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 BRITISH STANDARD BS 5649-9:
1982
EN 40-9
Licensed Copy: Technical Information Services Dept ., CNL Technical Information Services, 09 February 2004, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

Lighting columns —
Part 9: Specification of special
requirements for reinforced and
prestressed concrete lighting columns

This European Standard EN 40-9 was given, as from 29 October 1982 the status
of a British Standard and will replace the relevant requirements of BS 1308,
BS 1840 and BS 3989 (see national foreword).

UDC 624.971–033.37/.33:621.971
 BS 5649-9:1982

Cooperating organizations
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The European Committee for Standardization, under whose supervision this

European Standard was prepared, comprises the national standards
organizations of the following Western European countries:

Austria Österreichisches Normungsinstitut

Belgium Institut Belge de Normalisation
Denmark Dansk Standardiseringsraad
Finland Suomen Standardisoimisliitto, r.y.
France Association Française de Normalisation
Germany Deutsches Institut für Normung E.V.
Ireland Institute for Industrial Research and Standards
Italy Ente Nazionale Italiano di Unificazione
Netherlands Nederlands Normalisatie-instituut
Norway Norges Standariseringsforbund
Portugal Repartiçâo de Normalizaçâo
Spain Instituto Nacional de Racionalización y Normalización
Sweden Standardiseringskommissionen i Sverige
Switzerland Association Suisse de Normalisation
United Kingdom British Standards Institution

This British Standard was

published under the authority
of the Board of BSI and comes
into effect on Amendments issued since publications
29 October 1982
Amd. No. Date of issue Comments
© BSI 01-1999

The following BSI references

relate to the work on this
standard:
Committee reference RDB/28
Draft for comment 77/10157 DC

ISBN 0 580 12892 X

 BS 5649-9:1982

Contents
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Page
Cooperating organizations Inside front cover
National foreword ii
Brief history 2
Foreword 2
1 Scope and field of application 3
2 General requirements 3
3 Specific requirements for reinforced concrete 4
4 Specific requirements for prestressed concrete 5
Annex A UK national particularity 6
Annex B Method of testing the concrete cover of the reinforcement 6
Annex C Test for water absorption 6
National appendix A 7
National appendix B 7
Table 1 — Corrected compressive strength of concrete after 28 days for
some other types of test piece 4
Publications referred to Inside back cover

© BSI 01-1999 i
 BS 5649-9:1982

National foreword
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BS 5649 will be issued in Parts as they are completed and approved, and until the
first nine Parts are published it will not be possible to supersede the present
British Standards for lighting columns. As the Parts are issued recommendations
will be given for their implementation together with a list of clauses in the
existing standards which they will eventually supersede. It is hoped that a
gradual change-over will be obtained which will terminate with the total
withdrawal of the existing standards.
The British Standard affected by BS 5649-9 is BS 1308, a specification for
concrete street lighting columns. It is anticipated that the affected clauses in the
existing standard BS 1308 will be withdrawn three years from the date of the last
Part published, of Parts 3 to 9 of this standard.
Part 9 of BS 5649 covers some or all of the requirements also covered in the
following clauses of the existing British Standard, BS 1308.
BS 1308
1.3 Cement
1.4 Aggregate
1.5 Pigment
1.6 Concrete
1.7 Curing
1.8.1 Finish
1.9 Concrete cover for reinforcement
1.16 Fittings
1.19 Age at test
1.21 Quality control tests
2.1 Concrete strength
2.2 Water absorption
2.3 Reinforcement
3.1 Concrete strength
3.2 Water absorption
3.3 Prestressing steel
3.4 Untensioned steel reinforcement
3.5 Resistance to impact
3.6 Pretensioning and release of wires
Appendix A Test for water absorption
It should be noted that the work on the further Part, dealing with special
requirements for plastics columns and mentioned in the CEN foreword, is not
now to proceed.
National appendix B lists the British Standards which relate to EN 40-9.
NOTE The titles of the publications referred to in this standard are listed on the inside back cover.
Convention. In this European Standard the comma has been used as a decimal
marker. In British Standards it is current practice to use a full point on the
baseline as the decimal marker.
A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application.
Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity
from legal obligations.

Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii,
the EN title page, pages 2 to 8, an inside back cover and a back cover.
This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had
amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the
inside front cover.

ii © BSI 01-1999
 EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 40-9
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM Edition 1
Licensed Copy: Technical Information Services Dept ., CNL Technical Information Services, 09 February 2004, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

February 1982

UDC 624.971–033.37/.33:621.971

Key words: Luminaire, lighting column, street lighting, concrete product, reinforced concrete, prestressed concrete, materials
specifications, quality control

English version

Lighting columns —
Part 9: Special requirements for reinforced and
prestressed concrete lighting columns

Candélabres d’éclairage public Lichtmaste

Prescriptions spéciales pour les candélabres Besondere Anforderungen für Maste aus
d’éclairage public en béton armé et en béton Stahlbeton und Spannbeton
précontraint

This European Standard was accepted by CEN on 1980-08-20. The CEN

members are bound to adhere to the CEN Internal Regulations which specify
under which conditions this European Standard has to be given, without any
alteration, the status of a national standard.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Central Secretariat or to
any CEN member.
This European Standard is established by CEN in three official versions
(English, French, German). A translation made by another member under its
own responsibility, in its own language, and notified to CEN has the same
status.
CEN members are the national standards organizations of Austria, Belgium,
Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands,
Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

CEN
European Committee for Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation
Europäisches Komitee für Normung
Central Secretariat: rue Bréderode 2 B-1000 Brussels

©Copyright reserved to all CEN members

 EN 40-9
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Brief history
This European Standard was drawn up by the
Technical Committee CEN/TC 50 “Lighting
columns and spigots”, the Secretariat of which is
held by BSI.
This European Standard was adopted by CEN on
the strength of its acceptance by the following
member countries:
Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Italy,
Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland,
United Kingdom.
1)
At present still a draft.
2 © BSI 01-1999
Foreword
This European Standard was drawn up by the
member countries of CEN/TC 50 Austria, Belgium,
France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Switzerland
and United Kingdom (Secretariat).
The standard EN 40 “Lighting columns” consists of
the following Parts:
— Part 1: Definitions and terms;
— Part 2: Dimensions and tolerances;
— Part 3: Materials;
— Part 4: Surface protection of metal lighting
columns;
— Part 5: Base compartments and cableways;
— Part 6: Loads;
— Part 7: Verification of structural design by
calculation1);
— Part 8: Verification of structural design by
testing;
— Part 9: Special requirements for reinforced and
prestressed concrete lighting columns.
A further Part dealing with special requirements for
plastics columns is in preparation.

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1 Scope and field of application
This European Standard specifies the special
requirements for reinforced and prestressed
concrete lighting columns. It applies to post top
columns < 20 m nominal height and to columns
with brackets < 18 m nominal height.
2 General requirements
2.1 Materials
2.1.1 General. The materials used in the column
shall comply with either the national standards of
the country in which the column is to be used or with
the national standards agreed with the purchaser.
2.1.2 Cement. The cement shall comply with
national standards as specified in 2.1.2 and shall be
suitable for lighting columns.
2.1.3 Aggregates. Natural sand and gravel or
crushed rock with suitable particle sizes for the
production of concrete shall be used. Artificial or
lightweight aggregates shall only be used by
agreement with the purchaser.
The maximum particle size shall not exceed one
third of the smallest dimension of the finished
lighting column.
The aggregates shall be angular or rounded. They
shall be clean and of constant quality and grading.
Flaky aggregates shall not be used.
Marine aggregate, from salt water, shall only be
used by agreement between the purchaser and the
supplier.
The water soluble chloride content shall not
exceed 0,02 % by mass.
2.1.4 Water. The water used shall be clean and free
from harmful matter either in solution or in
suspension.
2.1.5 Admixtures and additives. Only those
additives and admixtures permitted by the relevant
national standards shall be used.
2.1.6 Concrete. The cement content of the concrete
shall be not less than 350 kg/m3.
The mix design, mixing and compaction shall be
such as to obtain the necessary strength in the
product and shall comply with the following:
a) the cement shall be measured by mass to an
accuracy of 5 %;
b) the mechanical mixing shall be carried out
until a homogeneous mixture is obtained;
c) to ensure that proper compaction can be
achieved the concrete shall be transported under
conditions which avoid segregation of the mix
and/or the commencement of the initial set of the
concrete;
© BSI 01-1999
EN 40-9
d) compaction shall be carried out by vibration,
centrifugation or other efficient means;
e) after compaction in the mould the concrete
shall be protected from shocks, bad weather and
drying;
f) where accelerated hardening is used this shall
not adversely affect the required properties of the
finished products;
g) the concrete shall have a temperature
between 5 °C and 32 °C when it is placed in the
mould and shall remain at a temperature
above 5 °C until the concrete has reached the
strength specified by the design. Whichever
means are used (heating of the aggregates, the
water, the moulds) it is important to prevent any
harm being done by ice or excessive heat.
The concrete shall not be placed in moulds which are
colder than 0 °C or hotter than 35 °C.
2.1.7 Reinforcing steel and prestressing steel. Before
use, all steel shall be freed from all materials which
could impair its bond, e.g. dirt, grease, ice or loose
rust. A thin film of rust or rust staining on the steel
is permitted.
2.2 Construction details
2.2.1 Spacing of reinforcements. The spacing of the
reinforcements at any part of the column shall be
not less than the largest of the following
measurements taken at that part of the column:
a) 10 mm;
b) The maximum diameter of reinforcement;
c) The particle size of the predominant aggregate.
2.2.2 Reinforcement cover. The minimum cover over
the reinforcement shall be not less than:
a) ¾ of the maximum diameter of the
reinforcement;
b) 15 mm, for reinforced concrete;
c) 19 mm, for prestressed concrete.
In the case of centrifugally cast concrete, the
minimum cover may be 5 mm less than the above
values in b) and c).
The method of verification shall be as specified in
Annex B or other methods as agreed between the
purchaser and supplier.
3
 EN 40-9
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2.3 Quality control
2.3.1 Concrete
2.3.1.1 Compressive strength. The compressive
strength for design of the finished lighting column
shall be determined by the resistance to
compression of test pieces at 28 days. One test piece
for each mix design produced shall be tested at 28
days but in any case at least three test pieces shall
be taken per day and per hatching plant, and these
may be either cylinders or cubes. The compressive
strength at transfer for prestressed concrete
lighting columns shall be determined by the
resistance to compression of test pieces at the
appropriate age.
The strength of concrete to be taken into
consideration shall be that of the concrete in the
lighting column at 28 days or at transfer as
appropriate. This strength shall be obtained from
the test results of cylinders or cubes. Where the
process of manufacture is such that the strength of
the concrete in the lighting column differs from that
of cylinders or cubes, the two may be related by the
application of a suitable conversion factor greater
than unity. If the purchaser requires evidence of
this factor, it shall be requested before placing the
order, and the manufacturer shall supply this
evidence. Where the manufacturer cannot provide
evidence of a suitable conversion factor, then the
strength of the cylinder or cube shall be taken as the
strength of concrete.
The compressive strengths given in this document
relate to test cylinders 150 mm in diameter
and 300 mm long. Where other test pieces are used
the results shall be related to the result on this test
cylinder by the correction factors in Table 1.
If measurements have been carried out on other
types of test pieces than those defined above or after
a time other than 28 days, the compressive strength
obtained shall be multiplied by a correction
coefficient justified by comparative tests and agreed
between purchaser and supplier.
Table 1 — Corrected compressive
strength of concrete after 28 days for
some other types of test piece
Type of test Corrected compressive strength
piece used
Cylindrical test pieces 150 mm in
diameter 300 mm long
cube 200 mm fcyl = 0,83. f cub 200
cube 150 mm fcyl = 0,80. fcub 150
cube 100 mm fcyl = 0,78. fcub 100
4 © BSI 01-1999
The manufacture, curing and testing of the test
pieces shall conform to the national standards of the
country in which the column is to be used.
2.3.1.2 Water absorption. If requested by the
purchaser, determination of the water absorption
shall be in accordance with the test described in
Annex C.
2.3.2 Surface finish. The external concrete surfaces
shall be smooth unless special finishing is required
by the purchaser, free from voids, honeycombing,
staining and other large blemishes.
The arrises where used shall be clean and distinct.
Upon receipt by the purchaser concrete columns
shall normally be free from visible cracks, but
limited superficial non-structural cracking from
crazing, shrinkage and the end effects of
prestressing shall be acceptable if less than 0,1 mm
in width.
3 Specific requirements for reinforced
concrete
3.1 Concrete
The 28 day compressive strength of the concrete
when tested in accordance with 2.3.1.1 shall be not
less than that specified for the design nor less
than 32 N/mm2.
3.2 Reinforcement
3.2.1 Lapped joints in longitudinal reinforcement.
Lapped reinforcement joints shall comply with the
requirements contained in national standards
where these exist. In any case, the following
requirements shall be met.
Where possible, reinforcing bars shall be in one
piece throughout the length of the column. If this is
not possible, there shall be not more than one
overlap joint in any cross-section and the joints shall
be staggered by at least 500 mm.
For deformed reinforcing bars, the lap length shall
be not less than 25 times the diameter of the bar,
plus 150 mm.
For plain reinforcing bars, the lap length shall be
not less than 50 times the diameter of the bar.
3.2.2 Welding of longitudinal reinforcement bars.
The reinforcement bars, if welded, shall be welded
in accordance with the national standards of the
country in which the lighting column is to be used.
Where such standards do not exist welding may be
carried out with the agreement of the purchaser
provided the strength of the welded joint is not less
than the design strength of the parent bar.

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3.2.3 Spacing of reinforcement. Spacing devices and
other means of positioning the reinforcements to
protect them from corrosion shall be correctly
embedded in the concrete. They shall not cause
spalling or staining of the concrete.
4 Specific requirements for
prestressed concrete
4.1 Concrete
The 28 day compressive strength of the concrete
shall be as specified in 3.1.
4.2 Prestressing
4.2.1 Tensioning of tendons. The application of the
stress shall be tested:
a) by direct or indirect measuring of the stresses
applied, or
b) by measuring the elongation of the tendons, or
c) by making both measurements
simultaneously.
The stress in the prestressing tendon shall not
exceed 0,7.fpkt except during the stressing operation
when the allowable stress may be increased
temporarily up to but not exceeding 0,8. fpkt, where
fpkt is the characteristic ultimate tensile strength.
Prestressing tendons shall be protected from the
weather and mechanical damage before use.
© BSI 01-1999
EN 40-9
4.2.2 Concrete. Transfer of the stress shall be either
simultaneous for all the prestressing reinforcement,
or progressive. It shall under no circumstances take
place before the compressive strength of the
concrete, when tested in accordance with 2.3.1.1,
has reached that specified for the design, but shall
not be less than 25 N/mm2.
4.3 Additional untensioned reinforcement
When required by the purchaser additional
untensioned reinforcement to improve impact
resistance or strength may be provided for columns
above 8 m:
a) longitudinal reinforcement with a total
cross-sectional area of at least 280 mm2
extending from at least 600 mm above the door
opening to at least 600 mm below ground level,
and
b) adequate transverse reinforcement.
4.4 Welding of longitudinal reinforcement
bars
The reinforcement, if welded, shall be welded in
accordance with 3.2.2.
4.5 Spacing of reinforcement
Spacing of reinforcement shall comply with 3.2.3.
5
 EN 40-9
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Annex A UK national particularity
Clause 2.2.2
For columns to be used in the UK the values for
cover in 2.2.2 shall be amended as follows:
b) 19 mm in lieu of 15 mm.
The requirements of b) and c) may be reduced
by 6 mm for centrifugally cast concrete.
Annex B Method of testing the
concrete cover of the reinforcement
An electromagnetic device may be used, which shall
be calibrated prior to each test by the methods given
below to an accuracy within ± 5 % or ± 2 mm,
whichever is the greater.
Method 1.
Calibrate the meter by taking a reinforcement bar
before it is placed in the concrete and applying a
thickness of rubber corresponding to the prescribed
minimum cover. This will enable the meter to be
calibrated correctly. It is essential that the complete
reinforcement is used in the measurement since the
diameter and the direction of the bars will influence
the reading considerably. Where curved
reinforcements are used the meter has to be
calibrated on the same curved reinforcements or
inaccuracies will occur.
Method 2.
Alternatively concrete sections shall be used as
calibration samples. In the case of overlap joints,
there shall be at least one sample with
reinforcement of this form. The concrete used in the
calibration samples shall be as nearly as possible
identical with the concrete used in the units.
6 © BSI 01-1999
Annex C Test for water absorption
C.1 The test piece shall weigh at least 3 kg. A test
piece or a core shall be used as a representative test
piece.
C.2 The testing method shall be as follows:
Dry the test piece for 72 h in a suitably ventilated
drying oven the temperature of which, as measured
by a thermometer suspended centrally, is
between 100 °C and 110 °C. On removal from the
drying oven, cool the test piece to ambient
temperature, weigh it and immediately immerse it
in water at a temperature of 20 ± 1 °C. After 10 min,
take the test piece out of the water and dry it with a
cloth for about half a minute then weigh it again.
Then submerge it in water again for a period of 24 h,
at the end of which take it out, wipe it with a dry
cloth and re-weigh it.
The water absorption as a percentage of the dry
mass shall be taken as:
wet mass – dry mass
----------------------------------------------------------- ⋅ 100
dry mass
C.3 The increase in mass shall not exceed:
a) 2,5 % of the dry mass after 10 min;
b) 6,5 % of the dry mass after 24 h.
 BS 5649-9:1982
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National appendix A
The UK participation in the preparation of this European Standard came under the direction of the Road
Engineering Standards Committee of BSI. The following organizations were involved in the work on this
standard:
Aluminium Federation
British Precast Concrete Federation Ltd.
British Steel Industry
Cement and Concrete Association
County Surveyors’ Society
Department of Transport
Design Council
Electricity Supply Industry in England and Wales
Institution of Highway Engineers
Institution of Mechanical Engineers
Institution of Municipal Engineers
Institution of Public Lighting Engineers
Lighting Column Manufacturers’ Association
Lighting Industry Federation Ltd.

National appendix B
The following British Standards relate to the relevant clauses of EN 40-9.

Number Title Relevant clause

BS 12 Specification for ordinary and rapid-hardening Portland cement 2.1.1 and 2.1.2
BS 146 Portland-blastfurnace cement 2.1.1 and 2.1.2
BS 812 Methods for sampling and testing of mineral aggregates, sands and
fillers 2.1.1 and 2.1.3
BS 63 Single-sized roadstone and chippings 2.1.1 and 2.1.3
BS 882, BS 1201 Aggregates from natural sources for concrete (including granolithic) 2.1.1 and 2.1.3
BS 3148 Methods of test for water for making concrete (including notes on the
suitability of the water) 2.1.1 and 2.1.4
BS 5075 Concrete admixtures 2.1.1 and 2.1.5
BS 1014 Pigments for Portland cement and Portland cement products 2.1.1 and 2.1.5
BS 4449 Specification for hot rolled steel bars for the reinforcement of concrete2.1.1
BS 4461 Specification for cold worked steel bars for the reinforcement of
concrete 2.1.1
BS 4482 Hard drawn mild steel wire for the reinforcement of concrete 2.1.1
BS 5896 Specification for high tensile steel wire strand for the prestressing of
concrete 2.1.1
BS 4408 Recommendations for non-destructive methods of test for concrete
Part 1 Electromagnetic cover measuring devices 2.2.2
BS 1881 Methods of testing concrete 2.3.1.1
BS CP 110 The structural use of concrete (clause 7.6 welding) 3.2.2 and 4.4

© BSI 01-1999 7
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8blank
 BS 5649-9:1982

Publications referred to
Licensed Copy: Technical Information Services Dept ., CNL Technical Information Services, 09 February 2004, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI

BS 1308, Concrete street lighting columns2).

EN 40, Lighting columns3).
BS 5649-1, Definitions and terms.
BS 5649-2, Dimensions and tolerances.
BS 5649-3, Specification for materials and welding requirements4).
BS 5649-4, Recommendations for surface protection of metal lighting columns.
BS 5649-5, Specification for base compartments and cableways.
BS 5649-6, Specification for design loads.
BS 5649-7, Method for verification of structural design by calculation5).
BS 5649-8, Method for verification of structural design by testing.
BS 5649-9, Specification of special requirements for reinforced and prestressed concrete lighting columns.

2)
Referred to in the national foreword only.
3)
Referred to in the foreword only.
4)
BS 5649-3 includes an additional (national) clause concerning welding; it is otherwise technically equivalent to EN 40-3
(see foreword of BS 5649-3 for details).
5) At present still a draft.

© BSI 01-1999
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