Sexual Behavior Risk Factors

STD; HIV & AIDS

Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD) • also known as a sexually transmitted infection (STI), or venereal
disease (VD) • Sexually transmitted infections have been well known for hundreds of years. • threaten
everyone who is sexually active, although certain groups (such as prostitutes, drug users and
promiscuous individuals) are at higher risk than others.

FACTS THAT EVERYONE SHOULD KNOW

• STDs are easily spread through any personto-person transfer of bodily fluids such as semen, vaginal
secretions, or blood.

FACTS THAT EVERYONE SHOULD KNOW

• Vaginal intercourse is the classic route of STD infection. However, other important routes include anal
sex (among men or man-to-woman), oral sex, sexual abuse of children, and mother-to-baby infection
during childbirth. • Men are more likely to show clear symptoms of STDs. Symptoms in women may not
be as obvious, and the problem could be misdiagnosed

FACTS THAT EVERYONE SHOULD KNOW

• Many women infected with certain types of STDs have no early symptoms at all and may unknowingly
infect sexual partner(s).

Two Kinds of Sexual Transmission

1) Skin to Skin

Infected/ infested skin

+ Contact with susceptible skin

2) Body Fluid

Body Fluid (blood, semen, vaginal fluids & breast milk)

+ Entry into Body (needle, open skin, mucous membrane)

WHAT CAUSES STD?

• bacterial • viral • parasites

MOST COMMON KINDS OF STD

1. CHLAMYDIA
• the most common curable STD

• It infects the cervix in women, and the penile urethra in men.

• Its most frequent symptoms are pain during sex, and discharge from the penis or vagina.

• However, the reason chlamydia is so common is that most people who get chlamydia don't have
symptoms for weeks, months, or even years.

• Latex condoms are effective at preventing the disease.

2.Gonorrhea
• also known as "the clap, “

• another common bacterial STD

• In general, it infects the same organs as chlamydia, and has similar long-term effects.

• Symptoms of gonorrhea include burning when urinating and, in men, white, yellow, or green discharge
from the penis.

• many people with gonorrhea don't have symptoms.

• gonorrhea can also infect the throat

 3. Syphilis
 it can lead to serious complications if left untreated 
 transmitted by direct contact with syphilis sores, which can appear on the external
genitals and the mouth, as well as in the vagina or rectum
 these sores can appear on areas not covered by a condom, condoms only reduce the
likelihood of transmission, but not eliminate it entirely
 small painless sores (chancres) of early syphilis may heal by themselves, but that doesn't
mean the disease is gone -- it's just become more difficult to detect and treat.

4. Trichomoniasis
• the most common STD in sexually active young women.
• Some women may mistake this infection for a yeast infection or bacterial vaginosis since the
symptoms are similar: – frothy discharge, – strong vaginal odor, – pain on intercourse, –
Irritation – Itching

5. Crabs/Pubic Lice
 "Crabs" are a form of lice that live on the hair in the genital area and occasionally on
other course haired areas of the body, such as the armpits or the eyebrows.
 They are usually spread by sexual contact, although they also can be transmitted by
infested linens and clothing.
 Symptoms include itching in the genital area and visible lice or eggs. You should know
that crab lice are not the same as head lice, and that they almost never infest the hair
on the head.
 And the rumor that you have to shave off all your pubic hair if you get infected? That
simply isn't true.

6. Human Papilloma Virus/HPV

• HPV may be known as "the cervical cancer virus," but only a few types of HPV are linked to
cancer.
• Others cause genital warts, or no symptoms at all.
• Although HPV is considered incurable, its symptoms can be treated, and many people resolve
infections on their own. Recently the government approved a new vaccine to protect young
women from the four most common strains of the virus.
7.Herpes/HSV
• another viral STD
• It comes in two forms, HSV1 and HSV2.
• HSV1 is most often associated with cold sores, and HSV2 is most often associated with genital
sores.
• However, it is possible to transmit herpes from the mouth to the genitals and vice versa.

Prevention of STD

When you have sex with someone, you are having sex with everyone they have
had sex with; and everyone they have had sex with; and so on, and so on, and so
on…
• Your risk depends on the choices you make.
• Know your body.
• Do not be afraid to talk to your doctor about sex.
• Talk to your partner about STD
• Be protected.
• Understand the connection between party drugs, sex and STDs
• Abstinence
• Be faithful to your partner.