INTERNET USAGE AND SPENDING HABITS 1

HOLY ANGEL UNIVERSITY

Correlation between Internet Usage and Spending Habits of College Students

Marivan Bau
Shine Basa
Rhea Jane N. Conag
Jan Alexie T. Canlas
Karl Nicole Q. Catangal

Holy Angel University

Authors’ Note

Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed, Marivan Bau, Shine

Basa, Rhea Jane N. Conag, Jan Alexie T. Canlas, Karl Nicole Q. Catangal, Bachelor of
Science in Accountancy, College Department, Holy Angel University, #1 Holy Angel
Avenue, Sto. Rosario, Angeles City, 2009, Philippines, Email: rheaconag23@gmail.com
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Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

Modern life has turned out to be less demanding and each and everyone needs to be

on account of the colossal commitment of the web innovation to correspondence and data

sharing. There is no doubt that internet made life easier not only in the field of data sharing,

correspondence, and other works but also in the new trend which is online shopping. This

research will help us know the impacts of internet to the spending habits of the College

students. College students can be considered as part of Generation Z and Millennial which

means they are well-inclined in terms of technology. This research focuses on the College

students given the fact they want what is trendy, affordable, and the easiest way to purchase.

According to RateCity (2010), the spending habits is defined as the sum that people

spends on products and enterprises, such as, sustenance, liquor, attire, and medicinal services

at which they do as such. A habit is an acquired behavior pattern that is followed so regularly

it’s almost involuntary (Palmer, 2018) The Internet, or "the Net," is an overall arrangement of

Personal Computer (PC) systems - a system of systems in which clients at any one PC can,

on the off-chance that they have consent, get data from some other PC (Rouse, 2014)

According to Carter (2018), 90% of millennial respondents state online shopping

makes a contrast to their own way of purchasing with their companions. That is

compared with 71% of those in Generation X and 54% of Baby Boomers who state the same.

Around 60% of recent college graduates report feeling deficient about their own life due to

something they saw via web-based media, as gaudy apparel or get-away, the examination
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notes. What is more, so, 57% state they spend their cash which they did not intended to

(Carter, 2018).

According to The Spending Habits of Millenials (n.d), the buzzword ‘the way of

spending money should be more money at the end of the month’ and not the other way

around. As cited by Villanueva (2017), having simple access to credit enables students to

defer satisfying buys, bringing about large obligation. The bit of wickedness guidance has

blinded numerous individuals to appreciate the short-term delights not seeing the long haul

impact later on. This is one of the highest reasons why individuals get poorer (Lauren, et. al.,

2018). According to Murphy (n.d), since the appearance and multiplication of different online

shopping applications, shoppers have effectively swung to the web to examine about, and

search for items. The usual way of doing things with regard to obtaining has now shifted to

surfing the web before purchasing the items. According to him, the new way of shopping

becomes easier to search for things instead of strolling to malls.

According to The Internet Changes Consumer Purchasing Behavior (2016), a site

with a simple user interface and in-depth product information is critical, and it ought to

likewise be smart phone friendly to cope with the developing several shoppers who are

looking into on their mobiles. In addition, as cited by Johansson (2016), new claimed modern

technology have made an age of indiscreet purchases who settle on surge purchasing choices

as after effect of the accommodation of simple buying. Online stores are normally accessible

24 hours per day, and a lot of buyers have web access in either at work or at home

(Kanupriya, 2016). Also, the examination additionally notices that almost one of every three
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U.S. buyers is affected by social media in their purchases (Social media influences consumer

buying decisions, 2015).

According to Stollak, et. al (n.d), students deal with their cash depends on a few

variables for example, age, identity characteristic, and information. The women are most

likely to spend their money on shopping because it is a woman thing while men spends their

money for entertainment purposes in which both income came from their parents (Jin, 2017).

However, according to Pohane (n.d), an individual's capacity to deal with his or her cash is

basic to being fruitful throughout everyday life. Effective financial management is imperative

for all people from society, including students. Online consumers, who need to recover the

required data and settle on a purchasing decision, experience an alternate setting that

modifies their buying decision (Karimi, 2013)

The researchers used the Life-Cycle Theory, by Franco Modigliani, life-cycle theory

is an economic theory that pertains to the spending and saving habits of people over the

course of a lifetime.

According to Franco Modigliani, life-cycle theory presumes that people plan their

spending over their lifetimes, considering their future salary. The theory states that when a

person allocates his or her money for savings it would eventually grow as their income

grows. Saving money and focusing on the essential needs makes a great impact not just today

but also for tomorrow. In connection to the researchers study if they can manage and allocate

their money or resources properly will make no conflict for future debts and savings income.

The researchers uses an IPO model (input-process-output) which is a model that

focuses on distinguishing a problem, subject, or phenomenon, in addition, it focuses on

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factor-isolating questions of the statement of the problem (Cristobal & Cristobal, 2017). In

this table we have the age and gender of the respondents for the input, questionnaire for the

process, and a research paper for the output

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Profile of the An analysis of data The spending habits

Respondents using questionnaire. of a student base on
 Age their age and gender
 Gender  Research
Paper

Figure 1. Paradigm of the Study

The study aims to know how the internet influence the spending habits of the Grade

12 students of Holy Angel University using the descriptive method of research. According to

RateCity (2010), spending habits will be generally defined as the amount that individuals and

household spend on goods and services.

1. What is the profile of Grade 12 students?

1.1. Age
1.2. Gender
2. What is the level of spending habits of Grade 12 students in terms of:
2.1. Browsing Time and Experience
2.2. Most Purchased Online
3. How are the following usage-factors be described in terms of:
3.1. Credibility
3.2. Purchasing Factor
3.3. Effects of the Comments
3.4. Buying behavior
4. How does the uniqueness of the shop affects the spending habits of Grade 12

students?
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This research is descriptive in nature and focused on what are the impact of the

internet on spending habits. The research participants are limited only to the Grade 12

students of Holy Angel University because of their wide knowledge regarding online

shopping and transactions, the research sample is consist of eight sections in each strand. The

primary data gathering used is through survey questionnaires to determine every aspect of

students' personal information and its impact to their spending habits. This research has a

purpose of identifying the dilemmas that the internet brings.

In gathering the data, the researchers conducted a survery among the Grade 12

students from different strand which are ABM, HUMMS, STEM, TVL, and GAS. These

students commonly range from 16-18 years old will be the respondents to gather the internet

usage and spending habits of the students.

The findings of this study will provide an improvement with the impact of internet to

the spending habits of the Grade 12 students at HAU.

To the students, the results will provide the students with some knowledge on

spending habits and how it can be avoided. It will give the students a realization that

spending too much is not useful to both the students and the people around them. At the end

of this study, students would finally know why spending habits have been a major problem to

the society.

To the consumers, this study may serve as motivations of consumers to engage in

online shopping. The main purpose of this study also is to satisfy the demands and wants of

the consumers.it helps business manager, sales person, and marketers in the following way.
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To the e-commerce market, the results will provide increasing sales and to enhance

their service like lazada, olx, and other online shopping applications and it also to stay the

flexibility to shop and buy over the Internet. Having an online presence improves revenues

for all businesses irrespective of their size or market.

To the researchers, this study may serve as a guide and reference for the researchers

undertaking similar studies. It may also realize them how bad the impact of internet in

spending habits.

Method

Participants
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The study conducted by the researchers focuses on the Grade 12 students of Holy

Angel University (HAU) with different strands that include Science, Technology,

Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM); Accountancy, and Business, Management (ABM);

Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS); Technical Vocational Livelihood (TVL); and

General Academic Strand (GAS). These respondents can either be male or female with age

ranging 16-18 years old with an estimated population of 1, 500 students. The participants of

the study must be Grade 12 students who are enrolled at HAU. They were chosen as the

participants because according to Meleen (n.d) teenagers are one of the biggest spenders

when it comes to clothing, food and beverages, accessories, and entertainment, thus, making

them as a good respondents to answer the certain phenomena of spending habits.

According to Cristobal and Cristobal (2017), 10%-20% of the total population should

be used as a sample size. In this research, the 20% of the total population is 384 which will

be divided into five strands, as a result, 3 sections from the STEM strand, 2 sections from the

ABM strand, 1 section for HUMSS, 1 section for TVL and 1 section for GAS.

The researchers will be using cluster sampling method to be able to conduct a study.

Cluster sampling is in used in large-scale studies in which the population is geographically

spread out, in these cases, sampling procedures may be difficult and time consuming

(Cristobal & Cristobal, 2017) A researcher wants to interview eight sections out of 38

sections in different strand of Grade 12 students in HAU, that’s why the researchers will be

using cluster sampling method to be able to complete the total 20% of 38 section to have

enough representatives.

Research Design
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The researchers will conduct a quantitative research because it deals with studying a

phenomenon (Aliaga & Gunderson, 2000). In line with that, the researchers will use

descriptive method of research to determine the extent or direction of a certain attitude or

behavior (Cristobal & Cristobal, 2017). The researchers used this design to describe the

nature of a situation as well as to explore the causes of a phenomena (Travers, 1978). In

addition, this research design will help the researchers to fully understand the impact of

internet in spending habits of Grade 12 students.

Research Locale

The study will be conducted at HAU, wherein, it is one of the most renowned

Catholic Universities in Pampanga. It is the national government that perceives the

organization as one of the best colleges as far as academic excellence. The respondents will

be given a questionnaire prepared by the researchers which is the 20% of the total section at

HAU. These respondents will be interviewed via survey. Since the researchers are also the

students of HAU it is best to gather and analyze their chosen research in this area to easily

conduct and gather data from the respondents.

Instrument

According to Cristobal and Cristobal (2017), questionnaire is a list of queries about a

certain topic, with spaces accommodated for the response of each inquiry. The researchers

will be conducting a class interview in every section to know the nature of the situation in

accordance with the influencing factor of internet to the spending habits of Grade 12

students.
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Recognition type is a type of questionnaire wherein alternative answers are already

provided, and the participants will simply choose what is best describe his or her answer

among the given choices (Cristobal & Cristobal, 2017)

The ethical codes and policies will also be discussed to the participants for them to

know their rights as a participants. A consent will also be given to the respondents which is

attached to the questionnaire for validity.

Procedure

The researcher will use cluster sampling in conducting the research, also the

researchers will picked eight (8) sections out of thirty-eight (38) sections in the grade twelve

(12) year level of Holy Angel University wherein 3 from the ABM strand, 2 from the STEM

strand, 1 from the GAS strand, 1 from the TVL, and 1 from the HUMSS strand. Any of this

students will participate whether they are male or female.

Consent will be attached at the first page of the questionnaire to have a reliable source

of information and to ensure the participation of the respondents. The participants will be

given a questionnaire using a recognition type and after that, transcribing of the data will

follow.

Data Analysis

The researchers will use descriptive statistic in analysing the data that will be

gathered after having the questionnaire. Descriptive statistics are brief descriptive

coefficients that condense a given informational data, which is either a portrayal of the

whole or an example of a population (Kenton, 2018)

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Results

Table 1.1.

Age of the Participants

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Age Frequency Proportion Percentage

16 16 0.06 6%
17 90 0.36 36%
18 144 0.58 58%
Total 250 1 100%

Table 1.1 shows the demographic characteristics of the participants in terms of their age. It

shows that most of them are in the age of 18 years old. It is observed that there are only 6%

in the age of 16 years old while 58% are 18 years old.

Table 1.2.

Gender of the Participants

Gender Frequency Proportion Percentage

Female 184 0.74 74%
Male 66 0.26 26%
Total 250 1 100%

Table 1.2 shows the gender of the participants in which 74% of the respondents are female

while only 26% are males. It shows that more females participated than males.

Table 2.1.

Experience

Experience Frequency Proportion Percentag

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e
No Experience 47 0.19 19%
Less than 5 years 153 0.61 61%
More than 5 years 50 0.20 20%
Total 250 1 100%

Table 2.1 is about the experience shows the number of years a consumer uses an online

shopping application. It is observed that 61% experienced online shopping for less than five

years while 19% of the respondents have no experience at all.

Table 2.2

Browsing Time

Percentag
Browsing Time Frequency Proportion e
Less than 1 hour 31 0.12 12%
1-3 hours 96 0.38 38%
3-5 hours 69 0.28 28%
More than 5 hours 54 0.22 22%
Total 250 1 100%

Table 2.2, the browsing time, shows how much time a user consumes when searching for an

item as well as online shopping application to be used. It is observed that 38% spends 1-3

hours while 12% consumes less than an hour in browsing.

Table 2.3.

Most Purchase Online

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Purchase Product Frequency Proportion Percentage

Clothes 108 0.33 33%
Shoes 59 0.18 18%
Digital Products 52 0.16 16%
Books 29 0.09 9%
Cosmetics 48 0.15 15%
Other 30 0.09 9%
Total 326 1 100%

Table 2.3 this table shows the list of possible items that a user will look for. It also shown in

this table which products are people most willing to purchase. It is observed that 33% of the

respondents are willing to purchase clothes while 9% of the respondents are after books and

other possible options that are not stated.

Table 3.1

Credibility
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Credibility of the Percentag

Shop Frequency Proportion e
Bad Manner of
Seller 87 0.29 29%
Bad Comments 139 0.46 46%
Low Expectations 44 0.14 14%
Complexity 27 0.09 9%
Other 7 0.02 2%
Total 304 1 100%

Table 3.1 this table shows the factors that can make an impact to an online shop. It is

observed that 46% of the respondents are considering the bad comments from another users

to determine the credibility of the shop. On the other hand, 2% of the respondents are after

the other personal factors.

Table 3.2

Purchasing Factor
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Purchase Decision Frequency Proportion Percentage

High Ratings 52 0.14 14%
Recommendation 47 0.12 12%
Fitment 18 0.05 5%
Good comments 41 0.11 11%
Low Price 55 0.15 15%
Good Quality 128 0.34 34%
Same with a famous person 9 0.02 2%
Reputation 21 0.06 6%
Other 6 0.02 2%
Total 377 1 100%

Table 3.2 shows the factors that affects the purchasing decision of a buyer. It was shown that

34% of the respondents are after the quality while 2% of the respondents are after the similar

products used by a famous person and other personal factors.

Table 3.3.

Factors of Online Shopping Application

Factors of Online Percentag

Shopping Application Frequency Proportion e
Cheap 50 0.15 15%
Convenient 101 0.31 31%
Save time 107 0.33 33%
Specific information 42 0.13 13%
Appearance 10 0.03 3%
Fast mail service 15 0.05 5%
Total 325 1 100%

Table 3.3 shows why buyers purchase product. It is observed that 33% of the respondents

purchased online because it can save time while 3% of the respondents are only after the

appearance.

Table 3.4

Factors to not purchase

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Percentag
Factors to not purchasing Frequency Proportion e
Disclosed Information 48 0.18 18%
Fake Products 158 0.58 58%
Don’t know how to use computer 24 0.09 9%
Slow logistic 24 0.09 9%
Poor Service 19 0.07 7%
Total 273 1 100%

Table 3.4 this table shows purchasing behaviour of a buyer. It is observed that 58% of the

respondent do not intent to buy because of the fake products while 7% affects their behaviour

because of the poor service.

Table 3.5.

Effects of Comments

Percentag
Effects of Comment Frequency Proportion e
Care about comments 99 0.39 39%
Affects buying decision 140 0.55 55%
Prefer the superior shop 14 0.06 6%
Total 253 1 100%

Table 3.5 this table shows how a comment can affect certain decision. It is observed that 55%

of the respondents can be swayed by comments in buying a certain item while 6% will then

prefer the superior shop.

Table 3.6
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Buying Behavior

Stimulating Factors Frequency Proportion Percentage

Sales Promotion 68 0.24 24%
Biding 18 0.06 6%
Holiday discount 82 0.29 29%
Cheap Price 106 0.37 37%
Other 11 0.04 4%
Total 285 1 100%

Table 3.6 shows the stimulating factors that can affect the buyer. It is observed that 37% of

the respondents are after the cheap price while 4% have their personal factors.

Table 4

Uniqueness

Uniqueness Frequency Proportion Percentage

Strongly Agree 57 0.23 23%
Agree 79 0.31 31%
Neutral 87 0.35 35%
Disagree 24 0.10 10%
Strongly Disagree 3 0.01 1%
Total 250 1 100%

Table 4 shows that 87% of respondents are unbiased

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Discussion

Online shopping is more evident to females and in 18 years of age. In addition,

according to Kumar (2014), women between the ages of 15-35 years old show the growth in

the adaptability with the several online shopping application. It is observed that out of 250

respondents, 61% are already using an application for less than five years. On the other hand,

the browsing time shows how much time a user consumes when searching for an item as well

as online shopping application to be used. Thus, it is seen that 38% of users tend to search for

1-3 hours to fully complete a transaction. A person who is active in the internet at any time

created a new pattern of shopping which is also the reason why it affects their buying

behavior (Nazir, 2012)

The purchased product is mostly clothes with almost 33% of the responds. According

to Roesler (2018), clothes, shoes and cosmetics topped the shopping lists of people who

differs based on their demographic characteristics. Therefore, buyers would often prioritize to

search for clothes compared to other possible purchased item. It is shown that 34% of the

respondents are after the quality of the product. According to Agyekum and Haifeng (2015),

the perceived quality has an impact to the brand name as well as the pricing strategy. Hence,

buyers usually focus on the product quality over the other aspects.

The factors on why they purchase describe the reasons why a buyer is using an online

shopping application instead of an actual shop. It could be seen that most of the buyers use

such habits because of the convenience which has 31%, and how it saves time which is 33%

of the total percentage when it comes to purchasing. It is clearly seen that 37% of the

respondents is all about the price. According to Wallace (2016), the price of a product is the
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most influential factor when shoppers are determining whether or not they should head to

checkout. Hence, having a cheap price can catch a buyer’s attention as well as to make them

feel excited about a product. It is evident with 34.8% that respondents can be swayed through

the uniqueness of the shop while others are neutral. According to Rao and Monroe (1989),

the connections among cost and quality and between brand name and quality are certain and

measurably critical. Be that as it may, the constructive outcome of store name on apparent

quality is little and not factually critical. Hence, the uniqueness of the store can affect the

decision of a buyer.

It is observed that feedbacks from the other buyers are very necessary in order to

weigh whether the shop is worth the money or not. In this case, 46% of the respondents are

looking for insights about the shop through the comment section. According to Lee (2016),

the reviews elicit the conformity of a buyer. Therefore, the buyer can comply with the

reviews or not. It is observed that 55% of the respondents consider the comments from

another buyer in order for them to have a background about an item as well as to know if the

product is worth the price. While 39% care about the comments but does not really affect the

decision, instead they only read it for an additional knowledge but not to help them to decide

whether to buy it or not. According to Hakobyan (2017), a bad review does not solely affect

the business, instead it shows that your business is not perfect. Hence, bad comments are the

rival of the shop's credibility yet can also be a room for improvements. Lastly, there are

factors about how a buyer can be discouraged in buying and in using an online shopping

application. It could be seen that 58% of the respondents are losing their interest in buying
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because of anticipating or scared that the product that they may get is fake. Hence, there are a

lot of factors that affect the judgments of a buyer.

Online Shopping is a different experience and can make the shopping creative and

convenient. There can be a lot of apprehensions about online shopping when people get in to

it or for the first time. As the people experience more of it, the apprehensions get disappeared

quickly. In the end, it is on the perception of the buyer whether online shopping will suit their

interest. The fact that online shopping is widely available, it simply means that consumers

can easily access through their gadgets in order to purchase. According to, Dixons Group of

Companies (n.d), being able to buy any time, and anywhere provides exciting opportunities.

Hence, online shopping does not only help the seller in order to have their income but also

the buyers by giving them both the satisfaction of purchasing and the convenience while

browsing.

The study concludes that a wide variety of students under the age of 18 years old uses

an online shopping application for between 1 to 3 hours in which the internet does affect the

buying behavior and purchasing factor of a person. Prior to this, even though students find it

as convenient there are still factors that interfere the customers to the online shopping

applications.

With the given conclusion, the researchers recommend the following:

To the student, before buying the person needs to confirm if the website/business is

authorized. Online Shopping is easy to access and it takes less effort. But just like any other

services, this can also be harmful because things like credit card, phone number, and different

personal information will be affected. People now a days are very smart where they can
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capture information which can lead to scam and hacking because business, who are not legit,

are very dangerous (Shopping Online, 2018) They can manipulate the card after purchasing.

Anything that a person do online, such as details like email address, shipping address, phone

number and credit card information and etc., will becomes prey for cyber criminals. Do not

be addicted to online buying because this does not only leaked the information but also cost

your cash as well. Limit you action and be smart in buying and always remember that “Think

before you click”

To the consumers, get a feel for the spending habits you would like to break, buying

duplicate of items you forgot you already own, shopping impulsively online, and shopping

sales because you love the thrill of good deal. According to everydollar (n.d), spending

money is a fact of life, although one of the fun ones. By putting good spending habits in

place, you’ll eventually make smart money choices without much thought or effort. Arrange

your expenses and knows how to budget your allowance allows you to maximize your money

and save it.

To the teachers, they may guide them to properly manage their money and how to use

it wisely. Teachers are the source of advice that deals with important decisions in life since

students often look to their teachers and advisers as a role model as they grow older

(Teachers Change Lives, n.d.)

Small Business Enterprises should maximize their security to ensure that there will be

no leakage of information especially for e-commerce market. According to the Why is

Ecommerce Security So Important? (n.d.), e-commerce should have a multi-layered security

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to avoid any circumstances of phishing and should monitor all the transactions that have been

made.

To the researchers, future development and insights are needed to improve one’s

knowledge, thus, this study can also serve as a literature for their study. Researchers must be

in high quality in order to produce new knowledge (Unite for Sight, n.d.)
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Appendices

A. Survey/Questionnaire

B. Letter of Approval for the Survey/Questionnaire

C. Five Sample of Answered Survey/Questionnaire with sample Consent

D. Letter address to the Principal

E. Letter address to the Subject Teacher

F. Tally Sheets
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G. Statistical Treatment

N = total respondents T = total answers

Proportion = T Percentage = Frequency x 100

N

H. Letter to the Statistician

I. Curriculum Vitae