SCRIPT FOR BIOLOGY ANIMATION

INTRODUCTION
1. There are tons of things that we do every day.
2. Walking, cleaning, and even playing
3. But what do you think would make these possible?
4. Or…….
5. Have you ever wondered what's under your skin?
6. hmmmmmmm…..
7. Bones?
8. Hmmmmmmm…. Except for that!
9. Maybe the internal organs?...........
10. Close enough…..
11. Okay!..... It is the muscles!
12. So, what are muscles?
13. Muscles are squishy body tissues that contract and relax for us to move smoothly.
14. What are their purpose? You ask.
15. I shall begin answering your question with the story of the Muscular System.
16. (proceed to general muscle functions).
GENERAL FUNCTIONS OF THE MUSCLES
17. I’m pretty sure that you have come across the question “what keeps us moving?” several times in your mind.
18. Like how our body stands straight despite the heavy downward pull of gravity?
19. Or even what keeps us warm and alive?
20. It is all because our muscular system supporting us and continuously keeps our body going.
21. Walking, swimming, maintaining the average body temperature, and maintaining our posture are our muscles'
functions.
22. First, our muscles allow us to swim, walk or perform any movements because of muscle contractions.
23. Our muscles even help us express our emotions through facial muscle movements like smiling at someone we
love.
24. Second, our muscles also help us to stand straight despite gravity.
25. Not only that, the muscle tendons extremely reinforces and stabilizes our joints, which enable our body to make
coordinated movements like typing this script.
26. Lastly, our muscles also act as a natural blanket. It helps maintain our average body temperature. Nearly three-
quarters of heat escapes from the consumption of ATP for muscle contraction. Consequently, the energy that
escapes as heat is essential in maintaining body temperature.

ANATOMY OF MUSCLES

27. Now, that we know the functions of our muscles, let us take a closer look on how our natural blanket – our
muscles look like microscopically.
28. Our muscle cells’ nuclei are usually seen beneath the sarcolemma – the plasma membrane for the muscle cells.
29. Inside the sarcolemma, are enclosed by ribbon-like organelles called Myofibrils. They are suspended and almost
filled the cytoplasm.
30. When you look closely to the perfectly aligned myofibrils, you can observe the alternating light and dark pattern
of bands.
31. The lighter band is called the I band and the darker band is called the A band. These patterns reveal the working
structure of the myofibrils.
32. The I band has midline has a darker midline interruption called the Z disc.
33. The A band has a lighter central area called the H zone.
34. Myofibrils are chains of tiny contractile units called sarcomeres which are aligned end to end like boxcars in a
train along the length of the myofibrils.
35. Inside the sarcomere are the smaller structure called myofilament.
36. There are two types of threadlike protein myofilaments.
37. First is the Thick filaments also called as myosin filaments.
38. It is made mostly of protein myosin. However, it also contains ATPase enzyme which split ATP to generate the
power when our muscles contract.
39. The thick filaments extend the entire length of the Dark A band.
 40. The second type of myofilament that composes the Dark A band is the thin filaments also called as actin
filaments.
41. These actin filaments are anchored to the Z disc.
42. The H zone in the dark A band lacks actin filaments and is called the bare zone.
43. When the muscle contracts, the filament that contains actin slides towards each other into the center of
sarcomeres.
44. As a result, these light zones disappear because the actin and myosin filaments fully overlap.
45. It’s amazing right? What’s more amazing it the fact that there are actually different types of muscles.

SKELETAL MUSCLES
46. First, is the skeletal muscles. By definition, skeletal muscles are cigar-shaped, voluntary-means. You can
control them consciously, and it's the largest of muscle fiber types.
47. So, it means that when you run, you use your skeletal muscles.
48. Skeletal muscles are attached to the body's skeleton by bundles of collagen fibers.
49. You might be asking, what is the name of those bundles of collagen fibers? These are called tendons.
50. When you think of skeletal muscle, the keywords to keep in mind are skeletal striated because fibers appear to be
stripped and voluntary since the only muscle that we are conscious of controlling.
51. Like most living cells, Skeletal muscle fibers are soft and fragile, yet they exert tremendous power.
52. How? Because thousands of their fibers are bundled together by connective tissue, which provides strength.
Amazing isn't it?
53. Just remember, when we say skeletal muscle, the primary function is to enable humans to move and perform daily
activities. They also play an essential role in respiratory mechanisms and help in maintaining posture and balance.
They also protect the vital organs in your body.
SMOOTH MUSCLES
54. Next stop, Smooth Muscles!
55. By definition, Smooth Muscle is the opposite of the Skeletal Muscle.
56. If Skeletal Muscles have striations and voluntary actions, smooth muscles have no striations and involuntary,
which means that we cannot consciously control them.
57. Where can I found these muscles?
58. Found mainly in the walls of hollow visceral organs such as the stomach, urinary bladder, and respiratory
passages.
59. We can best describe smooth muscle using the terms visceral, nonstriated, and involuntary.
60. What are the fundamental processes in my body that involve the work of smooth muscle?
61. We have food movement through the digestive tract, and emptying the bowels and bladder are processes handled
by smooth muscles.
62. So, whenever you're eating and digesting food, you use your smooth muscles.
63. Even when you are going to the comfort room to deliver something
64. Moreover, if the smooth muscle is like a speedy windup car that quickly runs down, smooth muscle is like a
steady, heavy-duty engine that lumbers along tirelessly.
65. To summarize it all, smooth muscle is found in the walls of hollo9w organs like your intestines and stomach.
They work automatically without you being aware of them. Smooth muscles are involved in many
"housekeeping" functions in our body. Thus, it plays indispensable work day and night.

CARDIAC MUSCLE
66. The next type of muscle is the Cardiac Muscles. Cardiac muscle. The cardiac muscle is located only in the
heart.
67. What is the meaning of cardiac muscle?
68. It is a specialized type of muscle tissue that forms the heart. This muscle tissue, which contracts and releases
involuntarily, is responsible for keeping the heart pumping blood around the body.
69. Why is cardiac muscle important
70. Cardiac muscle tissue works to keep your heart pumping through involuntary movements. 

TYPES OF MUSCLES IN TERMS OF MOVEMENT

71. Now, let's talk about the types of muscles in terms of movement.
72. Our muscles can’t push, they can only pull as they contract. Body movements are actually a product of our
muscles’ teamwork. They act together or against each other to produce movement. Muscles are also categorized
based on a particular movement.
73. Muscles are arranged in such a way that whatever one muscle does, other muscles can reverse. Because of this,
muscles can bring about an immense variety of movements.
74. The prime mover is the muscle that has the major responsibility for causing a particular movement.
 75. On the other hand, antagonists are the muscles that oppose or reverse a movement.
76. Thus, when a prime mover is active, its antagonist is stretched and relaxed.
77. It is important to remember that antagonists can be prime movers in their own right. For example, the arm's biceps
(prime mover of elbow flexion) are antagonized by the triceps (a prime mover of elbow extension).
78. Synergists help prime movers by producing the same movement or by reducing undesirable movements.
79. For instance, when a muscle crosses two or more joints, its contraction will cause movement in all the joints
crossed unless synergists stabilize them.
80. In summary, although prime movers seem to get all the credit for causing specific movements, the actions of
antagonistic and synergistic muscles are also crucial in effecting smooth, coordinated, and precise movements.

SPECIAL MOVEMENTS OF MUSCLE( magsearch ra nan pic sa mga ini para ma visualize kung unoy drawingon)
(sajon rman sab. Para kan erron hehe)
81. Specific movements such as Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion. It moves up and down of the foot at the ankle
82. Inversion and eversion. Inversion involves the movement of the sole towards the median plane – so that the sole
faces in a medial direction. Eversion involves the movement of the sole away from the median plane – so that the
sole faces in a lateral direction.
83. Supination and pronation are terms used to describe the up or down orientation of your hand, arm, or foot. 
84. Opposition. It is the movement of the thumb to approach or touch the fingertips.

OUTRO
85. Overall, muscles play an essential role in our bodies and our lives.
86. Because of them we can do the things we love,
87. We can plant and roam…… swim and run…..jump and crawl… all thanks to our powerful muscles!
88. With their help we can live a comfortable life of simplicity and flexibility.