A.

  Two researchers conducted a study about “personality, intelligence and approaches

to learning as predictors of academic performance.” They investigated the extent to
which personality, ability and learning approaches predict academic performance. They
gathered data from randomly select 150 out of 500 college students of a university.
These students belonged to varied ages, year levels, and courses.
In the given problem,
Which is/are the dependent variable/s?
The dependent variable is the academic performance of the students.
Which is/are independent variable/s?
Personality, intelligence, and approaches to learning are the independent
variables in this problem.
Which is/are the categorical variable/s?
The categorical variable in this problem is courses.
Which is/are the numerical variable/s?
The varied ages and year level of the students are considered to be as a
numerical variable.
What is the sample?
The sample in this problem is 150 out of 500 college students.
What is the population?
  The population in this problem is 500 college students of a university.

B.  In order to raise funds for the upcoming University Days, the university student
counselors promote and sell tee-shirts to students of the schools of arts and sciences,
business and accountancy, education, engineering and architecture, hospitality and
travel management among others. Tee shirts are in XS, S, M, L, XL, and XXL; and in
colors of white, black, gray, and maroon. White shirts are priced @ Php250 and color
shirts @ Php300.  Determine the type of variables (categorical, discrete, or continuous)
and data scale (nominal, ordinal, interval, or ratio) of the following
Colors
a. Type of Variable: Categorical
b. Data Scale: Nominal
Prices
a. Type of Variable: Discrete
b. Data Scale: Nominal
Schools
a. Type of Variable: Categorical
b. Data Scale: Nominal
Size
a. Type of Variable: Categorical
b. Data Scale: Ordinal