2) ?

Tracy: Because I want to ask you to come to my house. Do

you remember we have to make a talk about my mountain

animals in our biology class?

Betty: Good idea! (3) ?

1 'г;:;-} (4) on Tuesday after school?

Bett; Must it be Tuesday? I always help my mum with the

shopping on Tuesdays.

Tracy: What about Wednesday?

No, (5) . I always go to the swimming pool

after school on Wednesdays.

T:*ai-; You can go there (6) . W e have our biology

class on Thursday as far as I know. Betty, I don't think

you like my idea of doing the task together.

Betty. I do. But I don't like to go to

the swimming pool on Saturday.

There are so many people there.

Look, why don't we meet tomorrow?

 Write the names of these things.

1. exercise 2.
book

10. 11. 12.

Complete the sentences with the new words from the box.

backpack, brushes, classmates, dictionary, foreign,

loudly, paints, paper, pencil case, pencil sharpener,
subjects, uniform

1. There are pens and pencils of different colours in my

pencil CQSe. 2. I must look this word up in the

3. Bring and

to your art class. 4. I need some

to write down your address. 5. I carry

my exercise books, textbooks and my daybook to school in

the . 6. Grace is a very good student.

She always has good and excellent marks in all the

. 7. Don't speak so ,

we can hear you well. 8. The students'

in this private school is elegant. 9. How many

languages do you know? 10. All my

are my good friends. 11. How much did

you pay for the ? It's really good. I used

it yesterday, and all my pencils became sharp in no time.

Match the names of the subjects and their definitions.

1. Biology a) the study of numbers and

shapes including algebra, ge-
ometry and arithmetic
3. Mathematics b> t h e subject that gives you
ideas about composers and
4. Physics their works
c) a class in which you exer-
5. Music c i g e y o u r b oc iy

6 Literature ^ science that deals with

energy, studies light,
7. English sound, electricity etc
 8. Computer studies e) the science that studies coun-
tries, their people, climate,
9. Physical Education oceans, rivers, mountains etc
10. Geography f ) the scientific study of living
things
g) the subject that gives you
information about paintings, 15
sculptures etc
h) the subject that gives you
С
information about novels, po-
=3
ems, plays and their authors
i) the study of computers and
the programmes for them
j ) the subject in which they
give you ideas about the of-
ficial language of Britain and
the USA and some other
countries
k) the science which studies ele-
ments of the Earth and liv-
ing things on it, and how
they behave under different
conditions.

1. f _ 2. 3.

4. 5. 6.

7. 8. 9.

10. 11.

Write how many times a week you have these subjects.

1. History 7. English
2. Biology 8. Mathematics
3. Music 9. Russian literature
4. A r t 10. Computer studies
5. Russian 11. Physical Education
6. Physics 12. Geography

l. I have History twice (two times) a week.

 6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

Complete the sentences using the word combinations from the box.

a) piece of cake, b) piece of paper, c) piece of land,

d) piece of music, e) piece of cheese, f ) piece of chalk,
g ) piece of butter, h) piece of meat, i) piece of work

1. Jane is writing with a piece of Chalk on the black-

board. 2. May I have one more

? It is very sweet and

tasty. 3. My parents bought

in the country. They are

going to build a cottage there. 4. There

are no mistakes in your test.

That's a very good

. 5. I would like a

to make a cheeseburger for Johnny. 6. Fred will

need a to draw on. 7. What a

beautiful she is playing!

 17
1. little cheese 9. rubbers

2. glue 10. paper

3. boots 11. butter

4. classes 12. paints

5. rulers 13. brushes

6. juice 14. bread

7. milk 15. water

8. work 16. chalk

Use that or those to complete these phrases.

1. those boots 9. pair of trousers

2. mistakes 10. slippers

3. pair of shoes 11. pair of stockings

4. trainers 12. pair of mittens

5. gloves 13. jeans

6. pair of socks 14. pair of specs

7. scissors 15. spectacles

8. pair of leggings 16. pair of shorts

Choose the appropriate forms of the verbs in brackets to complete the

sentences.

1. Mathematics (was/were) WOS my favourite subject last

year, now physics (is/are) . 2. There (was/were)

 my granny's spectacles on the book she was read-

ing. 3. There (was/were) a pair of shoes in the

hall. 4. Linguistics (is/are) a very interesting sci-

ence. 5. Students should wear uniforms in this school. The

uniforms (is/are) very traditional: black skirts or

trousers, white shirts or blouses and black ties. 6. My

jeans (is/are) a bit too long. 7. His shoes (is/are)

not very clean. 8. His new pair of shoes (is/are)

fairly expensive. 9. Statistics (is/are)

a rather boring subject, as I see it. 10. I need a new pair

of leggings. My old leggings (is/are) very short.

Use the function words from the box to complete the sentences,

at, for, in, of(3), without, to(3), after, over

1. You can't work without a break. You will be too tired.

2. Is Jane going college school? 3. When

are the classes on Friday? 4. I'm going to pay

the chocolate dollars in the duty-free shop.

5. I'm not sure these facts. 6. Something very un-

usual happened Mr Carter when he was walking

through the park the other day. 7. Can you talk

Helen, please? She looks so sad. 8. John says he is tired

your constant lies. 9. what age do children

begin schooling in the USA? 10. W e are fond this

beautiful piece of music.

 Complete the sentences with the appropriate function words.

1. Who paid f o r the dinner? 2. What mark did Jack get

science last Thursday? 3. I don't know what hap-

pened them. 4. Brian became a university student

19
the age of seventeen. 5. What was Lily's mark

the last test? 6. I'm not afraid mice. С

=3
7. Are you sure the answer? 8. I'm going to write

my grandparents the evening. 9. In this

shop you can pay rubles, dollars and

euros. 10. I didn't see Mrs Loveday church

yesterday. 11. W e are tired these boring exercises.

12. Listen me, please.

Complete the sentences with the derivatives of the words on the right.

% 1. W e know little about the system of educa- educate

tion in Canada.

2. Robert is a well-known , jump

a very good one indeed.

3. Little children like to make sandcastles on

I
beaches. sand

4. This is a very rule. use

5. Lizzy felt sad and because happy

she had nobody to play with.

6. People in Europe have Christmas celebrate

s in December.

7. I didn't understand why Greg greeted me

so cold
 8. We didn't know anything about his

of badges. collect

9. The Mississippi is a great and

river in North America. power

20
10. What uniforms these of- beauty

ficers are wearing!

Complete the text using the derivatives of the words on the right.

Soon I understood I began to like my new

school. I didn't feel (1) unhappy any more. happy

A l l my classmates were quite (2) friend
My new (3) s explained the rules teach

and other things (4) well. I could fair

understand everything and very soon I became

really (5) . Practically all the les- success

sons were (6) . Soon I made interest

friends with many girls and boys of my class.

At first I was rather (7) about critic

the clothes they were wearing. I thought their

skirts and jeans were (8) for suitable

school wear but then I understood they wanted

to look (9) from each other and I differ

just ignored their clothes.

Write American English words for these British English nouns.

1. autumn — fail 3. holidays

2. pupil — 4. football
Choose the appropriate verbs in brackets to complete the sentences.

1. People often (say/tell) tell me about their problems.

2. Gwen doesn't (talk/speak) German very well.

3. Mr Brown was (speaking/talking) in front of

the school for half an hour. 4. My classmates and me often

(talk/tell) about our favourite TV shows. 5. Never

(tell/say) lies. 6. Try to (say/tell) the

truth. 7. I don't like physics very much. Everybody (says/

tells) it is a difficult subject, and I agree.

8. Could you (tell/say) us the time, please?

9. Garry (said/told) to me he wanted to visit

the USA. 10. Sam (said/told), "I want to see

Brussels."

Choose the appropriate words in brackets to complete the sentences.

1. I hope I'll talk him (back/into) into learning Chinese.

It is important for his job. 2. Never talk (back/out)

to your parents. 3. The journey to

Australia is very tiring 1 , let's talk him (out of/over)

it. 4. I don't understand what the programme

of his visit is. Let's talk it (out of/over)

5. I know that the expedition will be very dangerous. Let's

talk him (out of/over) taking part

in it. 6. Mike's parents should talk to their son. He always

1 tiring ['taiarir}] — утомительный

 talks (back/over) to his teachers. 7. There is a

very nice and fashionable dress in the local shop. I want to

talk you (into/over) buying it.

Match the sentences (1—8) with the situations where you can use
22 them (a—h).

1. How do you say a) Your lesson began 10 minutes

«точилка» in ago. You open the door and
English? come in. You say...
2. Shall I go to the
b) Your lesson began 10 minutes
blackboard?
ago. You open the door and
3. May I come in?
before entering you ask...
4. What do we have
to do next? c) You are not sure what to do
5. I'm sorry, I'm after you finish your task.
late. You say...
6. May I take my d) You didn't come to biology
seat now? class yesterday. You want
7. I couldn't come to explain to your teacher
to school yester- why. You say...
day. I was un- e) You left the book where teach-
well. ers put your marks at home.
8. I'm sorry, I You say...
haven't got my f ) You are not sure if you should
daybook with me leave your seat or can answer
today. from it. You say...
g ) You are not sure if you can go
back to your seat. You say...
h) You do not know the English
equivalent for some Russian
word. You say...

l. h

5. 6. 7. 8.
You already know some English words with school as the first ele-
ment. Look up in the dictionary what some other words with school
as the first element mean. Write down their meanings in Russian.

1. s c h o o l y a r d — ШКОЛЬНЫЙ ДВОр

2. schoolkid —

3. school friend —

4. school dinner —

5. school room —

6. schoolwork —

7. schoolbook —

8. school time —
How well do you know the English system of education? Complete the
sentences in writing.

1. English pupils start schooling at the age of five.

2. Primary education in England lasts

3. Secondary education in England lasts

4. Pupils in England usually leave school at ,

but some of them stay at school for 2 more years.

5. Most children in England do not go to private schools,

they go to .

6. English schools have no numbers, they

7. Parents do not pay for their children's education

8. English school year never begins

9. In primary schools pupils usually don't wear

but in secondary schools

10. When primary school pupils are eleven, they go to

11. The English school year has terms.

12. Classes are over at

13. Pupils go to school days a week.

14. Pupils in English schools do subjects

a week.

15. Lunch break usually lasts

Complete the text with the appropriate forms of the words on the
right.

It was autumn. The weather became (1) cold- cold

er and the days (2) . Anna dark

(3) to feel very tired. One day begin

she (4) back home from school. walk

Suddenly she (5) she couldn't feel

stand it any longer. (6) work at she

school was getting (7) and not bad

(8) . No matter what she good

(9) there were a lot of do

(10) in her tests and dictations. mistake

Use a/an, the or no article to complete these sentences.

1. T h e school in Apple Street is rather old. 2. My son is

still at school, he is going to college next year.

3. When do you go to bed? 4. My favourite bed in

the country house is bed near the window. 5. Many

families in the USA go to church on Sundays.

6. Many churches are beautiful old buildings. 7. Our

house is opposite Baptist church. 8. Church of

England is very important in Great Britain. 9. On Sundays

I like to spend some time just lying in bed. 10. When

John became ill, they took him to hospital. 11. The

grey low building is not school, it's hospital. q

3
12. Where is Polly? — She is at work. 13. work

they have done is really successful. 14. Nelly goes to school

five days a week. 15. hospital where Doctor Far-

rel works is not very famous.

V. Writing
Describe your first day at school. Write what you did on that day
(8—10 sentences).

/
 Write what you did yesterday before classes, after classes and in class
M (10—12 sentences).

26

С
з
See if you know the right answer2.

1. In 1896, where were the first modern Olympics held?

a) France
b) the United States
c) GrBGCG * *
d) Russia
2. Which is the last letter of the Greek alphabet?
a) alpha
b) beta

^ omega <* P Л 6 О)
3. Which is not one of the five senses?
a) sight
b) touch
c) smell Г I ^ ^
d) speech

4. Who painted The Last Supper?

a) Leonardo da Vinci d) Bellini

b) Michelangelo c) Raphael

1 Use a dictionary for this section

2 See the answers on page 29
 5. Which of these stories did Hans
Christian Andersen write?
a) Red Riding Hood
b) The Ugly Duckling
c) Puss-in-Boots
d) The Boy Who Cried Wolf
28

The right answers are: 1. c, 2. c,

H. Andersen
3. d, 4. a, 5. b.

Here are two jokes mixed up. Put the lines (a—g) in the appropriate
order.
a) "Yes, I did, Doctor, I counted to 362, 493."
b) "Very good, Billy. Who was the boy?"
c) "No. It was time to get up."
d) "Well, Johnny, did you sleep last night? Did you count
sheep?"
e) "Me!"
f ) "On the way to school, a boy fell and everyone laughed.
But I didn't..."
g ) " A n d did you sleep then?"

Joke 1 Joke 2

2.

3.

4.
 U n i t f y j u

The Language of the World

i Listening 29
Listen to what the boy from Norway says about his trip to some Euro-
pean countries, ф (5), and decide which of the facts (1—7) are true С
(T), false (F) or not stated (NS). Z5

iCopenhc
R 1
II
Berlin»

Ж \ л

1. The speaker and his friends are classmates.

2. The three friends are interested in football.

3. The three friends went to Copenhagen

to watch a football match.

4. It took the friends about half an hour

to find the Irish pub.

5. The boys could hardly understand Danish1.

6. The boys enjoyed their trip to Europe.

7. English helped them in all European countries.

1 Danish ['deinif] — датский

Listen, Ф (6), and decide which of the problems (1—5) Gienda Morri-
son, a linguist, doesn't speak about.
1. It's natural for people to have a "lingua franca".

2. Some European languages were a kind

of "lingua franca" at different times.

3. People use English nowadays in different

areas of our lives.

4. If your native language is dying out,

you must try and keep it alive.

5. Some people dislike the fact that English

is becoming the global tongue.

Read the words in transcriptions, then listen and check, ® (7).

['fDbu] [prs'nauns] ['ргоЬэЬН]
['endbs] [vau'kasbjubri] [ju:sbs]
['mirnir)] [faen'taestik] [di'vebp]
['dikjnari] [э:Н] [o:l'redi]
[pri'f3:] [saund] [Ш)]

Read the words, word combinations and sentences, then listen and
check, ф (8).
a) air, already, beginning, borrowing, carry, develop, dis-
like, even, ever, happening, meeting, speechless, chil-
dren, borrow, need
b) fresh air, a French borrowing, an unusual beginning, to
carry a suitcase, to develop slowly, to dislike swimming,
an awful story, to borrow a book, an endless meeting,
a fantastic sound
c) I have just finished doing my homework. Bob has read
a fantastic book. There was a yellow balloon in the air.
Sara has come to an important meeting. Can you pro-
nounce this sound, please? I have taken an English dic-
tionary from the library. They don't know any foreign
languages, so they speak their mother tongue. Could you
follow me? He hasn't read the letter yet. The student
has pronounced the new words slowly.
Read the text and answer the questions after it.

international Summer Camp

My name is Kate and this sum-
mer, in August, I was at the In-
ternational Camp in Germany,
where I studied German. We
lived in a small town of Stein
[stain], which is situated in Ba-
varia [Ьэ'уеэпэ]. W e lived in sin-
gle or double rooms in the build-
ing of the castle. Most of the
day we spent outside, where the
weather was always warm and
sunny.
On the second day the lessons started. My teacher's name
was Norbert, he lived in Bonn. The lessons were never bor-
ing — even when we studied grammar. Norbert always
knew how to turn the rule into a game. Because there were
people from many countries in my group, I was unable to
speak Russian, and that helped my German greatly.
A f t e r school twice a week we had a special project lesson
(for example: I helped to write a newspaper). The rest of
the time we did fun activities. W e did basketball, football,
tennis, karate, learned how to do belly dancing, swam in
the swimming pool, sunbathed, went to discos etc. Whatev-
er we did, it was interesting.
W e also visited the Alps and took in the fresh air. What I
liked most about this trip were the cows, which I've never
seen so close before.
WTe went to big cities twice: first to Salzburg ['saeltsb3:g]
and then to Munich ['mju:mk]. They are really beautiful. In
Salzburg we visited Mozart's house, and in Munich — the
German Museum, the section of space and air travel.
It was really important for me in Stein to talk to people
from other countries. Because you don't often talk to
young foreigners in Moscow, do you? They were from the
USA, England, Wales, France, Spain, Venezuela [yeni'zweib],
Hungary, Morocco, Croatia, Latvia, Lithuania and so on.
But Russians won — 18 of 96 were from our country.
I really liked my journey; I met a lot of interesting and
unforgettable people and probably became a little bit more
daring 1 . I am sure that life in a foreign country makes
people think in a different way. It makes them stronger
and more understanding.

1 daring ['deariq] — отважный

 1. When was Kate at the International Camp?

2. What did she do there?

32

3. Where did the students live?

D

4. What does Kate say about the lessons of German?

5. Why couldn't she speak Russian?

6. How often did they have project lessons?

7. What places in Germany did they visit?

8.Why does Kate says "but Russians won"? What does she

mean?

9. Why did Kate like her journey?

10. In what way has Kate changed?

Read the paragraphs (a—f) of the text and put them in the logical
order.

Learning a Language
a) " N o wonder you can't do your homework," mama said.
"You put it off until you're too tired. You'll never
learn anything if you work like that."
That was exactly what I felt and I began crying. " I do
try," I cried, "but I'm not able to learn French!"
"Of course you can do it," said mama. "Look, if I help
you..." But I shouted, " N o . "
Mama smiled and said, "Well, I don't think you'll be
able to do any homework today. I have to buy some fish
for supper. Come with me and get some fresh air."
b) " A l l right," I said. W e stayed for a while longer because
it was such a pleasant place to be.
"Nice to go out to tea with my daughter," said mama
at last and smiled. I smiled back.
The bill came and we understood there was not enough
money left for fish, but it did not matter.
A f t e r this the work did not seem quite so bad.
c) My name is Anna and I am living now in Paris which is
a beautiful city. W e moved here half a year ago. I go
to a French school and have to learn French. I find it
very difficult. And we usually have a lot of homework
to do each day. History and geography teachers tell us
to learn texts by heart and to write essays, we also do
grammar exercises and all that in a language which
I still don't understand.
d) W e sat down at one of the little tables.
"Look," said mama. " I know it's difficult for you and
I know you're tired. But what can we do? W e ' r e living
in France and you have to learn French."
" I get so tired," I said, "and I'm getting worse instead
of better. I think I'm just one of those people who can't
learn languages."
"That's nonsense, Anna," mama said. "You have done
very well so far. And you will learn French, I know you
will. I'll tell you what we'll do. It's only two months
till Christmas. W i l l you try just once more? If you feel
you still can't manage by Christmas, we'll do something
 about it. I don't quite know what, but I promise you
I'll think of something. All right?"
e) One evening in my room I was looking at my homework
instead of doing it. I thought that my work was getting
worse and worse. In class I often knew the answers, but
it took me so long to translate them into French in my
mind that it was usually too late to give them. I was
really tired of trying. Suddenly mama came and looked
at my exercise book. It was maths. There was only one
word on the page — "Problems," nothing more.
f ) W e walked down the street together without talking.
There was a cake shop next to the fish shop.
" W e ' l l go in here," mama said to my surprise.
" I ' l l have a cup of tea and you can have a cake; then
we'll have a talk."
"Isn't it too expensive?" I asked.
" W e can buy one cake," mama said.

1. С 2. 3.

4. 5. 6.

Read the text and complete it with the phrases (a—f),

a) often last longer than sixty minutes

b) like the air
c) an American linguist
d) except1 on very cold days
e) people create languages
f) and it is not from Guinea2

English Is a Crazy 3 Language

Have you got any problems with English? Does it

sometimes seem too difficult or illogical? Richard Lede-

rer, (1) , writes many inter

- кроме
- Гвинея
- сумасшедший, безумный
esting things about his native language. Here are some

of them.

Let's face it — English is a crazy language, the most luna-

tic of all languages.

35
In the crazy English language, blackboards can be green or

blue, and blackberries1 are green, then red and black only

in the end.

There is no egg in eggplant2, no grape in grapefruit, and

no room in mushroom, neither pine nor apple in pineapple3,

and no ham in hamburger.

In this English tongue a guinea pig is not a pig

(2)
Language is (3) we breathe —

we just use it. But when we take the time to listen to

what we say, we find that hot dogs can be cold and we

can do homework at school. Hours — especially rush

hours — (4) , and most bath-

rooms don't have any baths in them but have showers.

Why is it that a king rules a kingdom but a queen doesn't

rule a queendom?

If the plural of tooth is teeth, shouldn't the plural of

booth4 be beeth?

1 a blackberry ['blaekbari] — ежевика

2 an eggplant ['egpla:nt] — баклажан
3 a pineapple ['painaspl] — ананас
4 a booth [bu:d] — будка
If people make olive, what do they make baby oil from?

If hard is the opposite of soft, why is hardly not opposite

of softly? If harmless actions are the opposite of harmful

actions, why are shameful behaviour and shameless behav-

iour the same? Why are pricey 1 objects less expensive than

priceless ones?

Why is it that the Sun or the Moon or the stars are out,

they are visible 2 , but when the lights are out, they are in-

visible 3 ?

And in what other language can your nose run?

To tell the truth, all languages are a little crazy. That's

because (5) , not computers.

That's why six, seven, eight and nine change to sixty, sev-

enty, eighty and ninety, but two, three, four and five do

not become twonty, threety, fourty and fivety. That's why

we wear a pair of pants but, (6)

not a pair of shirts. That's why when I wind up4 my

watch, I start it, but when I wind up5 a speech or an es-

say6, I end it.

1. 2. 3.

4. 5. 6.

1 pricey ['praisi] — дорогой

2 visible ['vizsbl] — видимый
3 invisible [in'vizsbl] — невидимый
4 to wind up ['waincLvp] — подводить (о часах)
5 to wind up — зд.: заканчивать
6 an essay fesei] — сочинение
Speak about English as a globai language. Use these word combina-
tions.
• can hear English everywhere
• English as a native tongue and
as a foreign language
• learn English at school
• the English-speaking countries
« speak English as their everyday
language
has a lot of borrowings from
other languages
• the words that came from
French and Latin
one of the richest languages of
the world
® the language helping to under-
stand people all over the world

May I ask you

something/

Speak about how English developed. Mention the following:

English in the 16th century (on the British Isles and on
the continent);
the importance of English nowadays;
• people's wish to learn English.

Describe some place you have visited (in Russia or abroad). Mention:
• what place you have visited;
• when it was;
with whom you went there;
• what places of interest you saw;
• what you liked/disliked there;
if you used English during your journey.
Complete the dialogue and act it out in class.

Discussing a Future Career

Charlie: So, Linda, you have decided to

go to university after school, (1) hjQVen't

you?
Linda: Yes. I think that a university is

important nowadays.

C-iarlie: True, especially, if you are cer-

tain about the kind of education you want to get.

•i^. Oh, I'm sure of it. I would like to be a linguist.

So, you are interested in languages, (2)

Linda: Very much so.

Char He: But why (3) ?

Because languages are like living things, they grow

and develop. Some words appear, some disappear. People be-

gin to pronounce old words in different ways. Almost all

languages change. English is also changing.

Charlie: (4) ?

• nda. Yes, I'm going to study it scientifically.

Charlie: (5) ?

I mean that I would like to know when English ap-

peared, and how it has changed, how many people know or

learn it.

Everybody knows the answer to the last question.

Linda: Do they? And (6) ?

People learn it everywhere and speak English all

over the world. It's the global language of our planet.

Comment on these proverbs and sayings.

• You are a person as many times as the number

of languages you know.
• Who does not know another language does not
know his own. (Goethe)1
English is a trap2 for a foreigner.

Spell the words.

1. [tAT)] — tongue 9. [еэ] —

2 . ['kaeri] — 10. [saund] —

3 . [pn'fe:] — 11. [Dil'redi] —

4 . [pra'nauns] — 12. [i:vn] —

5. [spi:lj] — 13. [neva] —

6 . [probabli] — 14. [divebp] —

7. [ f o b u ] — 15. ['aunli] —

8. [greit] — 16. ['eabs] —

Use the new words from the box to complete the sentences.

borrow, develop, even, only, maybe, prefer,

probably, pronounce, speech, vocabulary

1. A r e only children really special? 2. My little cousin can

hardly the sound [g]. 3. Languages like people

are born, change, and can die. 4. I had to

several rubles to pay for the dictionary, the

money I had wasn't enough. 5. If you read a lot, your

1 Goethe [ g3:ta] — Иоганн Вольфганг Гёте (1749—1832), немецкий поэт

2 trap [traep] — ловушка
 becomes larger. 6. Do you

a strong cup of tea to a cup of coffee for breakfast?

7. I'll start learning French next year but

I haven't decided yet. 8. Mr Farrell's at the

opening ceremony was successful. 9. a child

knows that five coloured rings as an Olympic symbol mean

the Earth's continents. 10. yes,

no, rain, snow.

Write American English words for these British nouns.

BrE AmE

1. trousers pants
2. petrol

3. lorry

4. chips

5. cinema

6. film

7. sweets

8. lift

9. biscuit

10. jumper

11. pavement

12. chemist's
Choose the appropriate words in brackets to complete the sentences.

1. There are one thousand five hundred and twenty-eight

pages in Longman (Dictionary/Vocabulary) Dictionary of

the English language. 2. Our physics teacher gave us test

papers and asked us to hand them (in/out) on

Wednesday. 3. Could you hand (in/out) these gifts

to the children after dinner? 4. Mrs Thompson looked

through my notes and handed them (back/out) to

me. 5. "Rebecca, Mr Brian needs a Russian-English diction-

ary. Can you hand it (out/over) .?" 6. Wherever we

go, Paul (borrows/follows) us. 7. The pupil was

not sure (of/from) the word spelling. 8. They have

never been (in/to) Japan. 9. My little cousin al-

ready has the (dictionary/vocabulary) of 50—60

words. 10. The details of the future project are not clear.

Would you like to talk them (in/over) now?

Use the derivatives of the words on the right to complete the sen-
tences.

1. The new show was really colourful and im- colour

pressive.

2. Mr Rogers stood for several sec- speech

onds, he did not know what to simple

say.

3. While reading, Gerald couldn't pronounce

several words correctly and the teacher asked

him to the text. read

 4. "Mike, you shouldn't be that care

when you write s. You have dictate

missed several words again!"

5. Susan Scott is going to become a

42
, she regularly goes to an art paint
С school.
D
6. The sun was shining in the bright

blue sky. cloud

7. Professor Springle had a mixed feel

of joy and sadness at their final meet

8. They are indeed to live on this luck

fantastic island.

9. Mr Pullin saw rows of serious smile

faces in front of him.

10. Robert was a nice boy. friend

Complete the text with the derivatives of the words on the right.

In one of his stories Oscar Wilde said that the

English have (1) really real

everything in common with

(2) s, America

nowadays, except, of course,

language. That was (3) certain

a joke. But

Oscar Wilde speaking

(4) , do the English and the serious

citizens of the USA speak the same language or

(5) languages? Their grammar sys- differ

tems are practically the same, lots of words are

43
the same, but not all of them. The word "home-

ly" in (6) English means Britain

(7) and in American English — please

not very good-looking. There is a whole

(8) of such words. Sometimes the collect

same words have not the same (9) mean

s. For example the verb "to guess" is "to

think" in America. Yet, both the nations speak

the same language — English.

Write out international words from the box.

house, foreigner, play, football, banana,

word, grapefruit, orange, television, hockey, drama, pa-
per, primadonna, tennis, import, again, faucet, cousin,
coffee, medicine, physics, sports, vocabulary, motherland,
language, avocado, book, golf, progress, school, revolu-
tion, tragedy, circus, philosophy, computer, bookcase,
president, Internet

football
Use the following word combinations and write questions to ask your
friends.

if they have ever done it (to paint pictures, to play the

piano, to run a marathon)
• if they have done it this week (to ring their grandpar-
ents, to take some pictures, to visit a picture gallery)
if they have done it this month (to be to the theatre, to
give a talk in English, to begin doing morning exercises)

1. Have you ever painted a picture?

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.
four Qf Write which of these Russian cities you and the members of your fami-
ly have visited and what cities you haven't been to.

ar-

1. Moscow 2. St Petersburg

3. Rostov 4. Vologda

5. Smolensk 6. Omsk

7. Vladivostok 8. Tver
 2.

3.

4.
46
5.

С 6.
3
7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.
Write what Alice could say about these things. Use your Social English.

1. She likes the film very much. — I think the film IS

fantastic.
2. She didn't like the hockey match at all. —

3. She never eats porridge.

4. She never drinks milk.

5. She sometimes watches TV, but not often. Most of the

programmes are not interesting. —

6. She visits rock concerts whenever rock groups give

them. —
Make these sentences negative. Add the word yet to complete them.

1. W e have written Exercise Ten. — We haven't writ-

ten Exercise Ten yet.
2. He has learned the poem by heart. —

3. I have given an apple to my sister. —

4. She has taken the books from Room Six. —

5. You have spoken to your English teacher. —

6. Grace has decided where to go.

7. W e have borrowed some money from my granny. —

8. She has read "Gulliver's Travels". —

9. They have been to the bank. —

10. I have eaten my breakfast. —

1. Look at the pictures and write

'it- a) what countries David has visited

l. David has visited Italy.

2.
49

С
"D

b) to what countries he has not been

3.

=
 с) in what seas he hasn't swum

1.

d) to what rivers and lakes he hasn't swum

Volga Baikal
I 1 I I

1.

2.

3.

e) what dishes he hasn't eaten

borsch blyni sushki

1.

2.

3.

U
f ) what languages he has spoken

French

1.
51

С
3.
Write questions and ask your friend to answer them. You want to
know if he/she:

1. has spoken to his/her maths teacher — Have you Spo-

ken to your maths teacher?
2. has eaten his lunch —

3. has ever fallen from his/her bike —

4. has done his/her homework —

5. has ever swum in the ocean —

6. has begun doing the project —

7. has read " W a r and Peace" by Leo Tolstoy

8. has rung his/her parents —

9. has handed out the test papers —

10. has run the 100-metres race1 —

11. has been to the Bolshoi Theatre —

12. has seen Red Square —

Write questions to the underlined words.

1. I have been to Africa two times. — How many times

have you been to Afпса?

2. Helen has seen some European cities. —

3. George has carried three bags downstairs. —

4. Chris has done his room very well. —

5. They have borrowed a lot of money. —

6. The Browns have moved to a three-room flat because

their old flat is too small. —

7. They have eaten the whole cake. —

8. They have written a very sad letter. —

1 a race [reis] — соревнование по бегу, забег

 Rewrite the sentences using the adverbs in brackets in the appropriate
places.

1. I have used this information in my lectures (never). —

I have never used this information in my lec-

tures.
2. W e have washed our jeans (already). —

3. He has decided to take chicken and rice (just). —

4. He has not planted any flowers (yet). —

5. Have they been to the museum (already)? —

6. Have they spoken to their parents (yet)? —

7. Has Linda seen mountains (ever)? —

8. I have eaten Greek food (never). —

9. You have come back (just). —

10. She has cleaned the windows (already). —

 Look at the pictures and write what they wanted to be as children
and what they have become.
As children They have become
•A-JL

1. Bob
54

С
2. Davis

3. Greg

4. Helen

5. Tracy

6. Robert

7. Alice

8. Steven
1. As a child Bob wanted to be a doctor but he
has become a painter.
2.

55
3.
С
D
4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

Use already or yet to make up questions and write them down.

1. You want to know if your friend has already finished
packing his bag.

You ask: Have you finished packing your bag yet?

2. You can't believe your eyes. Your friend has already
finished packing his bag.

You ask:
3. You ask your sister to wash up after dinner. In ten
minutes you want to know if she has already done it.

You shout from the bedroom:

4. You ask your sister to wash up after dinner and leave.
In ten minutes you come back and see that your sister
 is playing some computer game. You want to know if
she has already washed up.

You ask:
5. Your brother is doing his homework. You know that he
has a lot of exercises to write. In 20 minutes he says
he is going for a walk. You want to know if he has al-
ready done everything.

You ask:
6. Your cousin is cleaning the windows in your country
house. There are 5 windows in it. In half an hour she
sits down in the armchair and begins watching TV. You
want to know if she has cleaned all the windows.

You ask:
7. Your friend is not sure what to take for dinner in the
restaurant. You want to know if she/he has already de-
cided what to take.

You ask:
8. You want to know if your friend has already seen the
new film.

You ask:
9. You are surprised that your friend has so quickly
learned the poem by heart. You want to know if she/he
has already done it.

You ask:
10. You are interested if your parents have already given
the book to your teacher.

You ask:

Look at the table and write what rooms Brenda has done.

Chidren's TV room Dining Kitchen Hall

room room
clean not very clean clean clean
clean
Parents' Sitting Play room Bathroom Father's
bedroom room study
not very clean not very clean clean
clean clean I
1. Brenda has done the children's room.
2.
3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

Use a/an or no article to complete these sentences.

1. I have just read such an interesting book! 2. It is such

clear water! 3. Penguins are such funny animals!

4. Jane has become such good actress! 5. W e have

never been to such expensive restaurant. 6. They have

never seen such tall building. 7. It was such un-

usual meeting. 8. Richard has given me such tasty

sweets. 9. His was such endless speech! 10. It is such

vast territory. 11. You can do nothing with such

children. 12. It is such big money! 13. This is such

helpful information. 14. We are having such

lovely weather today! 15. It is such lovely autumn day!

Complete the dialogues using the verbs in brackets in the appropriate
forms.

1. — You ever (be) to France? — Have you ever been

to France?
— Yes. I

— When you (be) there? — ?

— I (be) there last summer.

 See if you know the right answer1.
1. What does the Greek prefix pyro- mean?
a) fire c) water
60 b) air d) land
2. Wrhat does the Greek prefix aero- mean?
a) air, gas c) more
b) f l y d) none of the above
3. What does the prefix re- mean?
a) to do something twice c) to change what you've done
b) to do something again d) none of the above
4. What does the Greek prefix hyper- mean?
a) too small c) too bright
b) too slow d) too much
5. What does the prefix octo- mean?
a) having ten parts c) having eight parts
b) having nine parts d) having seven parts
The right answers are: 1. a, 2. a, 3. b, 4. d, 5. c.

Here are three jokes mixed up. Put the lines in the appropriate order.
a) "Yes, Dad, I know that. But when he was your age he
was President of the United States."
b) "Ugh! This coffee tastes like soap."
c) "It's so bad, last night they caught a mouse trying to
phone out for a pizza."
d) "That must be tea, the coffee tastes like glue."
e) "You know, my boy, when Lincoln was your age he was
a very good pupil. In fact, he was the best pupil in his
class."
f ) "How's food in your school canteen?"

Joke I Joke 2 Локе 3

1. 1. 1.

2. 2. 2.

See the answers on page 60.

 . U n i t j j j y u u

Some Facts about

the English-Speaking World
i. Listening

Listen to the text about New Zealand, g ) (9), and match its five para-
graphs with their titles (a—f). There is one title you don't have to use.

a) New Zealand Nowadays Tasman Sea

b) Some Pages of the Country's
History
c) Different from All Other
Places of the World
d) The Land of the Ma-
Pacific
ori Ocean
e) Geographical Position of the
Country Stewart
f ) Climate of the Country Island

2. 3.

4. Extra
Listen to the text about Canada, ® (10), and decide which of the fol-
lowing is not mentioned in it.
1. The size of the country.

2. The country's geographical

position.

3. Some animals living on the

territory of the country.

4. A place of natural beauty

in Canada.

5. Some old Indian traditions.

6. The country's two big cities.

 Reading

Read the words in transcriptions, then listen and check, ф О 1 )-

[brcuntf] [in'kredabl] ['vaeli]
[jurka'liptss] [strelj] ['emptij
[la:f] [sa'praizd] [di'zi:z]
[plein] ffrendli] [I'kidna]
['p3:fikt] [фэ'раеп] ['dezat]

Read the geographical names, then listen and check, ф (12).

The U S A Australia
Alaska Canberra
the Appalachians Great Australian Reef
the Colorado Melbourne
the Grand Canyon Perth
the Great Plains Sydney
the Mississippi Uluru Rock
the Niagara Falls
the Rockies
Washington, D.C. China
Texas Japan
Vietnam

Read the words, word combinations and sentences, then listen and
check, ф (13).
a) laughter, flow, womanly, Frenchman, coast, empty, bor-
der, destroy, lately, leaves, ugly, suddenly, emu, chain,
duckbill, journey
b) the border between two countries, a chain of mountains,
situated on the coast, to flow into the ocean, to look
perfect, to stretch as far as the eye can see, a desert is-
land, an empty territory, a journey home, to begin sud-
denly, to my great surprise
c) Lucy wants to have a room of her own. Suddenly we
heard a loud laughter coming from the nearby house.
Our long journey was full of surprises. They have lately
been to Japan with a friendly visit. From the top of the
mountain the valley looks incredible. He liked to look at
autumn leaves when they were falling to the ground. The
children have always wanted to visit the land of koalas
and eucalyptus trees. A n endless desert was stretching in
front of our eyes. They destroyed the old market and
built several houses in its place. Into what sea does this
river flow?
Read the text and complete it with the phrases (a—f).
a) to countries all over the world
b) in warm dry places
c) do not work in factories or on
farms
grow a lot of wheat
are situated mostly in the drier
parts
it is less hot

Australia
Australia is a rich country and life there is good. Where

does its money come from? Sheep, cattle 1 , minerals, wheat,

fruit, and wine are some of the answers.

Sheep have been important since the earliest days. Most

Australian sheep are Spanish merinos. They appeared in

Australia in 1797. Merinos are strong animals and live hap-

pily (1) . Now twenty per cent of the world's sheep

live in Australia, mainly in the states New South Wales

and Victoria. Twenty-five per cent of the world's wool

comes from there.

Cattle stations (2) of the north and centre. The

meat from Australian cattle goes (3)

Gold made Australia rich in the 19th century. The country

also has oil, silver and other minerals. They bring lots of

money. But digging for minerals often destroys the land.

The states Western Australia and New South Wales

(4) . They sell it to the USA, China and Japan.

Australia grows other kinds of food too. In Queensland, the

1 cattle ['kaetl] — рогатый скот

state in the east of the country, they grow bananas. Fur-

ther south, where (5) , apples appear. And in re-

cent years Australia has been making very good wine too.

But Australia is like many other modern countries, because

now most of its workers (6) . Two-thirds of them

work in shops, offices, banks or schools.

1. 2. 3.

4. 5. 6.

Read the paragraphs of the text (a—e) and put them in the logical
order.

M. Twain

Father of the Waters

a) Mark Twain was in love with the great river. He even
took his pen name from the call of the men on the
boats. They cried "mark twain" when they wanted to say
that the river was deep enough for their boats and safe
for sailing. Now we can still see steamboats on the Mis-
sissippi River. They look very much like the steamboats
in the pictures of Mark Twain's books.
b) A lot of big and important American cities are situated
on the Mississippi's banks. Memphis, the third largest
city in the country, is one of them. Thousands of tour-
ists come here to visit Elvis Presley's home. Elvis Pres-
ley was one of the icons of the 20th century. He made
rock'n'roll music very popular. The musician died in
 1977, but there are people who still call him the greatest
rock singer of all time.
c) Hannibal is a lot smaller than Memphis. In fact, it is
just a little town on the Mississippi River, but its name
is familiar to Americans and people in other countries.
Young Sam Clemens (Mark Twain) lived here from 1844
till 1853. He copied many of his characters from the
boys and girls he knew when he was a child. Mark
Twain's house is now a museum, and across the street is
the house of his sweetheart, Laura Hawkins. She became
the model for Becky Thatcher in his famous book about
Tom Sawyer and his adventures.
d) A f t e r travelling all the way through the United States
the great Mississippi ends in the Gulf of Mexico. This is
the place where New Orleans ['э:Нэпг] is situated. This
city is the home of jazz music and one of the most in-
credible places in the US. First it was a French city.
French culture is still here — in the style of cooking,
old buildings and some traditions. In New Orleans they
still celebrate the old French festival of Mardi Gras.
During this spring festival people dress in beautiful cos-
tumes, sing and dance in the streets.
e) The Mississippi River is the most important river in the
United States. Its name means "Father of the Waters".
Native Americans gave the river this name long, long
ago. The name shows their respect for the great size and
the power of the river. The Mississippi is 3,778 km long
and flows from the US state of Minnesota to the Gulf of
Mexico. In the place where the river begins it is so nar-
row that you can walk across it in 15 steps. But its wa-
ter is very clear and cold. By and by the river becomes
wider and more powerful.

1. 2. 3.

4. 5. 6.

Read the text and mark the sentences after it as true (T), false (F) or
not stated (NS).

Jackson Hole
Jackson Hole is a beautiful valley situated in the state of
Wyoming, USA. The place got its name from David Jack-
son, a traveller and a hunter, who once lived there. His
friends called it Jackson Hole because it really looked like
a hole in the middle of the mountains.
Jackson Hole is a popular holiday place. In summer
months, people go there to walk in the mountains, ride
horses, go fishing and boating on the rivers and lakes.
Many visitors cross the valley in boats on the Snake River.
It turns from side to side, like a snake. The water in the
river moves very fast and you have to be brave to travel
on it.
Jackson Hole still keeps its Old West traditions. There are
shops with cowboy hats and boots and cafes which look like
saloons of the American West. Holidaymakers can ride
horses or go to a rodeo [rau dei] to see traditional competi-
tions. The rodeo usually begins with a parade of cowboys
and horses. Then comes the competition. Riders try to stay
on a wild animal for eight seconds. They also ride wild
horses and large bulls [bulz]. The animals try to throw the
cowboys to the ground. The riders try not to fall o f f . An-
other thing that cowboys do is throwing a rope around a
young cow's legs. The cowboy who does this in the shortest
time wins.
People come to Jackson Hole from all over the world to en-
joy the best of cowboy and mountain culture.
1. It was David Jackson who gave the valley its name.

2. There are a lot of things people can enjoy doing in

Jackson Hole.

3. The Snake River is the longest in Wyoming.

4. It is easy to sail along the Snake River.

5. Horses help people to win in a rodeo.

6. Visitors from abroad come to Jackson Hole for

holidays.

Speak about the USA. Mention:

• the country's geographical posi-
tion;
•> the country's relief (mountains,
plains, lakes and rivers);
the climate;
• some places of interest;
 • some cities (including New York and Washington, D.C.);
• people and their traditions.
Speak about Australia. Mention:
• the country's geographical posi-
tion;
the climate and nature in dif-
ferent parts of the country;
• some places of interest in Aus-
tralia;
• the Australian Aborigines;
• some cities (including Canber-
ra);
• some of Australian curious birds and animals.
Work in pairs. Make up a dialogue and act it out.
ж You and your good friend have won at the city contest of
photographs. Your prize is a trip to the USA or Austra-
lia. You have to decide which of the two countries to
choose. Both of you are interested in taking pictures of
natural objects and want to travel together. Talk about
where to go. Give different arguments. Try to come to
some decision.

Complete the dialogue and act it out.

A- My greatest wish is to see the world, I'd like to go
travelling.

B: Really? (1)

A : To some English-speaking country. I've already heard a

lot about them, so I'd like to see them with my own eyes.

B: It's a very good idea. (2)

A : I think I'll go to Australia first.

B: (3) _

A: Because it is such an unusual country.

Say as much as you can about the places of interest in English-speak-
[M] ing countries.

Comment on the following proverbs.

Ж A thing of beauty is a joy for ever.
• So many countries, so many customs.
Spell these words.

1. [bra:nd — branch 9. [aun] —

2. [kaust] — 10. [plein] —

3. [di'z3:t] — 11. [ ! sevral] —

4 . [di zi:z] — 12. ['sAdnli] —

5. [ju:ka'liptas] — 13. [sa'praiz] —

6 . [dprni] — 14. [Vaeli] —

7. [li:vz] — 15. ['AflU] -

8. [ W t a ] —

Complete the sentences with the derivatives of the words on the right.

1. Doing sport gives you a shapely body shape

and a lot of energy.

2. That day Anna looked in her love

new light blue dress.

3. Have you ever tried real tea? China

4. The place where we arrived was

beautiful. incredible

5. To fight with girls is not man

6. paintings look very different Japan
from Europe
7. The woman had a face and kind
the children decided to ask her for help.

8. Mark Twain is one of the most popular

writers. America
 9. This mighty river flows slow

through the plain.

10. The Sea is a part of the Norway

Arctic Ocean.
69
Complete the text with the derivatives of the words on the right.

The early (1) Europeans in America lived Europe

on the East Coast. To the west, behind the r+

line they called the "Frontier", the land was w

full of (2) dangers. know

It was the land of (3) s, or Na- India

tive Americans. The pioneers moved farther

and farther west until they reached the Pa-

cific Ocean and the frontier was there no

longer. But the idea of the land of

(4) cowboys and brave man

(5) s became part of the hunt

(6) dream. A lot of people America

still believe that if you are strong and

(7) , you can go to the land of skill

(8) plains and (9) end, rock

mountains and find your (10) happy

there.

These sentences have factual mistakes. Rewrite the sentences to make

them correct.

1. Washington, D.C. is a city of skyscrapers. — New

York is a city of skyscrapers.

2. The aborigines are the native people of America. —

3. Most of Australians live in the north of the country. —

4. The Grand Canyon is situated in the Appalachian Moun-

tains. —

5. New York is the capital of the USA. —

6. Sydney is the capital of Australia. —

7. One of the Australian animals whose babies come from

eggs is a koala. —

8. The USA borders on Canada in the south and on Mexico

in the north. —

9. Death Valley is the lowest and the coldest place in the

USA. —

10. One of the most beautiful things you can see on the

Great Plains of the US is the Uluru Rock. —

Complete the sentences with the appropriate function words.

1. Yesterday our teacher gave o u t some pictures and asked

us to describe them in English. 2. the southeast Rus-

sia borders China. 3. W e all laughed the funny

71
cartoon. 4. Young children must travel only the back
<Z
of the car. 5. I know how difficult it is to do sport but, Z5

please, don't give . Sport is good your health.

6. When I asked my question, he looked me sur-

prise. 7. The secret room was situated the back of the

house. 8. I took out the key but my surprise the door

was open. 9. The Mississippi River flows the Gulf of

Mexico. 10. I always give books . to the library

time.

Choose the correct words to complete the sentences.

1. Many rivers (fly/flow) flow into the Pacific Ocean.

2. The volcano lava (flew/flowed) down

the hill. 3. The beautiful birds (were flying/ were flowing)

over the water. 4. They (flew/flowed)

to Sydney early in the morning. 5. (May-

be/May be) we can listen to this song

again, it's lovely. 6. They (maybe/may be)

the most friendly people I've ever met. 7. Jane says she

(maybe/may be) a little late for the begin-

ning of the show. 8. (Maybe/May be) the

story will surprise you but everything I'm going to say is

true.

Match the words in the two columns and use the word combinations
to complete the sentences.

1. incredible j a) road incredible journey

2. great b) coast

3. laughed c) surprised

4. several d) journey

5. pleasantly e) loudly

6. southeast f ) leaves

7. lonely g ) surprise

8. autumn h) times

1. W e went to East Africa and, believe me, it was an in-

Credible journey. 2. They lived on the

of Florida enjoying the sunshine and the ocean.

3. They brought some colourful

from the park to decorate the living room. 4. When I

showed Colin my pictures, he but

said nothing. 5. To my they gave

us everything we asked for. 6. Everyone feels uncomfort-

able on a at night. 7. I've seen

this film , it's one of my favou-

rite. 8. They were to find that

the hotel was so comfortable.

Use the definite article with the geographical names where necessary.

1. t h e Appalachian Mountains 9. Lake Badwater

2. Potomac River 10. Alaska

3. Melbourne 11. Uluru Rock

4. Grand Canyon 12. USA

5. Hawaii 13. Australia

6. Sahara Desert 14. Death Valley

7. Rockies 15. Atlantic Ocean

8. Colorado River

Complete the text with the articles a or the where necessary.

(1) T h e Dead Sea is really not (2) sea at all,

but (3) salty lake. It's nine times saltier than

the ocean. (4) Dead Sea is three million years

old. There is no life in (5) Dead Sea: its water

is too salty for (6) fish or (7) plants

to live. (8) Dead Sea is (9) lowest

place on earth. It's very deep. Its depth is 378 metres. Salt

crystals are everywhere on (10) shore, they look

like (11) ice. Water flows into (12)

Dead Sea from several rivers, but does not flow out.

(13) climate of this territory is sunny and

dry. It has 330 full days of (14) sunshine

(15) year.
fish. 8. It (got/has got) dark about an

hour ago. It's time to go home. 9. The other day we sud-

denly (found/have found) the museum we

wanted to visit. 10. Mary (just had/has just had)

her lunch, she isn't hungry any more.

Use the verbs in brackets in the right tenses — past simple or present
perfect.

1. I (meet) met Linda just now. She was talking to our

teacher. 2. It's the second time Sally (read)

this story. She likes it a lot. 3. Jason

(buy) a new dictionary the other day. He

is already using it. 4. Colin (just break)

his bike. That's why he looks so sad. 5. My sister (eat)

Chinese food several times, but I (never

do) it. 6. It's the first time he (spend)

a month at the sea. He loved it. 7. The

other day we (find) a lovely cafe and

(have) tea there. 8. Some years ago the

family (have) a small cottage at the sea-

side. 9. The children (already leave) home,

they are on their way to school. 10. My friend (send)

me several e-mails today. 11. That day

they (hear) the good news and (go)

home at once. 12. Sam (not tell)

us about his plans yet. I think he'll do it later.

Complete the sentences with gone or been.

1. Where is your grandad? — He

has just gone to visit his friend.

2. They haven't to

Australia yet, they are planning to

go there in the spring. 3. Where has Anna ?

— I don't know. She may be in the market. 4. They've

just to Hawaii. Ask them about the place.

5. Has she ever to an English-speaking coun-

try? 6. My brother isn't at home. He's to the

swimming pool. 7. A l l my classmates have to

the Pushkin Museum, but I haven't. 8. Luke has just

out. Please call him back later. 9. The family

has abroad on holiday. They'll be back home

in September. 10. Have you ever to Lake Bai-

kal? You should go there one day.

Use the articles a/an or the to complete the sentences.

1. Among the tourists there was a Canadian and two

Americans. The Canadian spoke English and French.

2. Japanese are a very hard-working nation. 3. He

was Englishman but lived in Spain most of his life.

4. The say that French know a lot about good food

and cooking. 5. Is your friend Chinese? — No, she is

Vietnamese. 6, Chinese have a very interesting

old culture. 7. Mike was Australian but everybody

thought that he was American. 8. He said he was

German, not Austrian.

Complete the sentences as in the example.

77
1. Most of t h e AtTiZncanS live in America and speak Eng-

lish. 2. Most of live in Germany and

speak 3. Most of live in

England and speak . 4. Most of

live in and speak Norwegian.

5. Most of live in and

speak Japanese. 6. Most of the British people live in

and speak 7. Most of

the Italians live in and speak

8. Most of live in Rus-

sia and speak . 9. Most of

live in and speak Vietnamese. 10. Most of

the Australians live in and speak

Complete the sentences with the appropriate forms of the words on

the right.
1. It is the first time James has been one, be
abroad. Let's ask him what he feels.

2. Autumn has come. The are leaf

beginning to fall off the trees.

3. It is the building I've ever incredible

seen.
 4. Where are the Wilsons? They spend

their holidays at the seaside.

5. This time Jane's laughter was kindly

than before.

6. When I saw James last, he read

his favourite book.

7. My friend is Kate, but I good

love Anna and Nina too.

8. Melbourne was the city they three

visited in Australia.

9. My cousin is learning , he China

can already say a few phrases in it.

10. Oslo is the capital, it's a Norway

great place to visit.

Complete the text with the appropriate forms of the words on the
right.

The Maori people are the

original people of New

Zealand where they settled

about 1000 years ago.

When Captain Cook and

his (1) men arrived in New Zealand in man

1642, they (2) there tall, strong meet

people with brown skin and tattooed bodies.

They were (3) hunters and sol- good

diers than the Europeans but they were also

warm and friendly people. They lived in

wooden houses and had wooden boats. They

(4) birds and (5) catch, fish

79
and (6) sweet potatoes for food. grow

The Europeans (7) guns, ciga- bring С

=3
rettes and diseases that were new to the

Maori, and many of (8) died. they

Today, most Maori (9) their change

lifestyle but Maori culture is still very

strong. Many schools teach Maori language

and train the children in the ways of (10)

grandfathers. they

V. Writing

Read the text "The Lion Country" and write 10 questions you would
like to ask to know more about the country.

2 he Lion Country
The Republic of Singapore [(siija'pD:] is a small island nation
in Southeast Asia. Singapore is also the name of the coun-
try's biggest island and its capital city. A legend says that
a prince named the island Singapura, meaning "lion city",
because he thought he saw a lion there.
 6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

Your friend has just come back from Australia. Write 10 questions you
may ask him/her.

1. You want to know if he/she liked the country. — Did

you like Australia?

2. You want to ask what places he/she visited and if he/

she liked them. —

3. You are interested in what the weather was like at the

time of his/her visit. —

4. You'd like to know what Australian birds and animals

he/she saw. —

5. You want to ask if the people were friendly. —

 6. It is also interesting to know if he/she met any native

Australians and what they were like. —

7. You'd like to know if Australian English is very differ-

ent from British English. —

8.

9.

10.

Write a letter or an e-mail to your pen friend. Explain to him/her why

it is important for people from different countries to know each other
better.
See if you know the right answer1.
1. What causes a volcano to erupt?
a) magma b) water
c) dust d) none of the above

2. WThich holiday in the US do they celebrate on the fourth

Thursday of November?
a) Thanksgiving Day b) New Year's Day
c) Christmas Day d) Flag Day

3. Which is the second largest ocean in the world?

a) Pacific b) Atlantic
c) Indian d) Arctic

4. Who explored the South Pacific in the 1700s?

a) Magellan b) Christopher Columbus
c) James Cook d) Roald Amundsen

5. Where is Grand Canyon National Park?

a) Texas b) California
c) Arizona d) Florida
The right answers are: 1. a, 2. a, 3. b, 4. c, 5. c.

Here are three jokes mixed up. Put the lines in the appropriate order.
a) "Yes, sir, they're not very good swimmers."
b) "Well just eat the cheese and leave the holes on the side
of your plate."
c) "Sit down, sir — we serve anyone."
d) "Waiter, there's a dead beetle in my soup."
e) "Waiter, do you serve crabs?"
f ) " I don't like cheese with holes."

Joke 1 Joke 2 Joke 3

1. 1. 1.

2» 2, 2%

1 See the answers on page 82.

 Unit j - ^ i J j 1

Living Things Around Us

83
I. Listening
С
Listen to the text about New Zealand, ® (14), and decide which of =5
the facts (1—6) are true (T), false (F) or not stated (NS).
1. The kauri1 is the main
material to build houses
in New Zealand.

2. Kauri trees grow in North

Island. •
3. There are a lot of wooden
houses in Wellington.

4. A l l kauri trees have names.

5. The kakapo parrot lives only

in New Zealand.

6. The kakapo parrot weighs more than any other bird

in New Zealand.

Listen, ф (15), and decide which of the facts is not stated in the text.
Ж
1. Kiwi birds are not very
big birds.

2. For a long time kiwi birds

did not have any enemies
on the land where they lived.

3. Kiwi birds are disappearing.

4. The kiwi is the bird that is the symbol of New

Zealand.

1 the kauri ['kauari] — название известного новозеландского вида деревьев

5. It is not easy to see kiwi birds because of their
colour.
6. It is possible to say that kiwi birds are night
birds.

Read the words in transcriptions, then listen and check, ф (16).

[bri:6] [twin] ['simib]

fbreikabl] [in'klurdir)] [sa'port]
['kjuariss] [ds'mestik] ['rebtiv]
[I'spejali] ['murvabl] ['speijas]
['rein(fDrist] [,saian'tifik] [haid]

Read the names of animals and plants and the word combinations
with them, then listen and check, ф (17).
a) an ape, a beetle, a blackbird, a butterfly, a monkey,
a caterpillar, a dragonfly, an insect, a ladybird, a lizard,
a magpie, a nightingale
b) a strong ostrich, a wise owl, a funny penguin, a white-
and-brown pigeon, a tiny robin, a noisy seagull, a long
snake, a grey starling, a fast swallow, a hard-working
woodpecker, a white moth
c) a beech, a bluebell, a daffodil, an elm, a lily, a water
lily, an oak, a pine, a shamrock, a sunflower, a thistle
d) a tall beech, an old pine, a fantastic lily, a wonderful
bluebell, a strong oak, a water lily in the pond, spring
yellow daffodils, tall elms in the forest, under the pine,
sunflowers in the field

Read the words, word combinations and sentences, then listen and
check, ® (18).
a) another, human, close, enjoyable, everyone, fur, hide, in-
cluding, similar, someone, soil, species
b) a twin brother, to be close to the relatives, to be curious
about plants growing in rainforests, including insects, es-
pecially domestic animals, common birds, similar prob-
lems, a spacious office, to breathe in deeply, an unusual
species
c) He has paid for all of us. W e have never had anything
in common. Pirate Jack has hidden the money, no one
will be able to find it. Different species of animals live
in rainforests. Her parents supported her till she was
 twenty-one. A narrow river flows down this beautiful
valley. W e have been to Canada but never to any other
English-speaking countries.
Read the text and mark the sentences after it as true (T), false (F) or
not stated (NS).

Charles Darwim How It A l l Begars

A t the age of 19, Charles Darwin went to Cambridge Uni-
versity to study religion, but he didn't like it. He didn't
spend much time on books, what he loved to do was col-
lecting beetles.
Finally, something happened to Charles that changed his
life. A friend invited him on an expedition on his ship the
Beagle. Without any clear idea about what he wanted to do
with his life, Charles joined the expedition.
The voyage began on the 27th of December, 1831. It was
a five-year expedition to incredible faraway places. Charles
was not really a scientist and he felt terribly seasick but
he still had a wonderful time on his voyage. He had
a great chance to study lots of plants and animals.
When the Beagle arrived at the Cape Verde [v3:d] Islands
in the Atlantic Ocean, Charles saw a tropical forest for the
first time in his life. And he was surprised by the great
number and variety of animal species. He started to collect
butterflies, spiders, beetles, shells — he loved everything.
Charles decided to become a scientist.
Three years later, in 1935, the Beagle landed at the Gala-
pagos [galaspsgss] Islands where Charles saw giant tortoises
and other interesting animals. Charles found that each of
the islands had its own kind of tortoise. The animals on
different islands were a little different. Charles thought
that it was strange. A t that time people believed that every
animal species looked the way God made it.
Darwin came home from his five-year adventure and began
working hard. So much to do, so many questions to an-
swer. He later said that the two years after his voyage
were the busiest in his life. Charles started writing a book.
He also started to think about the Galapagos animals and
what he called the "transmutation of species", the slow
changing of one species into another. Now we call it "evo-
lution".
1. Darwin was not a good university student.
2. Darwin knew why he wanted to go on the
expedition.
I
3. Darwin enjoyed the expedition.
4. When Darwin arrived at the Galapagos Islands,
he already knew what he wanted to do
professionally.

5. In London Darwin began to collect material for

his book.

6. Darwin never used the word "evolution".

Read the texts (1—6) and match them with the titles (a—f). There is
one title you don't have to use.
a) People's Relatives
b) They Are Fairly Different
c) Important Part of the Body
d) Origin of the Name
e) The Best-known Species
f) Their Habits
1. The word lemur [!И:шэ] comes from the Latin word
meaning "a ghost". Perhaps this is because they move
about silently at night and have large mysterious eyes.
2. Lemurs have lived on the planet Earth for a very long
time, but you can find them only in two places on the
island Madagascar (millions of years ago, the island of
Madagascar broke away from the continent of A f r i c a )
and the nearby Comori Islands.
3. Some people think that lemurs belong to the family of
squirrels or cats. But the truth is, they are more close
to us, humans. They are primates.
4. Lemurs have big, bushy tails that wave in the air as a
form of communication. These big tails also help them
balance when they jump from tree to tree. But lemurs
don't hang from trees by their tails, as some monkeys
do. Some species of the lemur have longer tails than their
bodies.
5. There are many kinds of lemurs. They come in different
colours and sizes. The smallest species weighs only 30
grams. The largest species weighs 10 kilograms. In the
past there were also very large lemurs which weighed
240 kilograms, but they have all died out.
6. Lemurs live and move about in groups. They like to sleep
during the day and are active during the night. They eat
nuts, fruits and berries. Sometimes they also eat insects.

1. 2. 3.

4. 5. Extra
8 Read the text and answer the questions after it.

Gerald c-wrrei: the Friend of AH Animals

Gerald Durrel, a popular British writer and the author of
brilliant books about animals, was born in India in
1925. His mother often joked that his first word was "zoo".
When he was three years old, his family moved to Eng-
land, then to the Greek island of Corfu — to get away
from the terrible English weather. With his mother, his
sister Margo, and his brothers, Leslie and Larry, Gerald CI
spent five years on the island. That was the start of his D
long career as an animal expert.
They lived in an old villa. One day Gerald found a big
scorpion in the garden wall. The scorpion had lots of light
brown babies on her back. He put them into a matchbox
and hurried home. It was time for lunch, so Gerald put the
matchbox on the shelf... He began his meal, and forgot
about his new pets. He suddenly remembered about them
when he heard a noise from the sitting room. He ran there
and saw his brother Larry with an open matchbox in his
hand. And the scorpions were free!
Larry shouted "Help!", the Durrels' dog went wild and the
servant dropped a plate. The scorpion and her babies ran
all over the room. Gerald had to catch them with a tea-
spoon, and put them back in the garden wall.
In 1939, the Durrels moved back to London because of the
war. A t the end of the war Gerald got a job in Whipsnade
Zoo where he started looking after the lions and other ani-
mals.
On his 21st birthday Gerald decided to go on expeditions to
collect wild animals for British zoos.
Back home in England he kept a lot of animals — mon-
keys, squirrels, frogs and others — in his sister's garden.
Gerald's brother Larry asked him to write about his jour-
neys and voyages to different places. This is how Gerald
Durrel became a famous writer. The title of one of his
most famous books is "My Family and Other Animals".

Questions

1. When and where was Gerald Durrel born? —

2. How many brothers and sisters did he have?

3. When did he first come to England?

4. Why did the family move to Greece? —

5. How long did Gerald live on Corfu? —

6. What did Gerald find in the garden wall one day? —

7. Why did his brother Larry shout when he opened the

matchbox? —

8. When did the Durrels go back to England? —

9. Why did they do it? —

10. How did Gerald begin writing books? —

111= Speaking • ««^^eess»

A. Read the poem. What is its message?

The Wayfarer 1
The beauty of the world has made me sad.
This beauty that will pass;
Sometimes my heart has shaken with great joy
To see a leaping2 squirrel in a tree,
Or a red ladybird upon a leaf,

1 a wayfarer ['wei.feara] — путник, странник

2 to leap [li:p] — прыгать, перескакивать
 Or little rabbits in a field at eve-
ning,
Lit by a slanting 1 sun.

And then my heart has told me:

These will pass,
Will pass and change, will die and
be no more,
Things bright and green, things young and happy;
And I have gone upon my way
Sorrowful 2 .
Pddraic Pearse3
B. Work in pairs. Discuss the poem. Consider the following:
• feelings the poet has and why he has them;
• the three types of wild animals which have given him
joy;
• the things the poet's heart has told him;
• if the lines in the poem rhyme 4 , if it is always impor-
tant;
• if you sometimes feel the same.
Speak about flora and fauna of the place where you live. Say:
^^ • in what part of Russia you live;
• what weather is typical of this place in winter and in
& summer;
• what plants, trees and flowers grow there;
what wild birds and other animals live there;
• what people do and should do to protect 5 the flora and
fauna in your area.
Work in pairs. Complete the dialogue and act it out.

The Pet
Honald: Have you got a pet, Phil?
Phil: (1) Yes. I have. It's a dog.
Donald: What is its name? How old is it?

1 slanting ['slarntirj] — клонящееся к закату

2 sorrowful [ sDraofl] — печальный, горестный
3 Padraic Pearse (1879—1916) was an Irish teacher, barrister, poet, writer,
and political activist who was one of the leaders of the Easter Rising in
1916. Following his execution along with fifteen other leaders, Pearse саше
to be seen by many as the embodiment of the rebellion.
4 to rhyme [raim] — рифмоваться
5 to protect [pra'tekt] — защищать
 Phil: (2)

Donald: So, it's a grown-up dog, not a puppy. (3)

Phil: I've had Pirate since he was born, for five years al-
ready. It's a pleasure to have a dog and a great responsi-
90
bility 1 too.
С
Donald: (4) ?
3
Phil: I mean that you must look after your pet, feed him
regularly, take the dog out, play with him and train him.

Donald: (5) ?
PhiL I do. I regularly take Pirate to the vet, usually twice
a year. Dogs may have health problems and it's important
to keep them fit.
Comment on these proverbs. Can you find their Russian equivalents?
• Birds of a feather flock together.
A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.
An eariy bird catches the worm.

Use of English
Spell the words.

1. [bri:5] — breathe 9. ['ostritf] —

2. ['kjuarias] — 10. ['rebtiv] —

3. [I'spejli] — 11. finsekt] —

4. [,saian'tifik] — 12. ['кшпэп] —

5. ['simila] — 13. [sa'po:t] —

6. fspi:Ji:z] — 14. ['ргфэп] —

7. [in'klurdirj] — 15. ['naitirjgeil] -

8. ['hju:man] — 16. [wud] —

1 responsibility [r^spDnss bilsti] — ответственность

т

Correct the names under the pictures where necessary.

1. poppy 2. tulip 3. elm

daffodil

4
oak 5. bluebell 6. shamrock

10. fir 11. beech 12. lily of the valley

Complete the sentences with the new words from the box.

especially, similar, shamrock, breathe(2), close,

scientific, hidden, curious, species, included, humans,
relative, bluebell

1. A clover leaf with three parts is a shamrock. It is an

emblem of Ireland. 2. A is not a bell of

blue colour, it is a flower. 3. I came to my doctor. He

asked me to in and then to

out through the nose. He wanted to listen to my heart and

lungs. 4. Where have you my keys? W h y

have you done it? 5. Be careful when you

cross the street here. It's a dangerous place. 6. Rodger, is

Uncle Harry your _ ? 7. Although the girls

were not twins, their shoes and dresses looked

8. Everyone was about

the new student. 9. Men, women and children are

10. Do wolves and dogs belong to the

same of animals? 11. W e

not only our relatives but some of our

friends on the list of guests. 12. A l l of the pupils have to

do experiments in Chemistry classes.

Write the names of
1. f i v e (or more) animals of white colour
 hare (in winter),

2. five (or more) flowers of white colour

3. f i v e (or more) insects that can be black

4. five (or more) birds or animals that are grey

5. two (or more) animals that change their colour

 Use the appropriate function words from the box to complete the sen-
tences.

up, out(2), for, o f f , from, behind,

till, about, to, in

1. My sister and me have always been very close t o each

other.

2. He is really ill. He has been breathing coal

dust1 for many years.

3. It's now very common young people to use gad-

gets wherever possible.

4. Mrs Wilson prefers to hide sad news her nu-

merous relatives.

5. Johnny, do you think you have hidden the

door? I can see you very well, dear.

6. How long is she going to support her children? — I

think they should begin working.

7. I have always been curious plants and animals

that live and grow in the ocean.

8. The doctor asked me not to breathe for several seconds

and then to breathe

9. Actors usually make before going on stage.

10. He is too far away. 1 can't make what he is

saying.

11. I wanted to speak to Mr Stevenson but he made

when he saw me.

1 coal dust — угольная пыль

 A. Form adjectives with the suffix -able from the words below.
I. V e r b + a b l e = Adjective II. Noun+аЫе = Adjective

1. break — breakable 1. fashion —

2. enjoy — 2. comfort —

3. read — 3. knowledge — 95

4. move* — 4. pleasure* — С
15
5. understand - 5. honour* —

6. imagine* — 6. value* —

7. wash* — 7. memory* —

8. compare* — 8. reason* —

9. advise* —

10. suit* —

Look up the words with the * symbol in the dictionary. Have you
written the words correctly? If not, correct them. Write what the
meanings of these words are.

Write what the meanings of these words are.

1. imaginable — 6. pleasurable

2. washable — 7. honourable

3. comparable — 8. valuable —

4. advisable — 9. memorable

5. suitable — 10. reasonable -

Use 12 different words from exercise 18 and write б word combina-
tions and б sentences with them.
 9.

10.

11.

Use the derivatives of the words on the right to complete the sentences.

1. Ostriches' powerful legs are by far the power

biggest of any bird and can be over
1.2 m long.
2. Long ago my father taught me the names
of all the trees and wildflowers and the
grasses that grow in the differ
fields.
3. My father told me that a nest with eggs

in it was one of the most beauty

things in the world.

4. Once I found a nightingale's nest with

97
six small eggs in a grass
С
place in the middle of the field. I thought =5

it was and of danger,

the bird to build its nest on the ground. care

But they always do it.

5. During my early years I never had a mo-

ment's or unhappy,

6. The where we lived was ill; build

far from the part of the centre

town.

7. Once on a day in winter snow

I saw a white hare running quick

in front of me.

8. My father was the most wonder

and father any boy ever excite

had. He was a wildly fun

person. And he was a fantastic storytell-

er. My favourite story was "The Big

Giant", or "The BFG for friend

short'
 9. I spent an morning in enjoy

the forest watching birds and listening

to their singing.

10. Be , dear, the vase care

you're holding is break

Use the derivatives of the words on the right to complete the text.

Dogs and fish make (1) fantCES- fantasy

tie pets. They have something

in common but they are quite

(2) . Both are (3 differ

animals to wonder

watch. Dogs like performing (4) usual

tricks. They run and jump and follow you.

Bright, (5) (6) colour

fish are fun to tropic

watch. They swim in their tanks

and look just (7) beauty

You can play with a dog. Dogs are

(8) true friends. Fish are not. real

On the other hand, fish are (9) expense

and don't need any (10) care. medicine

A. English people often use word combinations with the noun "earth".
What do you think they mean? Write their Russian equivalents down.
Look them up to see if your guess was right.

1. I'm going to travel round the world. — Oh, come down

to earth, it's too expensive.

 2. What on earth1 are you doing here? You should be al-

ready at school!

3. Why on earth have you done this? Why have you

thrown away the flowers?

99

4. Why on earth are you trying to change the situation? q

It's impossible! —

5. Who on earth has decided it?

В. Write 5 sentences with the phrases: who on earth, what on earth,

why on earth, how on earth, to come down to earth.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Choose the appropriate words in brackets to complete the sentences.

1. Some more people are coming. I think we'll need (anoth-

er/other) another chair, please. 2. I can see only three

1 Предложения со словосочетанием on earth используются в эмоциональ-

но окрашенной речи.
 photos. Where are (others/the others) ?

3. Some metals are magnetic (others/the others)

aren't, are they? 4. Can I have (another/other)

piece of cake, please? 5. W e decided to (fly/

100
flow) to Paris, though the weather is not very
с good. 6. Anna, can you tell (others/the others)
D
that I'll be late. 7. This is my native (ground/land)

and I love it. 8. The (land/Earth)

goes round the Sun. 9. It was autumn and the leaves were

falling down onto the (ground/soil) . 10. One

of your shoes is under the sofa, but where is (other/the

other) ? 11. Don't believe her. She has made

the whole story (off/up) . 12. The (soil/ground)

near the coast is stony, not sandy. 13. W h y

should you make (off/up) so heavily when you

go to school? It's not appropriate. 14. They made (off/out)

with our television and stereo. 15. It was very

noisy in the room and I couldn't make (off/out)

what the speaker was saying.

A. Rewrite the sentences using the pronouns from the box instead of
those in the sentences.

someone, anyone, everyone, no one

1. Somebody has stolen my bike. — Someone has stolen

my bike.
2. Nobody will be able to do that. —
 3. Does anybody remember this word?

101
4. Is there anybody who doesn't understand what to do? —
С
D

5. They need somebody like you, somebody who understands

business methods. —

6. Irene told me she was not in love with Robert but with

somebody else. —

7. Nobody can help me. —

8. Not everybody has got that much money. —

Make up and write 4 sentences with each word from the box.
 a very strange sound a minute ago. 5. W e

never (have known/knew) these facts. Can

you give us some details? 6. This year they (have won/won)

two gold medals. 7. I (haven't forgotten/

103
didn't forget) your lie, and I will never

forget it. 8. When he was a child, he (has dreamt/dreamt) С

О
to become a naturalist, but, you know, in

the end he (has become/became) a journal-

ist. 9. I (have made/made) coffee. Would

you like to join me for a cup? 10. Sorry, dear, I (haven't

meant/didn't mean) to offend you.

11. Larry (has put/put) the disk on the

desk a minute ago. Where is it now?

Use the appropriate forms of the words on the right to complete the
sentences.
1. Tree kangaroos live in the New Guinea1

forests. Their tails are longer than the they, long

bodies.

2. The mountain forests of northwest America

have the and the and old, large

the trees on the Earth, tall

3. Some of birds and animals which species

live in the tundra all the year round change

colour. Arctic foxes, snowy owls,

1 New Guinea [ ! gini] — Новая Гвинея (государство)

 snowshoe rabbits, stoats1 and arctic hares

turn white in late autumn, and they

change back to summer colours in they

spring.

4. The you go up a mountain, the high

it gets. cold

5. Different animals in the savannah eat dif-

ferent. Giraffes feed on branches high in

trees; antelopes feed on branches. 1owt

6. A desert is an area which has than little

25 cm of rain, and very little plant life.

7. Many that live near the water fish

surface 2 are often blue, green or violet.

1 a stoat [staot] — горностай

2 a surface [ s3:fis] — поверхность a stoat [staut] — горностай
 8. Bamboo in India, the Far grow

East and China. It is one of the j

growing plants, fast, it

height [hait] can be about 30 me-

105
tres.

9. The living thing on the large С

D
Earth is the giant redwood tree,

growing in the USA and Canada.

The tree is 112 m high. tall

This is much than the stat- tall

ue of Liberty in New York, which

at 93 m. stand

Compiete the text using the appropriate forms of the words on the
right.
%
Major
Part I

One day my father came home and

(1) brought a small kitten with him.

(2) name dad (3) was Major.

Major was just a skinny, mewing kitten with

a tail like a mouse's. In a few months he (4)

fairly bigger and stronger. He become

was really the (5) cat in brave

the block. When he (6) in the appear

yard, all othercats suddenly (7) run

 off. Every day Major (8) our leave

house for several hours. I loved Major and

(9) proud of my cat. be

Part II
106
One day my dad asked me, "You (1) notice
С any changes in Major's behaviour?
ZJ
The cat (2) with us for about a live

year, but look, how fat he (3) !" become

I agreed. Every day Major (4) get
(5) and (6) And he fat, fat
(7) much more. My dad smiled, eat
"Probably (8) cat will end up we
the (9) cat in the town." big
One night I (10) little strange hear
sounds, "Peep, peep." They (11) come
from my closet. It was the middle of the

night and I was very sleepy, but the sounds

(12) . I (13) up and loo- not stop,

ked into the closet. Boy, what I (14) get; see

there? You won't believe, but there

(15) Major and five tiny baby kittens. be

Complete the sentences using the verbs in brackets in present perfect

or in present perfect progressive.

1. It (snow) has been snowing all morning. And it is still

snowing. 2. It just (stop) snowing.

Look, how beautiful the trees are. 3. Jane (play)

volleyball professionally for several

years. 4. I'm sorry I'm late. How long you (wait)

? 5. Where is Ann? — She is up-

107
stairs, cleaning her bedroom. She (do)

it since morning. 6. I (read) ^

the story up to the end. I can't say I like it a

lot. 7. Sue is in the garden. She (plant)

flowers since 9 a.m. I don't know if she (plant)

all of them. 8. Hello, Betsy! What

on earth are you doing here? — I am trying to find

an English-French-Spanish Dictionary. I (look)

for it all morning. 9. My cousin

(learn) German for f i v e years but

he can hardly speak this language. 10. I (not see)

Albert for more than a month.

11. Ron (read) this book for two

months. When do you think he will finish it?

Read the sentences and write in which of them the action expressed
by present perfect progressive has finished (F) and where it is still go-
ing on (G).

1. Justin has been playing the piano for an

hour already. G

2. My hands are dirty because I've been planting

flowers in our garden.

3. — I'm really tired, Chris. How long are we going

to stay in this shop?
— We have been doing shopping since morning.
 4. — Why are your hands green?
— I have been painting the benches in our
garden.

5. You have been working on the computer for

3 hours. Don't you think you need a break?

108 6. Olga's sweater is too small for her. She has

been wearing it since she was ten.

7. I have been listening to you for half an hour

but you haven't even begun answering the
question.

8. The children have been writing a test for nearly

an hour. I hope they will finish it soon.

Writing
Write greetings cards to your friends and relatives. Social English Sec-
tion can help you.
1. It is the 31st of December. You are writing to your par-
ents.

Happy New Year, dear Mother and Father!

Your son/daughter... .
I? 0)

2. Your brother Tom has his birthday tomorrow.

<»o
<5
o'

0)
of
Y

3. It is the 8th of March. You are writing to your Aunt

Rachel.

»
(0
0)
Of
 4. Your cousin Victor has become a figure skating champion.

,0 __ __ ___ __

5. It is the end of September. International Teacher's Day 109

is coming soon. You are writing a card to your favou-
rite teacher. С
D

6. It is Easter tomorrow. You are writing to your granny.

7. You are writing to a friend who is going to take part

in swimming competition.

P
Го о

8. It is the 24th of December. Your pen friend Archie lives

in London. You are writing to him.
*

9. Tomorrow is Mother's Day. You are writing to your

mother.
 33 Your friend is going to a party. You hope he will have a nice eve-
ning. Write what you can tell him/her before saying "goodbye".

1. _

2.

110 3.

Why national parks are important. Write 8—10 sentences.

С
И
D

VI. Just for Fun ibToWoYoTca

An anagram faensgraem] is a special word. You can form it using all

the letters of another word. (Example: SALT is an anagram of LAST.)
Match the pairs of anagrams in the columns.

1. cheat a) nails
2. chain b) skate
3. waste c) teach
4. snail d) china
5. takes e) sweat

Make and write anagrams from each of these words.

1. diver — drive 2. bleat —

3. dense — 4. feast —
 Unit
The ABC of Ecology

Blue Whale
1. Brian's presentation was
a) very good
b) fairly good
c) rather poor

2. The blue whale

a) has died out
b) can disappear as an animal species
c) is a common animal

3. Brian is interested in the ecology of the ocean because

a) there are too many things people don't know about

oceans
b) he likes blue whales
c) the blue whale is an endangered species

4. Blue whales
a) have been living on our planet for 110 years
b) have lived on the Earth longer than other animals
c) belong to those animal species that have very long
lives

1. 2. 3. 4.
 Listen to the text, ® (20), and decide which of these facts are true
(T), false (F) or not stated (NS) in it.
1. Ecological problems have become some of the
most important now.

2. People all over the world are trying to solve

this problem.
112
3. During the last two centuries the problem of
pollution has become worse.
С
Z5 4. People are trying to keep their environment
clean and beautiful.

5. Only big radical steps can help to protect

our environment.

6. The text gives examples of only those rules

that help to stop pollution.

II, Reading
Read the words in transcriptions, then listen and check, ф (21).
['nesssri] [ri'sponsabl] [prg'tekjn]
[in'vaiarnmant] [bi'heivja] ['deemic^]
[weist] [sa'vaiv] ['haebitaet]
[э'тлг)] finfluans] [p3:sn]
[di'skAmfat] [ik'stigkt] [рэ:]

Read the words, word combinations and sentences, then listen and
check, ф (22).
a) nature, unpolluted, payment, disbelieve, endanger, pollu-
tion, disagree, enjoyment, law, member, dump, protect,
factory, habitat, among, movement
b) between you and me, the beauties of nature, the prob-
lems of the environment, to survive in the ocean, to pro-
tect wildlife, to pollute the environment, to turn into a
rubbish dump, necessary for our health, to be responsible
for other people, to recycle glass, plastic and paper
c) I'd like to know more about the endangered species of
animals living on our planet. A i r pollution damages for-
ests. People would like to live in an unpolluted world.
What is necessary to save our environment? Everyone
hates dishonest behaviour. Don't waste time, help Mother
Nature now. That old film had a great influence on me.
 There is a great number of factories in this part of the
city. By the way, I've taken down everything you said.
No one will help us if we don't help ourselves.
Read the text and say which of the following is not mentioned in it.

What's the Next Step?

Our planet is 4,600 million years old.
Let's think of it as a person wTho is
forty-six years old. W e don't know
anything about the first seven years
of this person's life. W e also have
very little information about the next
thirty-five years. It was only at the
age of forty-twTo that plants began to
appear. Dinosaurs and great reptiles ['reptailz] did not ap-
pear until one year ago, when the planet was forty-five.
Mammals only arrived eight months ago. In the middle of
last week apes became ape-like men and began to communi-
cate with each other. Last weekend, the Ice A g e covered
the Earth.
Modern man has only lived on this planet for about four
hours. During the last hour man began to work on land —
grow plants and keep domestic animals. The Industrial Rev-
olution and the rise of large cities began just sixty seconds
ago.
During those sixty seconds of biological time, modern man
has turned a lot of land into a rubbish dump. In one min-
ute he has killed hundreds of species of animals. He has
damaged the soil of his planet, cut down its forests. Now
modern man stands looking at the damage he has done to
the planet like a child stands looking at the toys he has
broken. What step will he make next?
1. The age of planet Earth.
2. The period of time when there wTas no life on the Earth.
3. The period wiien life began to develop.
4. The activity of man on the Earth.
5. The positive results of people's activity.
6. The negative results of people's activity.

No.
Read the text and complete the sentences after it.

Ecological Art
Jason Taylor is a sculptor. He has made underwater sculp-
tures which attract corals. This idea came to Jason when
he was swimming in the Caribbean Sea and saw how badly
 tourists damaged a coral reef. Then Jason thought about
making underwater parks of sculptures to attract swimmers.
"That could give the real reef time to recover," he says.
Over the past twenty years we have lost about 40% of the
planet's natural coral reefs. Scientists say we can lose 80%
by the year 2050. So Jason Taylor is trying to help our
planet with his underwater art. To make his sculptures he
114 uses special eco-friendly materials, like limestone. They
don't pollute the ocean and attract sea animals — corals,
f— lobsters, crabs, and shrimps.
One of the most famous of Taylor's underwater parks is in
— Mexico. There he has created a large artificial reef whose
r+ size is 420 square metres. Among its 400 sculptures there
is a copy of a car. Taylor used a car for his work to show
that cars pollute the air on our planet.
Divers like Taylor's underwater parks very much. Every
time they visit a park, it looks a little different. "My
sculptures change all the time," says Jason. "And this is
what I like best, the most wonderful part of my work. One
of my sculptures has grown long hair. Some underwater
plant started growing on its head and now it has long and
beautiful hair."

1. Jason Taylor began making his underwater sculptures

a) to attract more divers to the Caribbean Sea

b) to save the Caribbean Sea from pollution
c) to save the real reefs from the divers

2. Taylor's underwater parks are

a) a kind of underwater art gallery
b) a home for sea creatures
c) a good place to learn to dive

3. Taylor has created

a) one big underwater park in the Gulf of Mexico
b) several underwater parks
c) several large underwater parks

4. Taylor's underwater parks

a) always develop
b) change from time to time

c) never change

1. 2.

3. 4.
Read the text and mark the sentences as true (T), false (F) or not
stated (NS).

Lake Baikal
Scientists say that Lake Baikal is
the oldest lake on planet Earth.
Usually lakes don't live longer
than a million years but this
wonderful lake is more than 25
million years old! For scientists it
is a living laboratory of evolu-
tion.
Lake Baikal is also the deepest
lake in the world, it is 1,637 metres deep from top to bot-
tom. With time the lake becomes wider and deeper. There
is a theory that Lake Baikal is the beginning of a new
ocean. The lake holds one-fifth of the planet's fresh water
and this water is incredibly clean.
Lake Baikal is one of the most beautiful places on the
Earth. Everyone who has been on its shores knows how un-
usual and how mighty it looks. The lake is very difficult
to describe: its clear waters change colours all the time.
The snows of Siberia come to Lake Baikal in early October.
A t the end of October ice begins to appear on its surface.
In winter the ice gets very thick — well over a metre. (In
1904, during the Russo-Japanese War they laid a railway
across the ice to carry guns to the front and the ice didn't
break under its weight.) In April the ice begins to turn
into water and the lake becomes so large that sailors and
fishermen here talk of "going to sea".
The water in the lake is never warm. In summer its tem-
perature is about +12 degrees. But a lot of people still en-
joy swimming in it. They say swimming in the waters of
the lake is good for their health.
Lake Baikal is a living museum of water plants and ani-
mals. About 1,500 species of animals here are endemic. En-
demic means that you cannot see them anywhere else in the
world. The lake is rich in life. Its waters move vertically,
carrying oxygen to the very bottom. The lake still keeps a
lot of secrets from people. One great mystery about the
lake is how nerpa, the Baikal seal, appeared in the lake
which is hundreds of kilometers from any ocean, and made
the lake its habitat.
The lake lies among beautiful mountains. The Baikal Moun-
tains on the north shore and the taiga belong to a national
park. The greatest problem here is to keep all this natural
 beauty and protect the lake from pollution. Every year the
lake attracts more and more tourists, so the task is not at
all easy.
1. Lake Baikal can help people to understand
how life developed on our planet.

2. The size of the lake changes with time.

116
3. The water in the lake is very clean but cold,
с so people don't swim in it.
13
4. The lake has a number of islands — big and small.

5. The lake's flora and fauna make it unique.

6. Some ocean animals live in the lake.

7. Now people are thinking of organizing the first

national park on the shores of the lake.

Speak about why environmental problems have become some of the

most important nowadays. Mention the possible results of:
[M]
« air, wrater and soil pollution;
global warming;
cutting dowrn forests;
extinction of plants and animals.
Speak about why we can solve ecological problems only if we work
together. Mention:
international cooperation;
£2 ecological societies;
what everyone can do to help protect nature.
Say as much as you can about protecting wildlife. Use some of the
following words and phrases:
extinct, endangered and protected species;
plants and animals;
can't protect themselves;
damage their natural habitat;
disappear from the face of the planet;
climatic changes make the problem more serious;
study the problem;
cooperate with scientists from other countries;
e make necessary national and international laws;
* make international agreements;
* be responsible for one's actions;
help to survive.

Continue the dialogue and act it out.

A: I say, is it true that you've
just come back from India? 117
H; Yes, it is. It's been a fantas-
tic journey. С
A: I bet1! But why India?
I've always been interested in
this country and its culture. In-
dia is also a place of great nat-
ural beauty with its high moun-
tains, mighty rivers and thick
forests.
And what is your greatest impression?
B: It's difficult to say. Let me think... Maybe the Jog Falls
on the Sharavathi River. This place is situated among
wooded mountains and it is incredibly beautiful.
. I've never heard of it. Is it a big waterfall?
li. One of the largest in India. It has four cascades of wa-
ter that fall across a rock wall.
Wow! What else makes the place so special?
It's a home to many species of plants and animals. By
the way, the place is becoming more and more popular with
tourists.
1. Do you think they will keep the place unpolluted?

How can they do it?

Yes, you're right.

Complete the dialogue and act it out.

Look, do you always cycle to school?

I try to. (1)

I knowT that the bicycle is the most eco-friendly trans-

port but (2)

1 I bet! — Могу себе представить!
 В: It's no problem. I just put on warm or waterproof
clothes. By the way, there are countries where millions of
people use bikes to get to offices, universities and schools.
A: (3)
B: Holland is a very good example. The country is success-
fully solving the problem of air pollution.
118
A: (4)
B: Well, we all know how badly cars and buses pollute the
air. If people don't use them, they will cut down on pollu-
tion.

A: I'll think about it. Maybe (5)

Read the text and complete the story.

ж
A Diet Can Damage the Environment
People in the UK think
more and more about how
our diet can damage the en-
vironment. Are you sur-
prised? Do you want to know how it can happen?
It's very simple. Lots and lots of airplanes, vans and
lorries bring food to our towns and cities where
shops and supermarkets sell it. For example, meat
may come from New Zealand, tomatoes from Spain
and apples from France.
This means that airplanes, vans and lorries
burn fuel and pollute the air. People can try
to cut down on pollution by eating more lo-
cal foods. The idea is to eat 90 per cent of
our diet from the country where we live. It
is better for our health and for the health
of our planet.
This may be an example of a healthy menu
for the place where I live.

Breakfast:

Lunch:

Dinner:

Tea:
 5. The animal turned with a quick move

6. Everyone would like to live in an pollute

world with clean air and clear

water.
120
7. It was dark and the road looked danger
С
-

8. She was about her age honest

because she wanted to get that job.

9. Mr Griffin is one of the most power

men in his country.

10. Alice and Diana about agree

everything.

11. Wild animals are happier in their nature

habitat than in a zoo.

12. Her story didn't sound true, we all

it. believe

13. I didn't get any real enjoy

from the game.

Complete the text with the derivatives of the words on the right.

Christmas is the time of (1) happiness and happy

(2) but it's not a good enjoy

time for everyone. Take turkeys, for exam-

ple. Every year millions of turkeys end up

on a dinner table. But not Lofty. Lofty is

a (3) bird. He was born on luck

 121

С
=J

а (4) farm and has spent many Britain

(5) hours there. One day it wonder

was Lofty's time to go to the market. Any-

way, he wasn't as (6) fortunate

as many other turkeys: nobody knows how

but Lofty ran away! He ended up in an ani-

mal rescue centre. (7) for lucky

Lofty, the people in the centre are all vege-

tarians, so Lofty's future looks (8) fair

bright.

Complete the sentences with the appropriate forms of the words on

the right.
1. Well, children, if you can't do it your- yourself
selves, you can ask somebody to help
you.

2. The British Museum in London is one of

the _____ museums in the large

world.

3. The computer game one

"Spacewar" appeared in 1962.

 4. Не will help you if you him well. ask

5. " of few words are the best man

»
man

6. My friend's hobby is collecting coins, he

122
them for a long time. collect

С 7. Everyone wants to live long

3
and have a life. good

8. I my homework when my cousin do

called to invite me to the skating rink.

9. It isn't a new backpack, I it have

since last year.

10. They say that Scotland has the high

number of people with red hair in the

world.

Complete the text with the appropriate forms of the words on the
right.

Ants (1) have been on planet Earth for be

more than 140 (2) years, million

(3) than dinosaurs. All ants long

live in colonies but there are surprising dif-

ferences in their wTay of life and their hab-

its. One of the (4) kinds interesting

of ants is the "army ant". These ants go

out in armies of many (5) . thousand

They kill and eat anything in their way: in-

sects, snakes, lizards, birds... Now you may

ask, "How can a little insect like the ant

123
kill and eat everything in its way?" Well,

there are so many of (6) , they С

13
and if the creature (7) not run

away, the army ants (8) it, kill

even if it's a crocodile.

Some army ants make black ants work for

them just like slaves. If you ever (9)

a colony of army ants, be meet

careful! (10) ants will at- this

tack any living creature — and yes, that

(11) you too! mean

Match the words with their descriptions.

1.
extinct a) stay alive, not to die
2.
habitat b) make dirty
3.
waste c) put in danger
4.
pollute d) the natural home of an animal or plant
survive
5. e) the conditions in which a person or an
dump
6. animal lives
endanger
7. f) no longer living
environ-
8. g) the physical world around us
ment h) throw away rubbish
9. protect i) useless material
10. nature j) defend from danger, keep safe

1. f 2. 3. 4. 5.

6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
 Use the prefixes dis- or ил- to make new words. Write what the new
words mean.

1. believe — disbelieve (не верить)

2. common — uncommon (необычный)
3. usual —

4. like —

5. agree —

6. polluted —

7. appear —

8. honest —

9. healthy —

10. comfort —

11. natural —

12. happy —

13. please —

14. real —

Complete the sentences with the words from the box.

necessary, members, influences, payment, responsible,

nowadays, law, study, saved, recycle, damaged, poured

1. Nowadays some countries close their nuclear power sta-

tions, because they think that such stations are not safe.

2. People have learned to waste paper and use

it again. 3. The house was on fire but he the

pictures. 4. Nearly all the of the club took

part in the dance competition. 5. In every country the po-

lice keep and order. 6. The newspapers write

that last night the fire several buildings. 7. Is

it to have a visa to go to this country?

8. The weather often us: we usually feel bet-

ter when the sun is shining and the sky is cloudless.

9. We'll make one person for buying the food.

10. She the milk into a bowl and left the С

bowl at the door. 11. Give yourself time to —

r+

the problem carefully. 12. He gave me this book in

for my help.
Complete the sentences with the right prepositions where necessary.

1. W e had a number o f ideas about how to spend our holi-

days. 2. My parents' words always had a great influence

me. 3. It's really necessary her to spend

more time with her friends. 4. It's very bad that some fac-

tories pollute the environment. 5. Please pour some

hot water my mug. 6. To stay here any longer will

be a waste time. 7. When I first read the book, it

didn't influence me at all. 8. Jack is a member

our ecological society. 9. The house stood in the

forest the green trees. 10. How can we save our

planet danger? 11. W e are all responsible

the work we are doing. 12. I'll tell you the truth but it

must be you and me. 13. In this street there are

two food shops and a cinema between. 14. I've lost

my way again; it happens me every time I come to

a new place.
Choose the appropriate words in brackets to complete these sentences.

A. 1. We agreed to meet (among/between) between

2 o'clock and 2:30. 2. She divided the work (among/be-

tween) all the pupils in the class. 3. The twins di-

vided the chocolate (among/between) them.

4. I want to tell you something but it's (among/between)

you and me. 5. The house stood (among/between)

the trees in the middle of the little grove.

1. I quickly took (in/down) her name and ad-

dress. 2. That day I felt unwell and couldn't take (in/down)

what the teacher was saying. 3. The plane took

(off/up) for Rome at 9:30. 4. He has taken (off/

up) the piano. 5. It's good manners to take

(down/off) your hat when you enter a house.

6. There are a number of simple rules that I hope you'll

take (up/in) . 7. My brother took (up/in)

painting only a year ago but he can already paint very well.

Complete this table of pronouns.

I
you yourself
he him

she
it it
we ourselves
you
they
Write what they are doing.

127

1. The iS at herself in the mirror.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.
7.

Complete the sentences with the appropriate reflexive pronouns.

1. The English themselves don't always speak English very

well. 2. Helen, dear, have you made this wonderful cake all

by ? 3. John's friends came, but John

didn't. 4. I can't tell you, but my father will.

5. Did Mary answer this difficult question ?

6. My friend's kitten likes to look at in the

mirror. 7. Well, children, there's a lot of rubbish around

the school building, prepare for hard work.

8. Our parents were ready to help us, but we decided to do

everything . 9. The film is brilliant, I'm sure

you'll enjoy , girls. 10. I'm leaving you for just one

minute, George. I hope you will behave

11. This time the boys made a fire and put up the tent all

by . 12. W e didn't take part in the

match, we just watched it.

Complete the sentences with the appropriate reflexive pronouns where

necessary,

I. There are many tasty things on the table. Help your-

self1! 2. Children should know how to behave

in public. 3. Did you and your friends enjoy

at the picnic yesterday? 4. My little brother likes to hide

somewhere in the house and ask us to find

him, it's his favourite game. 5. Don't ask me, I have no

idea about it .6. The girls bought

beautiful scarves and were very happy. 7. How is

your head? How are you feeling now?

8. You'll get a nice present if you behave

9. Dress quickly, we must leave the house in

ten minutes not to be late. 10. It was very pleasant to

bathe in the river on a hot summer day.

II. My brother made the model of the ship

1 Help yourself! — Угощайся!

with his own hands. 12. Young children shouldn't live by

, somebody must look after them. 13. Every

morning I make tea for my parents and

Use few, a few, little, a little to complete the sentences.

129
1. There are f e w people who know the truth about those
С
events. 2. I'm sorry to say there's we can do to
3
help him now. 3. I have books that you may bor-

row, they will help you with your project. 4. Is there any

soup left? — Yes, 5. He lives on his own and

very friends visit him nowadays. 6. W e hope our

team will win: there are really good players in it.

7. It's a very difficult question, may I think ?

8. I'm afraid, we have information about the expe-

dition. 9. May I have hot water to make a cup of

tea, please? 10. I have nothing to say, but I have

questions I'd like to ask. 11. There's milk in the

bottle, you may have it if you want. 12. of you

are old enough to travel on your own. Ask your parent to

accompany you.

Choose the appropriate verb forms to complete the sentences.

1. Jack b money for a long time; he enough to buy a

new bike.

a) has saved b) has been saving

2. The Smiths the farm since the 1950s,

a) have owned b) have been owning

 3. Margo since she was a little girl. Nowadays she

does it professionally.

a) has sung b) has been singing

4. Don to become an ecologist and protect nature,

130
a) has always wanted b) has always been wanting
с 5. W e Russian for many years but we often find the
=3
spelling of some Russian words difficult.

a) have learned b) have been learning

6. Becky pets, now she has a number of them,

a) has always loved b) has always been loving

7. Come and have tea with us, I a cup for you.

a) have poured b) have been pouring

8. People about the problem of pollution for more than

a hundred years.

a) have known b) have been knowing

9. A number of good books a great influence on me.

a) have had b) have been having

10. The flat looks so nice. ?

a) Have you cleaned b) Have you been cleaning

Use present perfect or present perfect progressive of the verbs in

brackets to complete the sentences.

1. They (be) have been friends for many years and are

very devoted to each other.

2. W e (not play) this game for a long

time, I don't remember its rules well.

 3. What are you laughing at? What (I say) ?

4. Jane looks tired, I think she (work) in

the garden.

5. This author (write) children's books for

131
many years, a lot of people know and read them.

6. WThat (influence) your decision to be- С

D
come an engineer?

7. Scientists at home and abroad (study)

the problems of ecology for many years now.

8. The family (live) at the seaside since af-

ter the war.

9. I (know) Peter since we went to school

together.

10. A number of old trees are lying on the ground. It's

clear that a very strong wind (blow) .

11. The young people (not meet) for two

years and are happy to see each other again.

12. She'd like to travel about Russia. She (have)

this idea since she first saw Lake Baikal.

V. Writing

Read the text and write 6 questions you couid ask about the giant
flower.

The largest flower in the world is Rafflesia. It can be

1 metre wide and weighs 10 kilograms! But it smells very
unpleasant.
1. What does this flower smell like?
2.

3.

4.

5. __

6.

7.

Your friend wants to be an ecologist. Write questions you want to ask

him/her. You want to know:

1. what influenced his/her decision;

2. if his/her parents think it's a good idea;
3. what ecological problems he/she wants to study;
4. how long he/she has been interested in these prob-
lems;
5. if he/she will go to university to become an ecologist;
6. if it is necessary for an ecologist to know one or more
than one foreign languages;
7. where he/she is going to work;
8. why this profession is important nowadays.

l. What influenced your decision?

 You've got an e-mai! from your British pen friend. Read it and write
an answer. Don't forget to ask your friend some questions.
»ae

Hi! It's been a long time since I wrote to you. Sorry. In

fact, I've been away on a school trip to one of the na-
133
tional parks. W e stayed there three days sleeping in
guest houses and walking about a lot. I've always been
interested in wildlife so I quite enjoyed myself. I can
say that I saw a number of interesting animals and
learned some important things.

Just for Fun ШШШ-

Use the names of the animals from the box to complete the sentences.
I
red kangaroos, sailfish, pumas and leopards, sea snakes,
squirrel monkeys, mountain goats, gibbons
 1. Sea SnakeS сап dive 100 metres deep and stay under
water for up to 5 hours. Some of them can swim at the

rate of 1 metre per second. 2. can jump

5.5 metres up into a tree. 3. can jump

134
over obstacles as high as 3 metres. Using their powerful
С
13 hind legs, they can travel as far as 9 metres in one huge

leap. 4. can swim faster than a cheetah

can run. Its top speed is 109 kilometres per hour.

5. sometimes leap straight into the air

from the tree tops to catch insects. These leaps may be up

to 60 metres. 6. can climb incredibly steep

slopes, jump from rock to rock and leap across dangerous

ravines. 7. are fairly large animals but

they are extremely acrobatic. They can move through the

trees faster than a man can walk on the ground. They can

also walk along small branches high up in the air.

Here are three computer jokes mixed up. Put the lines (a—f) in the
appropriate order.

a) It left its Windows open.

b) Data.
c) Made a website.
d) Why was the computer cold?
e) What does a baby computer call its father?
f) What did the spider do on the computer?

Joke 1 Joke 2 Joke 3

 U n 11
Living Healthy
135
5 Listening
С
Listen to the text "A Sweet Tooth 1 ", ® (23), and choose the right
3
item (a, b, c) to complete the sentences.

1. The British
a) are a nation with a sweet tooth
b) were fond of chocolate already in the 15th century
c) built factories to make chocolate in Australia

2. Chocolate came to Britain from

a) Italy b) Central America c) Australia

3. Drinking chocolate appeared in Birmingham in

a) 1831 b) 1878 c) 1881

4. People in Britain eat more chocolate

a) at Christmas than at Easter
b) at Easter than at Christmas
c) at Christmas and Easter than at any other time

2. 3. 4.

1 a sweet tooth — сладкоежка

Listen to the dialogue, f j j (24), and complete the sentences.

1. Betty stopped eating meat because

2. Betty does not eat dairy products1 such as

3. Betty says she eats lots of things, for example,

4. Betty is sure that to be a vegetarian is

5. Betty thinks in Britain today

1 dairy ['dean] products — молочные продукты

Read the words in transcriptions, then listen and check, ^ (25).

[lerjG] [su'birs] [medsn]

[peifnt] [pn'skraib] [ha:mfl]
['Jaolda] [Breot] t'hedeik]
[п'клуэ] ['rereik] |b:Imaust]
['зШпэк] ['swolau] [kjua]
Read the words, word combinations and sentences, then listen and
check, $ (26).
a) weakness, quickly, weigh, cough, enough, lung, sneeze,
ankle, painful, knee, weight, freshness, stomach, hardly,
wrist
b) a sore throat, a heart attack, to prescribe a medicine, to
catch a cold, to do somebody harm, junk food, to come
down with a cold, a medicine for a weak heart, to recov-
er from earache
c) Has the doctor prescribed you anything for your earache?
It really hurts me to swallow. Jack is recovering from a
bad cold. Fast food can do a lot of harm to your health.
They took Anna with stomachache. W e hope you'll recov-
er soon. If you have toothache, go to your dentist. Jill
tries to control her weight. Take this medicine for your
cough. What can cure him of this disease?

Read the texts (1—5) and match them with the titles (a—f). There is
one title you don't have to use.
a) The Food from Abroad
b) The First Meal of the Day
c) Fast Food in Britain
d) Very Popular British Food
e) Typical Food at Different Times of the Day
f) Places to Have Meals
1. Some people like "to go to work on an egg" — they eat
an egg for breakfast before going to work. But many
more breakfast on cornflakes — while others have toast
with butter and marmalade. And, whatever they eat,
most people drink tea or coffee.
2. And where do people eat their food when they are at
home? Breakfast is usually a quick meal, eaten in the
kitchen. They may eat dinner in the kitchen, in the din-
ing room or the living room, often in front of the tele-
vision. The British often have lunch at school or work.
3. Some people have their biggest meal in the middle of the
day, some have it in the evening. The traditional meal is
meat and two vegetables. The most popular meats are
chicken, beef (from a cow), pork (from a pig) and lamb
(from a young sheep). Vegetables grown in Britain, like
potatoes, carrots, peas, and cabbage are very popular, but
today you can buy vegetables from many countries all
through the year. Traditional British meals are sausages,
beans1 and mashed potato2, stew (meat cooked with lots
of vegetables), and the Sunday roast.
4. Potatoes first came from South America. Farmers in
Peru grew them from the 13th century on, and then the
Spanish brought them to Europe in the mid-16th century.
In the 17th century potatoes appeared in Britain. Pota-
toes are one of the most important foods in the British
diet and today the British grow six million tons of pota-
toes every year. Some potatoes have red skins, some
white. Sometimes people eat them with the skin, some-
times without. There are many different ways of cooking
them.
5. Ice cream appeared in the country in the 1920s. People
sold it from bicycles in the streets. Ice cream sellers
shouted, "Stop me and buy one!" They rode around the
streets playing music, people ran out and bought some
ice cream. Nowadays ice cream has become very popular.
People often eat it in cinemas and theatres in summer
and in winter as a snack or as a dessert after the main
dish, for example with a piece of hot apple pie.

1. 2. 3.

4. 5. Extra
Read the text and complete the sentences after it.

Fast food
"Today's newspaper is tomorrow's fish
and chips wrapper 3 ," people said it in
the second half of the nineteenth cen-
tury. Why? Because many years ago
sellers packed fish and chips in news-
paper to keep them warm. This does
not happen any more, for health rea-

1 a bean [bi:n] — боб

2 mashed potato [,maejt pa'teitau] — картофельное пюре
3 a wrapper ['гаерэ] — обёрточная бумага
 С
sons, but fish and chips is still Britain's most favourite
D
fast food.
Fish and chips appeared in the streets of London and other
cities in the 1850s, and the first shops to sell them — in
the 1860s. The most popular kind of fish is cod1 but other
kinds of white fish are also possible. They cook fish in hot
fat 2 and eat it with chips on which people put salt or to-
mato sauce. Some people eat bread and butter with their
fish and chips.
Fish and chips is very popular with holidaymakers at the
seaside, even if the weather is so cold that they have to
eat them sitting in their cars! Sometimes people choose fish
and chips at the weekend as a change from cooking at
home.
A favourite snack (quick food between meals) in Britain is
the baked potato, or "potato in its jacket", which is a pota-
to cooked with the skin left on it."Potatoes in the jackets"
have butter, cheese or beans on top. You can buy many
other kinds of hot fast food today, for example burgers3
and fried chicken from the USA, pizza from Italy, and ke-
babs [ki'baebz] from the Middle East. You may choose either
to "eat in" or "take away".
Sandwiches (either bought or home-made) make a quick
lunch and are also very popular. It is easy to take them to
school or work. The word "sandwich" comes from a man
John Montagu ['montagju:]. He was the fourth Earl4 of
Sandwich and lived in the eighteenth century in the Eng-
lish town of Sandwich. He liked to play games at the table
for a long time without stopping for a meal. So his cook
put some beef 5 between two pieces of bread — and made
the first sandwich.

cod [kod] — треска

fat [fast] — жир
a burger [Ъз:дэ] — бургер
an earl [з:1] — граф
beef [bi:f| — говядина
 1. The British do not sell fish and chips in newspaper any

more because
a) it can't keep them warm for long
b) it is not a fashionable kind of wrapper
c) it can be dangerous for people

140 2. Fish and chips appeared first .

a) in London and then in other cities of Britain
b) in some cities of Britain and then in its capital
c) in British cities in the middle of the 19th century

3. Fish and chips is

a) as popular with the British as "potato in its jacket"
b) more popular with the British than "potato in its jacket'
c) less popular with the British than "potato in its jacket"

4. invented sandwiches in the 18th century.

a) John Montagu, the fourth Earl of Sandwich
b) John Montagu's cook
c) The people of the English town of Sandwich

1.

3. 4.
Read the text and complete it with the following phrases (a—g).
a) gas and electricity came into people's houses
b) harder to find and usually expensive
c) for example some sugars and fats
d) an island between the North Sea and the Atlantic Ocean
e) in Britain in the middle of the 20th century
f) from the eleventh to the fifteenth century
g) can buy everything under one roof

Changes in Diet arid in S h o p p i n g

Britain is (1) For those who live near the sea,

fish and shellfish have always been important. Before peo-
ple had fridges to keep food cold and fresh, they started to
keep fish from going bad by salting, drying or smoking it.
One thing which has changed is the way some people think
about some foods. For example, shellfish 1 like oysters were

shellfish ['Je^fijl — моллюск

fairly cheap and quite ordinary. They were popular with
poor people because anyone could go to a beach and pick

them up, for free. Today they are (2) . They have
become special.
In older days those who lived away from the sea first ate
wild animals, but then they began keeping sheep, cows and
chickens on farms. Farmers grew fruit and vegetables. Dur-
ing the Middle Ages, (3) ships brought sugar, nuts
and things from far away. When sailors went to foreign
places, they brought back more kinds of food. A t first only
rich people could buy the things brought from overseas, but
slowly they became cheaper and easier to find.
When (4) , cooking became much easier. Thanks to
fridges and freezers people could keep food much longer.
The diet of many British people is quite different to that
of their parents. Today we eat bananas and oranges and
can buy them all the year round but it was very difficult

to find them (5) Nowadays we have many more

foods to choose from and new ways to cook them, like mi-
crowave ovens. But we have less time for shopping and
cooking.

These days we drive to supermarkets where we (6)

Some forty years ago people walked to their nearest shops
almost every day. They went to the baker's for bread, to
the butcher's for meat, to the greengrocer's for fruit and
vegetables and so on.
W e also know more about health and the body today. Chil-
dren grow up learning that some foods are good for us

while others, (7) , are bad. Some people have tries

to change their diet to eat healthier food and most shop-
ping centres have health food shops which sell lots of dif-
ferent natural foods. Some people, called vegetarians choose
not to eat meat at all.
 Speaking

Speak about the things that can help people to live healthy. Use the
ж following word combinations.

• to be physically active to sleep enough time

• to take a lot of exercise • not to watch television a
142
to do morning exercises lot
• to join a sports club • not to spend hours before
С • to go to the swimming the computer
D pool • to keep to a healthy diet
to go to the gym regu- • to say no to harmful hab-
larly its
• to spend much time out-
doors

Say what it means to lead a healthy life. Mention the following:

^jj-jl • healthy lifestyle;

• healthy eating habits;
• appropriate time to spend on work and relaxation;
• no to harmful ways.

Work in pairs. Complete the dialogue and act it out.

At the Doctor's
Doctor: Well, what seems to be

the problem?

Rob: (l) I think I have

a sore throat, doctor.
Doctor- So, it hurts to swallow,

doesn't it?

Rob: (2)

I practically can't eat.

Doctor: Open your mouth wide. I would like (3)

. Well, it's rather red.

Rob. (4) , doctor?

Doctor: I don't think it's very serious. But you've got a

cold. Do you have a headache?

Rob: (5) , doctor.

Doctor: Then let's take your temperature.

143
(Some minutes later)
С
Rob: (6) , doctor?
3
Doctor: Not very high. But you should stay in bed for two

or three days.

Rob: (7) ?

Doctor: Certainly. I will prescribe some medicine for your

sore throat and the temperature.

Rob: ( 8 ) , doctor.

Comment on these proverbs and sayings.

• Health is better than wealth.

• To wish, weii is a part1
of
becoming well. {Seneca)
» A sound mind 2
in a sound
body. (Juvenal)

Juvenal

Ц Seneca

1 Seneca — Луций Анней Сенека (Сенека младший, или просто Сенека)

римский философ-стоик, поэт, государственный деятель
2 Juvenal — Децим Юний Ювенал — римский поэт-сатирик
 Spell the words.

1. [weit] — weight 9. [kofj —

2. [ig'zaemin] — 10. [nst] —

3. ['kwikli] — 11. [ni:] — ._

4. |Wbi:s] — 12. [pri'skraib] —

5. [I'nAfl — 13. fiareik] —

6. ['stAmak] — 14. [sni:z] —

7. ['Jaulda] — 15. [medsnj —

8. [Grout] — 16. [helG] — .

Use the n e w words f r o m the box t o complete the sentences.

f '
ankle, pain, cure, heart, meal, prescribe, swallow, sneez-
ing, habit, coughing, toothache, weight, wrist

1. Do you usually eat at home or go out for a meai in the

evening? 2. I think you should give up your harmful

_s. 3. Doctor, can you something

for my pain in the left side? 4. How long have you been

like that? And how long have you been smok-

ing? 5. When you have a , you should go and

see a dentist, б. I have had a cold since Monday. Can you

me of it, doctor? 7. I am coming down with a

cold. I am coughing and , and I think I am

running a high temperature. 8. Lily is too thin. In my

view, she should put on . 9. Betsy has a sore

throat. She says it hurts her to 10. Brenda

has a weak . Yesterday she had a strong

in it and they took her to hospital. 11. Rus-

sian-speaking people never say they wear watches on their

. 12. I fell and have twisted 1 my left

145

Use the appropriate function words from the box to complete the sen- CI
tences. 3

for, of, in, with, by, to, from, up, on, o f f , down

1. Larry is slowly recovering from his bad cold.

2. Well, what's the menu? 3. Smoking and tak-

ing drugs are dangerous people's health. 4. The

weight the box was about three pounds, less than

one kilogram and a half. 5. Rebecca has been studying

medicine four years. 6. Phil says he has a strong

pain his right side. 7. I would like to cure you

your bad cough. First of all you should give

smoking. 8. What medicine has the doctor pre-

scribed your sore throat? 9. I am not sure I like

Paul very much. He always walks his nose

the air. 10. Chris is taking this medicine his ear-

ache. 11. Don't eat too much pizza. You will put

weight. the way, pizza is low vitamins.

12. Our football team brought the opponents their

knees. 13. Little Rick is really a pain the neck.

1 to twist — вывихнуть
 14. Some pupils stay all night before their exams,

which is a harmful habit their health. 15. Doctors

usually recommend their patients to stay fat food.

16. Pete is coming a cold.

146 Look at the pictures and write what their health problems are.

Mike Robi n

1. Nick is running a temperature.

2. Diana

3. Ed

4. Ellie

5. Simon

6. Sam

7. Pat

8. Mike

9. Robin
Use the suffixes -ness, -th, -ful, -less, -tion, -ing, -ly and prefixes un-,
re- to form new words. Write their Russian equivalents.

1. white — whiteness 4. feel —

2. dark — 5. meet —

3. bright — 6. begin —

_
 7. love — 18. tree —

8. kind — 19. demonstrate

9. shape — 20. dictate —

10. wide — 21. illustrate —

147
11. grow — 22. read —
С
12. strong — 23. write —
=3
13. beauty — 24. place —

14. care — 25. friendly —

15. power — 26. smiling —

16. penny — 27. healthy —

17. child —

Choose one of the new words from exercise 16 and write 9 sentences
of your own.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

Complete the sentences with the derivatives of the words on the right.

1. Sid never does anything the way he should

do. What a brainless creature he is. brain

 2. People should get rid 1 of their

habits. harm

3. The was not easy but now operate

the patient is recovering.

148
4. It is to eat so much sugar. danger

5. John is a student of a col- medicine

lege.

6. Lucy's is not very serious ill

but it is very . pleasant

7. The of the football field is long

110 metres.

8. The atmosphere was nice. real

W e could see and please,

faces everywhere. smile

9. Doctors have little about inform

this disease.

10. The air in the room was , smoke

not fresh at all.

Use the derivatives of the words on the right to complete the text.

Keeping Fit
A healthier and happier

lifestyle is within reach of

everyone. You (1) Simply simple

1 to get rid — избавиться

 follow should sensible1 and easy

rules. To enjoy a high level of

(2) it is important to well

eat adequate food, have enough

149
rest and (3) relax

Every (4) person health

needs to do morning exercises and

(5) exercise to keep regular

(6) fit. Then you will improve physical

the work of your lungs, heart and blood

(7) . (8) speak- circulate,

ing, aerobic exercises may give you very general

good results.
Rewrite the sentences using the phrases from the box

a real pain in the neck, has got a heart of gold, have

her finger in every pie, walks with his nose in the air,
a good head on his shoulders, eyes bigger than his stom-
ach, to bring the country to its knees

1. She will do anything for anyone. She is extremely kind

and helpful. — She has got a heart of gold.

2. My little sister won't leave me alone. She is really a big

problem. —

3. John is full of self-importance. He is absolutely sure

that he is better than other people. —

4. When my little cousin comes to me, he always says he

will eat everything that he can see on the table. —

1 sensible ['sensabl] — разумный
5. The enemy tried to defeat the country.

6. Adam is a very bright pupil. —

7. Brenda wants to take part in all school projects and ac-

tivities. —

Rewrite the sentences using the word enough.

1. I have read some parts of the report to get the idea of

what it is about. — I have read enough (parts) of

the report to get the idea of what it is about.
2. His appetite is good. He is recovering. —

3. You have had junk food. —

4. There isn't any time for us to try everything on the

menu. —

5. Brian didn't move quickly and fell down. —

6. Do you think I've made as many sandwiches as we

need? —

7. The task was easy. It took me just a quarter of an hour

to do it. —

8.
 9. I didn't have so much time because I had to finish the

project. —

10. Bruce spoke loudly for everybody to hear his words. —

151

Rewrite the sentences. Begin them with the word what. ^

D
1. How healthy the teenager is! — What a healthy teen-
ager!
2. How harmful your habits are! —

3. How quick the worker is! —

4. How hard these jobs are! —

5. How bitter 1 the medicine is! —

6. How long our meals are! —

7. How boring the meeting was! —

8. How dangerous the operation is! —
Rewrite the sentences. Begin them with the word how.

1. What a clever answer it is! — How clever the an-

swer is!
2. What slow runners they are! —

3. What a quick meal it was! —

4. What a long recovery it was! —

5. What a bad cough you are having! —

6. What fine weather we are having! —

7. What a powerful river the Volga is! —

8. What tasty dessert we had! —

1 bitter ['bits] — горький
Use the phrases from your Social English to develop the situations.

1. The lecture is not interesting, the speaker is very slow.

— How boring the lecture is! What a boring lec-

ture!
2. Your relative has broken his arm.

3. Your neighbour had a heart at-

tack and died. —

4. Your friend left her handbag on a bench in the park.

5. Last Tuesday was terrible. You lost your pocket money,

missed1 the school bus and forgot to take your daybook

with you. —

6. Your best friend is going to Greece for a holiday. —

7. Your aunt has been to a very enjoyable show. —

8. Unexpectedly your school team has won the football fi-

nal. —

1 to miss — зд.: опоздать

 Find the odd word out in each line and write them down.

1. painful, ache, sore, painless GChe

2. obese, slim, stout, fat

3. almost, nearly, practically, hardly

153
4. heart, cough, lungs, throat
С
5. swallow, sneeze, cough, pain 3

6. habit, harm, hurt, ache

Write three forms of these verbs.

535
1. осматривать examine examined examined
2. терять

3. выбирать

4. платить

5. весить

6. болеть
1 ;
7. расти

8. говорить
9. вести

10. обучать

l i . приносить

сказать
I-*
t>0

I - J
13. вылечить

14. летать

15. течь

16. понимать
 Write questions to ask your friend(s) about their health. You want to
know:

1. if they have ever had a sore throat

Have you ever had a sore throat?

2. how long they have been going to this school
154

С
О 3. when they visited their dentist last

4. if they eat fast food

5. what they were doing at school after classes yesterday

6. what the doctor prescribed for their cough when he/she

was ill

7. how much he/she weighs

8. how long it usually takes him/her to recover from a

cold

9. what they have been doing since morning

Choose the appropriate words in brackets to complete the sentences.

1. It is raining (hard/hardly) hard. 2. Never give (up/

away) hope. 3. My cousin (took/stayed) up

gardening when she was fifteen. 4. The young man (made/

took) off with my mobile. 5. The film was very in-

teresting and I (gave/stayed) up till 2 a.m. in the

morning. 6. I can't (give/make ) out what she is

trying to explain. 7. Haven't you finished the job (yet/still)

155
? 8. The damage to Emma's health was (such/so)

big! 9. The (sick/ill) boy lay on the sofa. CZ

=3

10. Every winter she (comes/gets) down with the ~

cold. 11. Ellie has been cleaning the flat for two hours and

she is (yet/still) busy. 12. A f t e r the operation the

patient could (hard/hardly) move. 13. Don't forget

to (weigh/weight ) your bags at the airport.

Choose the right forms of the verbs in brackets to complete the sen-
tences.

1. My sister and me (think/thinks) think that daily 1 exer-

cise (is/are) very important for people.

2. The number of obese people in America (is/are)

growing. 3. Mary (will play/play)

the piano at the party. 4. How long have your parents

(had/been having) this farm? 5. W e (lis-

tened/were listening) to the piano pieces

by Bach at that time yesterday. 6. Jenny is very tired. She

(has washed/has been washing) since noon.

7. I (know/have known) Peter all my life.

8. We always (wanted/have wanted) to

1 daily ['deili] — ежедневный

 come to London. And now we (came/have come)

here! 9. Greg (has not bought/has not

been buying) any vegetables yet. 10. When

Emma (will come/comes) , we (will discuss/

156
discuss) all the details. 11. Mum, the doc-
С
tor (has not come/did not come) yet.
и
12. Anna (has been/is) a member of this

club for several years.

Use the appropriate forms of the verbs in brackets to complete the
story.

In the Land of Norway

Long ago the land of Norway

was a Viking 1 land. The Vi-

kings (be) (1) were strong

brave people. Olaf the Strong

was a Viking. He (have) (2)

a son Sigurd.

The father (teach) (3) the son to swim and ride

horses. A t the age of three Sigurd could swim, at the age

of five he (learn) (4) to ride.

ir*
t Olaf (feel) (5) proud of his

son. Sigurd's mother was a wonderful sto-

ryteller and she often (tell)

(6) her children interesting

tales about the birds and animals of their

1 a Viking — викинг
land. Sometimes Sigurd's father (speak) (7)

to the children before they (go) (8)

to bed in the evening. The children (sit) (9)

on the benches and (listen) (10)

about their father's travels to strange 157

lands. The lands (have) (11) such wonderful С

=5
names-

Use the appropriate forms of the words on the right to complete the
letter.

Dear Rachel,

I (1) am writing to you to say that the write

things (2) a bit better. Yesterday get

the doctor (3) and (4) come

that he (5) say,

my cough. He prescribed some medicine for not like

it and (6) me to drink hot tell

milk with honey.

Rachel, I (7) this doctor all know

my life, I think. He is absolutely sure that

the (8) thing for any dis- good

ease is milk and honey. I hate drinking hot

milk, and I (9) it. I (10) not do

in bed since Tuesday, practically lie

unable to do anything. I never (11) be

like this before. I don't know what

(12) to me, but I hope the happen

 medicine (13) me and soon help

I (14) recover

Write when you (15) the have

time.
158
Love, Aiice

V. Writing
Write 8—10 questions the doctors usually ask when they visit sick peo-
ple.

Write 8—10 sentences about what people should do to live longer

lives.
 я

VI.

See if you know the right answer.1

1. Of all the bones in the human body, where is the small-
est?
a) wrist b) ear c) ankle d) lips
159
2. Who invented the thermometer?
С
=5

a) Galileo b) Faraday c) Edison d) Copernik

3. How many bones are there in the human body?

a) 106 b) 206 c) 306 d) none of the above

4. Which specialist is a children's doctor?

a) neurologist b) radiologist
c) dermatologist d) pediatrician

5. Which of these diseases doesn't start because of a virus?

a) a common cold b) hepatitis
c) poliomyelitis d) malaria

The right answers are: 1. b, 2. a, 3. b, 4. d, 5. d.

Here are two jokes mixed up. Put the lines in the appropriate order.

a) "Well, every time mother talks about the wedding father

says: "Poor man."
b) " W h y ? "
c) (returning): "She said to tell you it was none of your
business."
d) "Is the man your sister is going to marry rich?"
e) "Jimmy, run over and see how old Mrs Smith is this
morning?"

1 See the answers on page 159.

 f ) "Why? What on earth did you ask her?"
g) " I don't think so."
h) "Just what you told me. I said you wanted to know how
old she was."

Joke.i Joke 2

160 1. 1.

2. 2.

3 3
r+
4 4.