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A Presentation
A Presentation
Sugar Industry
Introduction.
History of Sugar.
Sugar Manufacturing Process.
History of Sugar
• It is thought that cane sugar was first used by man in
Polynesia from where it spread to India.
• In 510 BC the Emperor Darius of what was then Persia
invaded India where he found "the reed which gives honey
without bees“.
• It was the major expansion of the Arab peoples in the
seventh century AD that led to a breaking of the secret.
When they invaded Persia in 642 AD they found sugar
cane being grown and learnt how sugar was made.
• Sugar was only discovered by western Europeans as a
result of the Crusades in the 11th Century AD.
• In the 15th century AD, European
sugar was refined in Venice.
What is Sugar?
What we call sugar, the chemist knows as
For sugarcane, the process of refining is carried out in following steps
Since cane is not transported to any great extent, the quality of the cane that a factory receives
depends on its location and is outside its control. The length of the crushing season also depends
upon location with the maximum being in south India.
Sugarcane in India is used to make either sugar, khandsari or gur. However, sugar products
produced worldwide are divided into four basic categories : granulated, brown, liquid sugar and
invert sugar.
Granulated : Granulated sugar is the pure crystalline sucrose. It can be classified into seven types of
sugar based on the crystal size. Most of these are used only by food processors and professional
bakers. Each crystal size provides unique functional characteristics that make the sugar appropriate
for the food processor's special need.
Sugar Beet
Sugar beet is a temperate climate biennial root crop.
It produces sugar during the first year of growth in order
to see it over the winter and then flowers and seeds in the second year.
It is therefore sown in spring and harvested in the first autumn/early winter.
As for sugar cane, there are many cultivars available to the beet farmer.
The beet stores the sucrose in the bulbous root which
bears a strong resemblance to a fat parsnip.
A typical sugar content for mature beets is 17% by weight but the value depends on
the variety
and it does vary from year to year and location to location.
This is substantially more than the sucrose content of mature cane
but the yields of beet per hectare are much lower than for cane
so that the expected sugar production is only about 7 tons per hectare.
The processes in this industry are
Cane Shredding
The cane is broken/cut into small pieces to enable easier movement through the milling machine.
Milling
The shredded cane is passed through rollers which crush them to extract cane juice. [Similar to the
cane juice extracted by the vendors who sell you sugar cane juice.]
Heating and Adding lime
The extracted juice is then heated to make it a concentrate and lime is added to the heated juice.
Clarification
Muddy substance is removed from the concentrate through this process
Evaporation
Water is removed from the juice by evaporation.
Crystallisation and Separation
Sugar crystals are grown from the dry juice concentrate in this process.
Spinning
Molasses are separated from sugar using Centrifugals in this process.
Drying
Sugar is obtained by drying the wet raw sugar obtained in the spinning process.
How is sugar processed?