Storage Data

Chapter-5
Compiled by :Ms Shafaq Ayub

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Describing Storage Devices
 Every computer stores system software and
application software.
 A Storage device holds data, instructions, and
information for future use
 OS, User data
 A storage medium also called secondary
storage, is the physical material on which a
computer keeps data, instructions, and
information
 Storage devices manage the media
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 Storage Device
 A storage device is the computer hardware that
records and/or retrieves items to and from
storage media
Reading is the process
of transferring items
from a storage medium
into memory

Writing is the process

of transferring items
from memory to a
storage medium
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 Storage Devices 10 years ago
 C

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Storage Devices Nowadays

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Storage Capacity

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 Storage Access Time
 Access time
measures:
 The amount of time it
takes a storage device
to locate an item on a
storage medium
 The time required to
deliver an item from
memory to the
processor

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 Storage Technology
 Two main categories of storage technology
 Magnetic storage
 use a magnet
 Optical storage
 uses laser
 A third category of storage—solid-state storage—is
increasingly being used in computer systems
 uses physical switches
 But is more commonly found in devices such as digital
cameras and media players.

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Magnetic Storage Devices
 Most common form
Floppy Disk
of storage
 Hard drives, floppy
drives, tape
 All magnetic drives Tape

work the same

Hard Disk

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 Floppy Diskettes
 Also known as floppy disks
 Read with a disk drive
 Spin at 300 RPM
 Takes .2 second to find data
 3 ½ floppy disk holds 1.44 MB

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 Floppy Disk
 What is a floppy disk?
shutter
 Portable, inexpensive storage
medium (also called diskette)
shell
liner

magnetic
coating
Thin, circular, flexible film enclosed
in 3.5” wide plastic shell
metal hub

flexible thin film

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 Floppy Disks
 What is a floppy disk
drive?
 Device that reads from and
Floppy disk drive built into
writes to floppy disk
a desktop computer

 Also called secondary storage

External floppy disk drive attaches to

a computer with a cable

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 Magnetic Storage Data Organization
 Disks must be formatted before use
 Format draws tracks on the disk
 Tracks is divided into sectors
 Amount of data a drive can read

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Track and Sectors

Track Sector
is narrow
stores up to
recording band
that forms full
512 bytes
circle on disk of data

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 Hard Disks
 Primary storage device in a computer
 2 or more aluminum platters
 Each platter has 2 sides
 Spin between 5,400 to 15,000 RPM
 Data found in 9.5 ms or less
 Drive capacity greater than 40 GB

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 Hard Disk
 A hard disk contains one or more inflexible,
circular platters that use magnetic particles
to store data, instructions, and information

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 Magnetic Disks
 What is a hard disk? hard disk installed
in system unit
 High-capacity storage
 Consists of several inflexible,
circular platters that store items
electronically

 Components enclosed in airtight,

sealed case for protection

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Illustrated Hard Disk

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 Magnetic Disks
 How does a hard disk work?

Step 3.
When software requests a
disk access, read/write
heads determine current
Step 2. or new location of data.
Small motor spins
platters while
computer is running.

Step 4.
Head actuator positions
read/write head arms over
Step 1. correct location on platters
Circuit board controls to read or write data.
movement of head actuator
and a small motor.

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 Hard Disk
 The hard disk arms move the read/write head,
which reads items and writes items in the drive
 Location often is referred to by its cylinder

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Hard disk Characteristic
Read/Write
Capacity Platters Cylinders
Heads

Sectors and Revolutions

Transfer Rate Access Time
Tracks per Minute

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 Magnetic Disks
 What is a miniature hard disk?
 Provide users with greater storage capacities than flash memory
 Some have a form factor of less than 1 inch
 Storage capacities range from 2 GB to 100 GB

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 Magnetic Disks
External hard disk—freestanding
hard disk that connects to system
unit

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 Zip Disk
 Magnetic medium that stores
100 MB to 750 MB of data
 Used to back up and to transfer
files
 Backup is duplicate of file, program,
c

or disk in case original is lost

 Zip disks require a Zip drive —
high capacity drive that reads
from and writes on a Zip disk

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 Tape Drives
 Tape is a magnetically coated ribbon of plastic
capable of storing large amounts of data and
information at low costs
 A tape drive reads and writes data and
information on a tape

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 Data Storage on Tape
 Slow Sequential Access
 Reads and writes data consecutively, like music tapes
 Unlike direct access – used on floppy disks, Zip disks,
Hard Disk, CDs and DVDs – which can locate
particular item immediately
 Capacity exceeds 200 GB

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 Optical Disks
 An optical disc consists of a flat, round,
portable disc made of metal, plastic, that is
written and read by a laser
 Typically store software, data, digital photos,
movies, and music Push the button to
slide out the tray.
 Read only vs. rewritable

Insert the disc,

label side up.

Push the same button to

close the tray.
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 CD Recordable (CD-R)

 Create a data or audio CD

 Data cannot be changed
 Can continue adding until full
 Most CD-Rs on the market have an 80 minute
capacity. There are also 90 minute/790 MB and
99 minute/870 MB discs, although they are less
common

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 CD Rewritable (CD-RW)

 Create a reusable CD
 CD-RW discs need to be blanked before reuse
 Can reuse about 100 times

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 DVD-RW

 Create a reusable DVD

 Can reuse about 1000 times

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 Solid State Storage Devices
 Data is stored physically using switches
 uses integrated circuit assemblies as memory
to store data persistently.
 No magnets or laser
 Very fast data transfer

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 Flash Memory Storage
 A memory card is a removable flash memory
device that you insert and remove from a slot in
a computer, mobile device, or card
reader/writer

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 USB Flash Drive
 Plug into a USB port on a computer or mobile
device
 Storage capacities up to 100 GB

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 Cloud Storage
 Cloud storage is an Internet service that
provides storage to computer users

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 Online Storage
 Services on web that
provides storage for
minimal monthly fee
 Files can be accessed
from any computer with
Web access
 Large files can be
downloaded
instantaneously
 Others can be
authorized to access
your data
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