write a note on post 9/11 foreign policy of pakistan.

what role do you foresee for pakistan in regional

and global politics in nearfutur?

XIV. The war in Afghanistan since 1979 and its impact on, and challenges to Pakistan, in the Post 2014
era. Undoubtedly, Pakistan once again is passing through a very critical phase of its history, surrounded
as it is by formidable external challenges compounded by internal instability. Daily violations of LOC by
India are a constant reminder of its military occupation of Kashmir in violation of UN Security Council
resolutions and the threat posed by it to Pakistan’s security. On the western front, we are faced with a
destabilized Afghanistan in the throes of a civil war, aggravated by foreign military occupation. The
armed conflict in Afghanistan has serious implications for Pakistan’s security. Over and above the threat
of a two-front scenario looms the issue of terrorism which not only endangers our internal security but
also has the potential to isolate us internationally as was demonstrated by the fiasco at the recent
meetings of the Financial Action Task Force held in Paris.

Pakistan’s geo-strategic location at the cross-roads of South, Central and West Asia has not only
bestowed upon it many advantages, it has also encumbered it with serious security challenges.

While an important transition is taking place in Afghanistan with the withdrawal of the bulk of NATO and
US forces, we are also witnessing a great upheaval in the Middle East and a deterioration in India-
Pakistan relations.

Pakistan-India relations will continue to suffer from recurrent periods of tension and strain
because of India’s hegemonic designs in South Asia and outstanding disputes, especially the Kashmir
dispute. Therefore, genuine friendship between the two countries will remain elusive in the foreseeable
future. The best that can be hoped for is the maintenance of peace between them and normal bilateral
relations marked by a low level of tensions, confidence building measures, and cooperation in various
fields on a mutually beneficial basis. For this purpose, Pakistan should maintain a firm and principled
position on major Pakistan-India disputes while keeping open the door of dialogue with India and
pursuing a low risk, non-provocative, and non-adventurist approach in the handling of Pakistan-India
relations.

The armed conflict in Afghanistan is the source of insecurity and enormous

human sufferings in that brotherly country besides being the cause of instability in Pakistan and the rest
of the region. Durable peace in Afghanistan would remain elusive without national reconciliation and a
political settlement among the various Afghan political groups, particularly the Afghan government and
the Afghan Taliban, through dialogue and an Afghan-led and Afghan-owned peace process. Pakistan and
Iran together with major powers like US, China and Russia, must encourage and support such a peace
process without interfering in Afghanistan’s internal affairs. Pakistan should deny sanctuary on its
territory to any Afghan group engaged in hostilities in Afghanistan. In return, the Afghan government
should stop providing sanctuary to TTP and other Pakistani criminals on its soil.

The US-led West has succeeded in raising the issue of terrorism to the top of the
international agenda. Pakistan, which itself has been a victim of this menace, has repeatedly reiterated
its opposition to terrorism in any form or manifestation. It has also rendered enormous sacrifices in
blood and treasure for its eradication. However, as our recent experience at the FATF meetings in Paris
shows, the international community views our anti-terrorism policy with skepticism. Our political and
military leadership should realize that ambiguities in our operational anti-terrorism policy will not be
acceptable to the international community. Therefore, any discrepancy between our declared anti-
terrorism policy and the realities on the ground must be removed forthwith.

Iran, and an increasingly nationalist India. It is a stone’s throw from the Gulf

Finally, political stability and economic strength are indispensable conditions for overcoming successfully
the numerous external challenges confronting us. We, therefore, need to reverse the current trend
towards clash among institutions of state in the interest of political stability and democratic continuity in
Pakistan.

Last but not the least the paramount concerns of economic security, which like other pillars of
holistic security carry a deep impact on the current situation and future outlook of the state. Like other
interlinked concepts of security. On one hand, sound and stable economic indicators go a long way in
ensuring sustained development and progress for the state, but on the other is this stark reality that,
none of these ideals can be met, without a prudent security policy, and adequate steps for sustainability.
Domestic, political and physical insecurity directly impacts on the flight of critical capital, industrial
growth and investors’ confidence. Coupled with growing concerns of energy insufficiency, a country like
Pakistan which has an agrarian economy, narrow revenue and tax base, but an ever increasing
population, will have more challenges than solutions in the coming decades.

External challenges to pakistan

1. Presented by: Abdul Wahab Maryam Tahir Awais Yaseen M.Saffi ullah Shafeeq-ur- Rehman Musab bin
Munir Presented to: Sir Usman Shamim

2.  National Security as an External Challenge  Pakistan Neighbor's on Globe and Geo strategic
Location  India  India on Kashmir Issue  Pakistan and Afghanistan  Baloch Insurgency  Iran 
Iran worries about Eastern Border  The US perspective towards Pakistan  Ethnicity and Terrorism as
an External challenge  Sectarian Terrorism as External challenge  Conclusion

3.  Outside influences that can impact a business. Various external factors can impact the ability of a
business or investment achieve its strategic goals and objective…  Economic  Political 
Technological  Social

4.  Pakistan has been facing external threats to its independence and territorial integrity right from its
birth.  Sandwiched between India and Afghanistan, Pakistan’s security perceptions have been largely
influenced by its state of relationships with India and Afghanistan. More specifically, the single largest
source of security challenges has been with India.  Pakistan is confronted with a three-threat scenario.
 The perennial threat from India  The threat from Afghanistan  The threat emanating from a changing
domestic situation. Threats from India and Afghanistan make a formidable task for Pakistani security
planners.

5.  It is a concept that a government should protect the state and its citizens through a variety of
power.  Political Power  Diplomacy  Economic Power  Territorial sovereignty  Military Power

6.  In Pakistan, it has serious national security issues en- compassing external and internal security
threats.  Currently the national security challenges to Pakistan primarily comes from “within”.

7.  India  Afghanistan  Iran  Balochistan  Indian Kashmir  Pakistan Kashmir

8.  India and Pakistan have fought three major wars (1948, 1965, and 1971),  Cold Start strategy only
specially for Pakistan  India’s allocation of $200 billion over the next two decades for their Nuclear
strike against Pakistan.

9.  A challenge towards the territorial sovereignty.  The Indian interpretation of the situation in
Kashmir.  Tension between Political parties in Pakistan.

10.  Major source of external threat emanates from the current developments in Afghanistan.  The
threat from Afghanistan did not acquire alarming proportion.  Strategic terms of Afghanistan’s internal
problems.  Six issues have been impacting Pakistan-Afghanistan relations.

11.  Baloch peoples fighting against Foreign Invaders.  Baloch Nationalists who refuse to surrender.
 Balochistan uphold four insurgencies in 1948,1958, 1962,1973.

12.  Balochistan’s Developments and Rebels  The sunni-millitants group named Jondallah fighting
the Iranian government for greater autonomy.  Tension between Islamabad and Tehran due to
developments in Balochistan.

13.  Pakistan is a key player in the fight against Terrorism.  The invasion of Iraq diverted the US’s
resources.  The increase of US’s presence in Afghanistan.

14.  Pakistan is facing most difficult and gruesome faces of Terrorism.  Militant organization started
eliminating West Pakistanis and specially Punjabis.  Ethnic terrorism in Pakistan.

15.  Domestic terrorism associated with Islamist sectarianism.  Four different School of thoughts in
Pakistan:  Brailvi  Deo-bund  Ahle-Hadith  Shia.  Sectarian Terrorism has affected the country at
different points in time.

16.  Pakistan is having security challenges from regional, sub- regional entities and even across
regional players. i.e. India, Afghanistan, Iran, the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) and the US. The
turning point in the internal and external security threat was propelled by the event of 9/11, in which
Pakistan was asked either to be ‘us’ or with ‘the terrorists’ and thus Pakistan became an ally of the US in
her war against terrorism. India, a neighboring country with who we are always in a state of war and
enduring rivalry since the inception of Pakistan as its inception was not accepted by them whole
heartedly. The reason of this enduring rivalry is also seeded in the unresolved issue of Kashmir which is
the mother of all problems.

Tribalism and feudalism

Political expediencies

Weak governce

Extremism

Sectarianism

Weaponiztam [2