A.

THE TITLE OF EXPERIMENT

Ion Exchange Chromatography

B. OBJECTIVE OF EXPERIMENT
1. To know how to determine the capacity of ion exchange.
2. To know how to separate the mixture of Ni2+ and Fe3+.

C. LITERATURE RIVIEW
Cation interferences are readily removed with a strong cation exchange
resin in the hydrogen form:
2Rz- H+ + (M)2 SO 4 → 2Rz- M + + H2 SO 4
a strong cation resin contains a −SO3H groups integral to the resin, which can
exchange metal cations with protons, removing the metal ion, as in the
equation.The titration is carried out in an aqueous–organic solvent mixture. The
organic solvent decreases the dissociation of the indicator and thereby hinders
formation of a barium–indicator complex. It also results in a moreflocculant
precipitate (formed when colloids come out of suspension in the form of flocs or
flakes) with better adsorption properties for the indicator (Christian, 2014: 381).
Ion exchange is a process by which ions held on a porous, essentially
insoluble solid are exchanged for ions in a solution that is brought in contact with
the solid. The ionexchangeproperties of clays and zeolites have been recognized
and studied for morethan a century. Synthetic ion-exchange resins were first
produced in the mid-1930s and have since found widespread application in water
softening, water deionization,solution purification, and ion separation.Synthetic
ion-exchange resins are high-molecular-mass polymers that contain large numbers
of an ionic functional group per molecule. Cation-exchange resins containacidic
groups, while anion-exchange resins have basic groups. Strong-acid-
typeexchangers have sulfonic acid groups (-SO3-H+) attached to the polymeric
matrix and have wider application than weak-acid-type exchangers, which owe
their action to carboxylic acid (-COOH) groups (Skoog, 2014: 857-858).
 Ion exchange chromatography uses supports with ion exchange
functionalities as the stationary phase. The mechanism of separation is based on
ion exchange equilibria.Hydrophobic interactions play a strong role in most ion
exchange separationsnevertheless, particularly in anion exchange
chromatography. In size exclusion chromatography,solvated molecules are
separated according to their size by their ability to penetrate into porous pockets
and passages in the stationary phase.In every case, successive equilibria determine
to what extent the analyte stays behind inthe stationary phase or moves along with
the eluent (mobile phase). In columnchromatography, the column may be packed
with small particles that act as thestationary phase (adsorption chromatography) or
are coated with a thin layer of liquid phase (partition chromatography). In gas
chromatography, the most common formtoday is a capillary column in which a
virtual liquid phase, often a polymer, is coatedor bonded on the wall of the
capillary tube (Christian, 2014: 605).
The law of mass action can be used to treat ion-exchange equilibria. For
example, when a dilute solution containing calcium ions is passed through a
column packedwith a sulfonic acid resin, the following equilibrium is established:
+¿ (aq )¿
2+¿ ( res) +2H ¿
2+¿ ( aq ) +2 H +¿ (res ) ↔Ca ¿
¿
Ca
for which the equilibrium constant Kr is given by
K ' =¿ ¿ ¿
as usual, the bracketed terms are molar concentrations (strictly speaking,
activities) of the species in the two phases. Note that [Ca 2+]res and [H+]res are
molar concentration of the two ions in the solid phase. In contrast to most solids,
however, thesconcentrations can vary from zero to some maximum value when all
of the negative sites on the resin are occupied by one species only (Skoog, 2014:
858).
Chromatography on classical ion exchange resins. Although many
chromatographic separations have been carried out on classical ion exchange
resins that weretypically gel-type ion exchangers (meaning a solid polymer bead
with no porosityother than on a molecular scale in the polymer lattice) and were
fairly large particles(at least 25–37 μm diameter), such resins are no longer used
for analytical separations.They are, however, extensively used in water softening,
water purification, high-puritywater production, certain large-scale separation of
metals (including radionuclides), ascatalysts, and the production of many
pharmaceuticals, sugar, and beverages (includingpurifying fruit juice). They are
also widely used in the laboratory to convert acompound in one ionic form to
another. It is important to have an appreciation of theclassical ion exchange resins
and how they work before modern stationary phases for ion exchange are
discussed (Christian, 2014: 658).
There are many uses for ion-exchange resins. They are used in many
cases to eliminate ions that would otherwise interfere with an analysis. For
example, iron(III),aluminum(III), and many other cations tend to coprecipitate
with barium sulfateduring the determination of sulfate ion. Passing the solution
that contains sulfatethrough a cation-exchange resin results in the retention of
these interfering cationsand the release of an equivalent number of hydrogen ions.
Sulfate ions pass freelythrough the column and can be precipitated as barium
sulfate from the effluent.Another valuable application of ion-exchange resins is to
concentrate ions from adilute solution. Thus, traces of metallic elements in large
volumes of natural waterscan be collected on a cation-exchange column and
subsequently liberated from theresin by treatment with a small volume of an
acidic solution (Skoog, 2014: 859).
Cation exchange resins contain functional groups where the cation is
mobileand is replaceable by another cation. They are typically sold in the H + or
the Na+ form. The strong-acid type exchangers have-SO3H groups that are fully
ionized. Weak-acidcation exchangers have -COOH groups (or in special resins
-PO3H (phosphonicacid) groups), these are only partially ionized
n+¿ ↔ ¿ ¿
+ ¿+ M ¿

n Resin−SO 3−¿H ¿

and
n+¿ ↔ ¿ ¿
+ ¿+ M ¿

n Resin−COOH −¿ H ¿

The equilibrium can be shifted to the left or the right by respectively increasing
[H+] or [Mn+] or by changing the amount of resin present at constant [H +] or [Mn+]
(Christian, 2014: 659).
 With the first introduction of fresh mobile phase, the eluent, the portion
of
the sample contained in the mobile phase moves down the column, where
furtherpartitioning between the mobile phase and the stationary phase occurs
(time t1).Partitioning between the fresh mobile phase and the stationary phase
takes placesimultaneously at the site of the original sample. Further additions of
solvent carry solute molecules down the column in a continuousseries of transfers
between the two phases. Because solute movement can occur only in the mobile
phase, the average rate at which a solute migrates dependson the fraction of time it
spends in that phase (Skoog, 2014: 862).
The exchange capacity of a resin is the total number of equivalents of
replaceable hydrogen per unit volume or per unit weight of resin, and it is
determined by the numberand strength of fixed ionic groups on the resin. Typical
ion exchange capacities are of theorder of 1–4milliequivalents/gram. The greater
the ion exchange capacity of a column,the greater is the solute retention. Whereas
the behavior of strong-acid type resinsis largely independent of pH, retention by
weak-acid cation exchangers is highly pHdependent. Below ∼pH 4, the resins
“hold on” to the protons too strongly for exchange to occur. But this pH
dependent tunability of affinity for non-H+cations providesa dimension for
separation control that is not available with strong-acid type resins.Stationary
phases used today for cation separation in ion chromatography are nearlyalways
based on weak-acid exchangers. These type of exchangers do not, however,
interact well with weak bases these are better separated on strong-acid exchangers
(Christian, 2014: 659).
In ion-exchange chromatography (IEC) the stationary phase is a cross-
linked polymer resin, usually divinylbenzene cross-linked polystyrene, with
covalently attachedionic functional groups. The counterions to these fixed charges
are mobile and can be displaced by ions that compete more favorably for the
exchangesites. Ion-exchange resins are divided into four categories: strong acid
cation exchangers;weak acid cation exchangers; strong base anion exchangers;
and weak base anion exchangers.Strong acid cation exchangers include a sulfonic
acid functional group that retains its anionic form, and thus its capacity for ion-
exchange, in strongly acidic solutions (Harvey, 2000: 590-591).
Although prima facie, a cation has no affinity for anion exchangers and
cationsper se cannot be separated on anion exchangers, separations of the majority
oftransition metals, heavy metals or rare earth metals have long been carried out
on anionexchangers. The trick here is that in the presence of complexing anions,
the metalsactually form anionic complexes, which then bind to anion exchangers.
Concentratedhydrochloric acid forms anionic chlorocomplexes with all but a few
metals; a varietyof metals have thus been separated on a strong-base type anion
exchanger with an HClgradient.In fact, the difference in selectivity among
different transition metals or different rare earth metals on a standard cation
exchanger is solittle that a straight cation exchange separation will simply not be
possible. It is thedifferences in the complexation constant with the complexing
eluent that ultimatelybrings about the separation. As the complexing agents are
either weak acids or bases,their complexing ability depends on pH as well, and a
pH gradient can be a further tool to control the separation (Chistian, 2014: 660).
To include pH effects in the model, the pH must be calculated at each
point in the bulk-fluid and particle phases. The pH at any point and time in the
column is affected by the concentrations of buffer, acid, and base, and the amount
of H+ and OH-sorbed by the resin. The equations for the calculation of pH are
shown below for cationexchange. For anion exchange, pOH is calculated by
equations similar to these (Mehay, 2014: 218).
Cation-exchange chromatography was performed on a
BioLogic™chromatography systemThe column was eluted at a flow rate of 1
mL/min, and the rEC-SOD eluant was collected in 10 mL tubes. After elution, the
column was washedwith 100% elution buffer B for 20 min and equilibrated with
100% equilibrium buffer for20 min. Elution was monitored at 280 nm. The
cation-exchange chromatography fractions containing rEC-SOD were
furtherseparated by semi-preparative liquid chromatography (Son, 2009: 1588).

D. APPARATUS AND CHEMICAL

1. Apparatus
a. Burette 50 mL (2 units)
b. Analytical balance (1 unit)
c. Erlenmeyer flask 250 mL (2 units)
d. Separate funnel 250 mL (1 unit)
e. Beaker glass 100 mL (2 units)
f. Stative and clamp (@2 units)
g. Graduated cylinder 250 mL (1 unit)
h. Stirrer (1 unit)
i. Reguler funnel (1 unit)
j. Drop pipette (4 units)
k. Test tube (3 units)
l. Spatula (1 unit)
m. Spray bottle (1 unit)
n. Rough and soft cloth (@1 unit)
o. Clamp (1 unit)
2. Chemicals
a. Anion exchange resin that strong base (Dowex-sowx8)
b. Sodium nitrate 0.25 M solution (NaNO3)
c. Potassium chromate solution (K2CrO4)
d. Hydrochloric acid concentrated (HCl)
e. Hydrochloric acid 0.5 M solution (HCl)
f. Silver nitrate standard solution 0.1 M (AgNO3)
g. Dymethilglioxyme solution (C4H8O2N2)
h. Potassium thiocyanatesolution (KSCN)
i. Aquadest (H2O)
j. Sample solution of Ni2+ and Fe3+
k. Aluminium foil
l. Cotton
m. Tissue

C. WORK PROCEDURES
1. Determine of Anion Exchange Resin Capacity
a. Burette was contained by aquadest. The air was removed that trapped under the
burette.
b. The cotton was entered into a burette.
c. 0.511 grams of anion resin was added with amount of aquadest to wash the
resin.
d. Anion resin was added into burette.
e. Burette was filled with aquadest and it was removed.
f. Resin was with aquadest until all of pure of resin were immersed and covered
with cotton
g. Separatory funnel was filled with 300 mL sodium nitrate 0.25 M solution.
h. Sodium nitrate 0.25 M solution was allowed with the flows into coloumn in 2
drops in one minutes.
i. 100 mL of efluent was titrated with silver nitrate solution in which the
indicator used was potassium chromate to detect the end of titration.
j. Titration process was repeated for two times.
2. Separation of Ni2+ and Fe3+
a. 10 gram of amberlite IR-400 resin was balanced and it was added with
aquadest.
b. Resin was were put into the burette which was filled by cotton and aquadest.
c. Burette wall was washed by aquadest and the volume of aquadest was
approximately 1 cm over the surface of resin and covered with cotton.
d. 10 mL of hydrochloric acid concentrated solution was entered to the burette
with rapidly ±0.5 mL/minute.
e. 1 mL of sample solution of Ni2+ and Fe3+ was filled into the burette.
f. The solution was let flow through the coloumn.
g. Eluent I was collected into test tube and 1 mL of efluent I was tested with
dimethyl glioxyme solution.
h. 10 mL of hydrochloric acid solution 0.5 M was put into the separation funnel.
i. The solution was let flow through the coloumn.
j. Eluent II was collected into test tube and 1 mL of efluent II was tested with
potassium thiocyanatesolution.

D. OBSEVATION RESULT
1. The Capacity of Anion Exchange Resin

No Activities Results
.
1. 0.511 g of anion resin was weighing Red brown resin
2. Anion resin crystal + aquadest Puffy resin
3. Some cotton was put to the column + cation Resin in the top and cotton
resi + aquadest in bottom with aquadest ±1
cm
4. NaNO3 0.25 M was put into the separation NaNO3 300 mL (colorless)
funnel
5. Let the NaNO3 0.25 M solution flow to the NaNO3 (colorless) come out
column as efluent in erlenmeyer
6. Retain the efluent in erlenmeyer 100 mL efluent (colorless)
(2 efluent)
7. Efluent was titrated by AgNO3 0.1 M + colorless solution→young
K2Cr2O4 indicator pink solution + white
precipitate
2. Separation of Ni2+ and Fe2+ ion
No. Activities Results
1. 10.043 g of anion resin was weighing Red brown resin
2. Anion resin crystal + aquadest Puffy resin
3. Some cotton was put to the column + anion Resin in the top and
resin + aquadest cotton in the bottom with
aquadest ± 1 cm
4. Concentrated HCl was put into the separation 10mL of solution
funnel (colorless)
5. Concentrated HCl, let it solution flow to the HCl (colorless) come out
column as efluent in erlenmeyer
2+ 3+
6. Ni and Fe sample was put into the Yellowish green solution
separation funnel
7. The solution was let flow through the column Yellowish green solution
 (efluent I)
8. 10mL of HCl solution (0.5 M) was put into the Colorless solution
separation funnel
9. The efluent was retain in erlenmeyer Yellowish green solution
(efluent II)
10. Efluent I was test with dimethylglioxyme Not formed precipitate

11. Efluent II was test with KSCN Lessbrown solution

1. Ion exchange resin capacity (anion)

[AgNO3] = 0.1 N
Mass of resin = 0.511 g
Volume of AgNO3 = 14.4mL
= 15 mL
2. Separation of Ni2+ and Fe3+ ion
Efluent I = [Ni(Cl)4]2- (colorless)
Efluent II = [Fe(Cl)6]3- (less brown)

G. DATA ANALYSIS
The determination of anion exchange resin capacity
Known:
[AgNO3] = 0.1 N
(14.4 mL +15 mL)
Volume of AgNO3 = = 14.7 mL
2
Weight of resin = 0.511 g
Asked: C = .....?
Problem solving:
AgNO3 → Ag+ + NO3-
1 mole = 1 equivalent
1 mmole = 1 m.equivalent
g eq mgeq
N= →
L mL
aV
C = Fp
W
 mmole meq
=
300 mL
100 mL
x (
0.1
mL
x1
mmole )
x 14.7 mL

0.511g
1.47 meq
=3x
0.511 g
= 3 x 2.876 meq/g
= 8.628meq/g

H. DISCUSSION
Kromatografi adalah suatu teknik pemisahan molekul berdasarkan
perbedaan pola pergerakan antara fase gerak dan fase diam untuk memisahkan
komponen (berupa molekul) yang berada pada larutan. Molekul yang terlarut
dalam fase gerak, akan melewati kolom yang merupakan fase diam. Kromatografi
penukar ion adalah proses dimana ion-ion yang dipegang pada padatan berpori
yang pada dasarnya tidak larut dipertukarkan dengan ion dalam larutan yang
dibawa dalam kontak dengan padatan (Skoog, 2014: 857-858).
Mekanisme pemisahan didasarkan pada kesetimbangan pertukaran ion.
Interaksi hidrofobik memainkan peran yang kuat dalam kebanyakan pemisahan
pertukaran ion, terutama dalam kromatografi pertukaran anion. Dalam
kromatografi eksklusi ukuran, molekul terlarut dipisahkan sesuai ukurannya
dengan kemampuannya untuk masuk kedalam kantong dan bagian berpori dalam
fase diam (Christian, 2014: 658).
Adapun prinsip dasar dalam percobaan ini adalah perbedaan kecepatan
migrasi ion di dalam kolom penukar ion. Apabila resin dimasukkan ke dalam air,
maka air akan terserap dalam resin dan resin akan menggelembung, sedangkan
gugus asamnya akan larut. Prinsip kerja pada percobaan ini adalah penimbangan,
titrasi, dan pengujian.
1. Penentuan kapasitas resin penukar anion
Resin penukar anion merupakan resin yang gugus fungsionalnya memiliki
ion negatif (anion) untuk dipertukarkan. Fasa diam merupakan suatu matriks yang
kuat (rigid) dan pada permukaannya mempunyai muatan yang dapat berupa
muatan negative dan fasa geraknya adalah eluent yang keluar dari kolom yang
mengikat ion negative yang kuat. Dimina percobaan ini bertujuan untuk
menentukan kapasitas resin penukar anion. Kapasitas penukar ion dari suatu resin
penukar anion adalah jumlah banyaknya ion yang dapat ditukarkan dalam setiap
gram bahan resin tersebut. Pada percobaan ini dimana resin yang telah ditimbang
lalu ditambahkan air untuk memudahkan masuk kedalam kolom (buret), didalam
kolom telah terlebih dahulu dimasukkan kapas agar resin tidak keluar dari buret
karena ukurannya yang kecil setelah resin masuk lalu ditempatkan diatasnya
kapas lagi agar resin tidak bergerak berhamburan, lalu ditetesi larutan NaNO3
yang berada didalam corong pisah tetes demi tetes kedalam buret. Fungsi dari
resin penukar anion yakni sebagai penyediaan ion negative kuat yang akan
bertukaran dengan ion negatif yang diikat oleh NaNO3. Fungsi dari NaNO3 yakni
sebagai penyedia ion negatif yang akan bertukaran dengan ion negative kuat yang
di resin penukar anion. Kolom juga berisi aquades agar tidak terdapat rongga
udara yang dapat mengganggu pemisahan. Adapun prinsip kerjanya ialah dalam
proses penukar ion, anion dalam zat akan ditukar dengan anion dari resin anion
dalam zat atau larutan akan ditukar dengan anion yang terikat dari resin. Larutan
yang melalui kolom disebut influent, sedangkan larutan yang keluar kolom
disebut effluent. Pada proses pertukarannya adalah serapan dan proses
pengeluaran ion adalah desorpsi atau elusi.
Saat NaNO3 dimasukkan kedalam kolom, NaNO3 akan berhidrolisis
menjadi ion-ionnya yakni ion NO3-dari larutan akan bertukar dengan anion Cl- dari
resin. Pertukaran ini terjadi karena kedua ion merupakan ion yang bermuatan
negative lemah dan ion yang bermuatan negative kuat. Ion NO3-akan terikat oleh
resin karena ukuran ion NO3- lebih besar dibandingkan ukuran ion Cl-karena
kuatnya ikatan resin dipengaruhi oleh ukuran ion. Reaksi yang terjadi :
NaNO3 → Na+ + NO3-

R –NR3+Cl- + NaNO3 → R – NR3+NO3- + NaCl

Setelah itu effluent yang diperoleh, kemudian dititrasi menggunakan AgNO3,
yang sebelumnya telah dimasukkan kedalam buret. Titrasi ini disebut dengan
titrasi argentometri dengan cara Mohr dimana titrasi argentometri adalah yaitu
titrasi penentuan analit yang berupa ion halida (pada umumnya) dengan
menggunakan larutan standart perak nitrat AgNO3. Penentuan Cl dapat dilakukan
dengan menitrasi halogenida tersebut dengan AgNO3 dengan menggunakan
indicator K2CrO4. Hal ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan adanya NaCl pada efluen.
Indikator K2CrO4 berfungsi untuk mengidentifikasi terjadinya titik akhir titrasi
dari tak berwarna menjadi berwarna merah muda. Adapun fungsi dari AgNO3
yakni untuk mengendapakan AgCl. Volume AgNO3 yang digunakan dalam titrasi
ini adalah, untuk titrasi pertama dengan volume 14,4 mL dan titrasi kedua adalah
15 mL dengan volume rata-rata sebesar 14, 7 mL. Pada titik akhir titrasi, akan
terbentuk endapan berwarna putih yakni senyawa AgCrO4 pada larutan \karena
kelebihan Ag yang tidak berikatan dengan Cl- bereaksi dengan ion CrO42-dari
K2CrO4. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data, diperoleh kapasitas resin penukar anion
sebesar 8.628 meq/g artinya 1 gram resin dapat menukarkan ion sebanyak 8.628
meq/g. Adapun reaksi pada saat titrasi:
Na+ + Cl- → NaCl

NaCl + AgNO3 → NaNO3 + AgCl ↓

(endapan putih)
2AgCl + K2CrO4 → AgCrO4 + 2KCl
(endapan merah)
2. Pemisahan ion Ni2+dan Fe3+
Percobaan ini bertujuan untuk memisahkan ion Ni2+ dan ion Fe3+ dari
campuran dengan menggunakan resin penukar anion. Adapun prinsip dasar dalam
percobaan ini adalah pemisahan ion berdasarkan reaksinya terhadap asam, dan
prinsip kerja dalam percobaan ini adalah titrasi, penimbangan, pengukuran dan
pengujian. \Pertama-tama dimasukkan HCl pekat kedalam buret yang berisi resin
penukar anion lalu ditambah akan campuran Fe3+dan Ni2+. Fungsi penambahan
HCl pekat yakni sebagai pengompleks ion Ni2+ dan Fe3+. Ni2+ bereaksi dengan HCl
pekat dapat membentuk kompleks [Ni(Cl4)]2- dan Fe3+ bereaksi dengan HCl
membentuk ion kompleks [FeCl6]3-. Ion kompleks [FeCl6]3-terserap sangat kuat
oleh resin penukar anion karena memiliki tetapan kestabilan kompleks dan ukuran
ion yang lebih besar daripada ion kompleks [NiCl4]2-sehingga ion [NiCl4]2-akan
keluar terlebih dahulu dari kolom, sementara ion kompleks [FeCl6]3-akan tertahan
oleh resin penukar anion. Agar dapat mengeluarkan ion Fe3+, maka ditambahkan
HCl encer berfungsi menyebabkan ion kompleks menjadi kurang stabil sehingga
melepaskan H+ hal ini yang menyebabkan ion Fe3+akan keluar dari kolom, karena
Fe3+ merupakan ion yang kuat sehingga H+ Adapun reaksinya:
Ni2+ + 4Cl- → [NiCl4]2-
(colorless)
Fe3+ + 6Cl- → [FeCl6]3-
(colorless)
Fe3+ + 3HCl → FeCl3 + 3H+
Setelah itu dilakukan test untuk mengetahui efluen I dan efluen II mengandung
ion Ni2+dan Fe3+. Pada efluen I direaksikan dengan dimetil glioksin hasil yang
diperoleh yaitu larutan bening sedangkan efluen II direaksikan dengan kalium
tiosianat menghasilkan larutan yang berwarna coklat muda, sedangkan
berdasarkan teori warna dari [Fe(SCN)]2+ yakni merah dan [NiCl4]2-direaksikan
dengan dimetil glikosin menghasilkan warna kuning. Adapun reaksi yang terjadi:
H
O O

H3C CH3
N N
CH3 – C = N – OH C C
Ni2+ + 2 + 2H+
CH3 – C = N – OH Ni
C C
H3C N N CH3

O O
H
(nikeldimetilglioksin)
(bening)
KSCN → K+ + SCN-
Fe3+ + SCN- → [Fe(SCN)]2+
(coklatmuda)

I. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

1. Conclusion
a. The capacity of anion exchange resin is 8.628meq/g.
b. On the mixture separation of Ni2+and Fe3+, Ni2+give colorless solution when
be tested using dimethyl glyoxime and Fe3+give less brown solution when
tested with KSCN.
2. Suggestion
For the next apprentice should be pay attention when do the experiment so
that will decrease the mistaken in the experiment. And must memorized the
procedure so the experiment can be successfully.
 ANSWER QUESTION

1. Write down the structure of resin of anion exchage

2. Write down the structure of resin of kationexchage
3. Are these acids will be obtain from its salts with using resin of ion exchage ?
a. H2SO4 from Na2SO4 ; b. H3PO4 from Na2PO4 and c. HCl from NaCl
4. Is coloum of resin of ion exchage be use more than one times without
regenration of resin ?
5. Determine all chemical reaction that occur at mixture separation process of
Ni2+ and Fe2+ with resin of anion exchage.

ANSWER :
1. Structure of resin of anion exchage

– CH – CH2 – CH – CH2 – CH – CH2 –

CH2NMe+Cl- CH CH2NMe+Cl-

CH2 CH2

H3C – CH CH – CH3

Cl-Me+N – H2C CH2 – NMe+Cl-

2. Structure of resin of kationexchage

– CH – CH2 – CH – CH2 – CH – CH2 –

SO3- H+ SO3- H+
– HC – H2C – CH – CH2 – CH – CH2 –

SO3- H+ SO3- H+
3. a. Acid H2SO4 from Na2SO4 = can

Na2SO4 → 2Na+ + SO42-

2 Rz – SO3- H+ + 2Na+ SO42- 2Rz – SO4- Na+ + 2H+ SO42-

2H+ + SO42- → H2SO4

b. Acid H3PO4 from Na3PO4 = can

Na3PO4 → 3Na+ + PO43-

3 Rz – SO3- H+ + 3 Na+ PO43- 3Rz – SO4- Na+ + 3H+ PO43-

3H+ + PO43- → H3PO4

c. Acid HCl fromNaCl = can

ReaksiNaCl → Na+ + Cl–

Rz – SO3- H+ + Na+Cl- Rz – SO4- Na+ + H+Cl-

H+ + Cl- → HCl

4. Resin of coloum of ion exchage cannot be used more than one times without

regeneration of resin, because if the resin already use without regeneration, so

the ion that binding with the resin is not a pure ion.

5. Ni2+ 4Cl- → [NiCl4]2-

Fe3+ + 6Cl- → [FeCl6]3-

 APPROVAL SHEET

Complete report of Analytical Chemistry II Experiment, entitled “Ion

Exchange Chromatography” that has been written by:
name : Ade RahmawatiIdris
ID : 1513441002
class/group : Chemistry Education of ICP/ I
it has been checked by assistant and assistant coordinator so this report is
acceptable
Makassar, 2017
Assistant Coordinator Assistant

Rahmania UtariRatihPurwaningrum
ID. 1313440024 ID. 1413441011

Known by,
Responsibility Lecturer

Drs. H. Muh. Yunus, M.Si

ID. 19651231 198903 1 017
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

Christian, Garry D, et al. 2014. Analytical Chemistry Seventh Edition. United

State of America: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

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