English 10 (Unit 6 –Grammar – Future)

I am going to get a new job. (= I intend to get a job.)

I am getting a new job. (= It is already decided / arranged. Here the focus is on the arrangement.)
I. Am/is/are going To + V
(bare)
1. Future with an obvious
cause
Ex: -Look at the clouds.
-t’s going to rain
-My sister's going to have
a baby. (we can see that
she is pregnant)
2. Plan
Ex: She’s going to move
to Da Lat.
3. Intention (before the time Son: I’ll answer it
of speaking)
Ex: I’m going to do
anything tonight
4. Events outside people’s
control
Look at the sky. It is going
to rain.
Prices are going to fall.
II. Will + V (bare) III. Am/is/are +V-ing
1. Promise: EX: I will visit you 1. Personal arrangements
when I’m free and fixed plans.
2. Decision at the moment of A fixed arrangements, such
speaking as appointments. 
Are you ready to order sir?
Yes, I’ll have beefsteak I’m babysitting tonight.
3. Offer She’s studying this weekend.
I’ll give you a lift if you like We’re not doing anything next
4. Voluntary action week.
Mum : The phone’s ringing They’re seeing the dentist on
Tuesday.
5. Prediction / Guess (personal She’s meeting at 12.00 with
judgement, opinion) the bank manager.
I think Tom will pass the driving test
I'm sure you'll have a lovely time in
Italy. (opinion) ***Ngoài nghĩa tương lai,
6. Unwillingness / Not Present Continuous
happening as expected (am/is/are+V-ing) còn dùng
Son won’t stop crying. I’ve tried để diễn tả sự việc đang diễn
everything and I’m ready exhausted. ra ngay thời điểm phát ngôn.
7. Requests / Order Trong câu thường xuất hiện:
Will you help me? now, right now, at the
8. Invitation moment, câu cảm thán
Will you have some cake? (Look!)
Look! The bus is coming.

***The present continuous

tense is common with verbs
of movement.
Are you coming to the party?
Exercise 1: be going to + V1
1. Look at that man on the bridge! I think he (jump)………………………………
2. I don’t feel well. I think I (be )………………………………………………..sick.
3. It’s so cold. Look at those clouds! I think it (rain)…………………………..
4. This film is so boring. We (leave)………………………………………………
5. Sally’s wearing her best clothes. She (have)……………………………………a job interview.
6. Hurry up! It’s nearly ten o’clock! You (be) …………………………………… late.
7. “Do you want to walk to the shop ? ” “No, I (drive)………………………..……….”
Exercise 2: will or be going to

1. Look at the clouds. It ……………….. soon.(rain)

2. Peter ……………15 next Wednesday.(be)
3. We…………………. to London this summer.(fly)
4. I ………………….. (be) there by four o’clock I promise.
5. Just a moment, I…………………. you.(help)
6. In 2010 there …………………. more cars. (be)

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 7. I think I ……….………sick. I feel very tired. (be)
8. I…………………..… a party. I have already invited my friends. (have) 
9. A: There’s someone at the door.
B: I …………………… (get) it.
10. Joan thinks the Conservatives ………………… (win) the next election.
11. A: I’m moving house tomorrow. B: I ………………….. (come) and help you.
12. If she passes the exam, she ………………….. (be) very happy.
Exercise 3: be going to (sẽ) + V1 / be +V-ing (the present continuous )
1. be going to 2. be +V-ing: Diễn tả dự định tương lai có mốc
a. ý định có trước lúc nói thời gian cụ thể. (thường là sắp xếp giữa người
Ex: A: Why are you working so hard these với người: go, come, see, visit, meet, leave)
days? Ex: They are having an English-speaking club
B: Because I'm going to buy a car. meeting next week.
b. dự đoán có cơ sở: Look at the black clouds. It's Put the verbs in brackets in the present
going to rain. continuous or be going to.
1. The Browns (go)........................to the cinema this evening.
2. We (have)........................an English-speaking club meeting next week.
3. The cat is just behind the rat. It (catch).......................the rat.
4. Where……………….. you (put) ..........................this new bookcase?
5. Smoking is very bad for his health, but he (not give) ………………………..it up.
Exercise 4: Use be going to/will/present continuous
1. Tony .......................... a friend tomorrow.(meet) 6. I'm sure you ..........................the exam next week.
2. I think it .......................... soon.(snow) (not fail)
3. Perhaps I ..........................New York one day. 7. I ..........................my parents at the week-end.
(visit) (visit)
4. What time......................tomorrow?(leave/you) 8. Don't touch that dog. It ..........................you. (bite)
5. Who ..........................the next World Cup? (win) 9. They ..........................for a meal tonight.(come)
10. Look at those clouds, it .........................(rain)
Exercise 5: Choose the best answer:
1. When I _________ to him, I _________ him your news
a. talk/give b. will talk/give c. talk/will give d. will talk/will give
2. Wait a minute. - _________ the door for you
a. I’ll open b. I open c. I’be open d. I’ve opened
3. I _________ send the parcel until I hear from you
a. will b. won’t c. often d. not
4. They are coming here _________ three weeks
a. for b. since c. in d. after
5. My mother _____ to stay with us next week
a. is coming b. will have come c. comes d. would come
6. Andrew and Mary _________ married in May
a. will be b. are going to be c. are getting d. get
7. _________ Anna all the news when I see her
a. I’ll tell b. I’m going to tell c. I tell d. I shall tell
8. Our friends _________ meet us at the airport tonight
a. are b. are going to c. go to d. will be to
9. _________ you lend me your calculator for some minutes, please?
a. Should b. Will c. Need d. Must
10. Can somebody come and help me? Yes, _________ help you
a. I’ll help b. I’m helping c. I will to help d. I help
11. Tom and I ………………to Mary’s birthday party together.
A. am going B. are going C. will go D. are going to go
12. This semester in geography we have studied rock ……………….

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A. information B. formal C. informal D. formations
13. We are going to make a two-day ………………to visit Huong Pagoda.
A. travel B. excursion C. voyage D. gone
14. I know that he ………………..in the library at this moment.
A. works B. has worked C. is working D. was working
15. She ………………sixteen years old next Saturday.
A. is B. is going to C. will be D. has
16. I …………….our teacher tomorrow, so I shall give him your note.
A. have seen B. going to see C. shall have seen D. am seeing
Exercise 6: Reduce the following relative clauses
a. The man who is standing there is my brother => The man standing there is my brother.
b. Do you know the boy who broke the windows last night? => Do you know the boy breaking the
windows last night?
c. The books which were written by Nam Cao are interesting => The books written by Nam Cao are
interesting.
d. The students who were punished by the teacher are lazy =>The students punished by the teacher
are lazy.
e. Tom is the last person who enters the room = Tom is the last person to enter the room.
f. John is the youngest person who takes part in the race =>John is the youngest person to take part in
the race.
g. I have much homework that I must do => I have many homework to do.
h. There are six letters which have to be written today => There are six letters to be written today.
i. Football, which is a popular sport, is very good for health => Football, a popular sport, is very good for
health.
j. Do you like the book which is on the table? => Do you like the book on the table?
k. There must be something that is wrong => There must be something wrong.
l. My grandmother, who is old and sick, never goes out of the house => My grandmother, old and sick,
never goes out of the house.
REWRITE THE RELATIVE CLAUSES BY USING PHRASES

1. The man who’s talking to the policeman has just returned home from Paris.

2. The novel which was bought by my sister is very interesting.

3. The students who make noise in class will be punished.

4. Passengers who travelled on this bus bought their tickets in books.

5. Do you see the notice which warns people not to enter the military zone?

6. The stairs which lead to the cellar are rather slippery.

7. We had a river in which we could swim.

8. You are the last person who saw her alive.

9. The pilot was the only one who survived the air crash.

10. He was the second man who was killed in this way.

11. Neil Armstrong was the first man who walked on the moon.

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12. Here are some accounts that you must check.

13. I’ve got a bottle of wine but I haven’t got anything that I could open it with.

14. I have some letters that I must write.

15. He simply loves parties. He is always the first who comes and the last who goes.

16. The Queen Elizabeth is the largest ship which has been built on the Clyde.

17. My grandmother, who is old and sick, never goes out of the house.

18. Kuala Lumpur, which is the capital city of Malaysia, is a major trade center in Southeast Asia.

19. Emma Thompson is the most famous actress who will appear on stage here.

20. We have some picture books that children can read.

21. I come from a city that is located in the southern part of the country.

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Exercise 6: Combine each pair of sentences into one using a suitable relative pronoun:

1. He works in a factory. It makes bicycles.

 ______________________________________________

2. The building is the town hall. You can see it in front of you.
 ______________________________________________
3. The dictionary was too expensive. I wanted to buy it.
 ________________________________________________
4. The man wasn’t at the party. I had seen him before.
 ________________________________________________
5. Mary has practiced English in her room.
 __________________________________________________
6. They have used computers since 1946.
 ___________________________________________________
7. Peter has met us at the club.
 ___________________________________________________
8. The girl has met her friends at the airport.
 ___________________________________________________
9. I have written a letter for her before.
 __________________________________________________
Exercise 7: Fill in each blank with an appropriate word
days off background profession persuade interact downloaded
1. I __________a good program from the Internet the other day. Would you like a copy?
2. I work from Tuesday to Saturday, and Sunday and Monday are my __________.
3. He finally came with us, although it took a long time to __________him.
4. In large classes; children feel that they cannot __________with the teacher.
5. Let me give you a little __________about the president of the company.
6. She is interested in teaching __________because she loves working with children.
subjects injured channels took off harbored permission
7. The teacher got angry because Jack went out of the class without getting her _________.
8. How many __________are there on our national TV?
9. The __________of the accident should be taken care of.
10. The plane had __________an hour late.
11. Mary was very disappointed to fail in three of her four __________.
12. Tam __________his hope of being a pilot.
subjects surfing channels downloaded harbored permission
13. If you want some photos of the USA, you could just try __________the Web. You’ll be
amazed how many you can find.
14. I __________a good program from the Internet the other day. Would you like a copy?
15. __________is the programs that you put into a computer to make it run.
16. Students should be encouraged to use the __________as a resource.
17. Those __________disks don’t store nearly enough information.
18. I’ve lost a lot of data. I wonder if my computer has a __________.

Exercise 8: Choose the correct option A, B, C or D to complete the following passage

The electronic computer is the most (10) ................ invention since steam-engine. While the (11) ................
revolution previously changed the nature of manual work, the revolution is now changing the work
(12) ................ by brain. Nowadays micro-computers are manufactured in hundreds of thousands and are
constantly being equipped (13) ................ more and more ingenious (14) ................
10.       A. powerful       `          B. significant                 C. strange                    D. mysterious
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11.       A. industrial                  B. industrialize C. industrialization         D. industry
12.       B. doing                       B. does                        C. did                          D. done
13.       A. at                            B. with                        C. on                            D. in
14.       A. machine                  B. computer                 C. programs                D. devices
Exercise 8: Give the correct tense of the verbs in brackets:(HTHThành hoặc QKĐơn)
1. Last night I (watch) __________ a film, I (never see) ____________ such an interesting film.
2. Nam (learn) _________ German since last year. He (just return) ____________ home from Germany.
3. The children (not finish) ____________ the exercises yet. This morning they (play) ________ games.
4. Ann (watch) __________ the play for two hours. Last week she (read) __________ an article about it.
5. He (write) ________ the novel when he was young. Recently, he (write) ________ many short stories
6. Last week, Long (not come) ____________ to the club. He (be) ______________ sick since then.
7. ________ you (meet) ___________ your uncle from the USA yet ?
8. Mr Smith (not travel) ________ to Vietnam yet. He (just watch) ________ a program about Vietnam.
9. Linda (never see) ______________ a ballet in her life.
10. I (just finish) __________ my homework. Yesterday I (not do) ______ it, which annoys my teacher.

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17. Our class ……………..a picnic at Thay Pagoda this Sunday.
A. am having B. will has C. is going to have D. go to have
18. Where is your father? – He …………….in his office.
A. works B. has worked C. is working D. worked
19. We have run out of milk. – Oh, have we ? I ………………and get some.
A. would go B. will go C. will be going D. was going

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1. Tony [No answer]   is meeting a friend tomorrow.(meet)
2. I think it [No answer]   will snow soon.(snow)
3. Perhaps I [No answer]   will visit New York one day.(visit)
4. What time [No answer]   are you leaving tomorrow?(leave/you)
5. Who [No answer]   will win the next World Cup? (win)
6. I'm sure you [No answer]   will not fail the exam next week. (not fail)
7. I [No answer]   am visiting my parents at the week-end. (visit)
8. Don't touch that dog. It [No answer]   will bite you. (bite)
9. They [No answer]   are coming for a meal tonight.(come)
10. Look at those clouds, it [No answer]   is going to rain .(rain)

Đáp án
1. The man talking to the policeman has just returned home from Paris.

2. The novel bought by my sister is very interesting.

3. The students making noise in class will be punished.

4. Passengers travelling on this bus bought their tickets in books.

5. Do you see the notice warning people not to enter the military zone?

6. The stairs leading to the cellar are rather slippery.

7. We had a river to swim.

8. You are the last person to see her alive.

9. The pilot was the only one to survive the air crash.

10. He was the second man to be killed in this way.

11. Neil Armstrong was the first man to walk on the moon.

12. Here are some accounts to check.

13. I’ve got a bottle of wine but I haven’t got anything to open it with.

14. I have some letters to write.

15. He simply loves parties. He is always the first to come and the last to go.

16. The Queen Elizabeth is the largest ship to be built on the Clyde.

17. My old and sick grandmother never goes out of the house.

18. Kuala Lumpur, the capital city of Malaysia, is a major trade center in Southeast Asia.

19. Emma Thompson is the most famous actress to appear on stage here.

20. We have some picture books to be read by children. .

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 21. I come from a city located in the southern part of the country.
A. Lý thuyết rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ
Có 6 cách rút gọn câu dùng mệnh đề quan hệ trong tiếng Anh.
I. Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ bằng cách dùng participle phrases (V-ing phrase)
Nếu động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở thể chủ động (active), ta dùng cụm hiện tại phân từ (present
participle phrase) thay cho mệnh đề đó. Thao tác: Bỏ đại từ quan hệ và trợ động từ, đưa động từ chính về
nguyên mẫu và thêm đuôi – ing.
Ex: The man who is standing there is my brother => The man standing there is my brother
Do you know the boy who broke the windows last night? => Do you know the boy breaking the windows
last night?
II. Rút gọn bằng cách dùng past participle phrase (V-ed phrase)
Nếu động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở thể bị động (passive) ta dùng cụm quá khứ phân từ (past participle
phrase).
Ex: The books which were written by Nam Cao are interesting => The books written by Nam Cao are
interesting.
The students who were punished by teacher are lazy =>The students punished by teacher are lazy.
III. Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ bằng to infinitive
Dùng khi danh từ đứng trước có các chữ sau đây bổ nghĩa: the only, the first, the second,… the last, so
sánh nhất, mục đích.
Ex: Tom is the last person who enters the room = Tom is the last person to enter the room.
John is the youngest person who takes part in the race =>John is the youngest person to take part in the
race.
Động từ là HAVE/ HAD
Ex: I have much homework that I must do => I have many homework to do.
Đầu câu có HERE (BE), THERE (BE)
Ex: There are six letters which have to be written today => There are six letters to be written today.
IV. Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ dùng cụm danh từ (đồng cách danh từ)
Dùng khi mệnh đề quan hệ tình từ có dạng: S + BE + DANH TỪ /CỤM DANH TỪ/CỤM GIỚI TỪ Cách
làm: bỏ who ,which và be.
Ex: Football, which is a popular sport, is very good for health => Football, a popular sport, is very good for
health.
Do you like the book which is on the table? => Do you like the book on the table?
V. Mệnh đề rút gọn tính từ có dạng be và tính từ/cụm tính từ
Có 2 công thức rút gọn:
Công thức 1: Bỏ who, which…to be -> giữ nguyên tính từ phía sau.
Điều kiện 1: Nếu phía trước that là đại từ phiếm chỉ như something, anything, anybody…
Ex: There must be something that is wrong => There must be something wrong.
Điều kiện 2: Có dấu phẩy phía trước và phải có từ 2 tính từ trở lên.
Ex: My grandmother, who is old and sick, never goes out of the house => My grandmother, old and sick,
never goes out of the house.
Công thức 2: Những trường hợp còn lại ta đem tính từ lên trước danh từ.
Ex: My grandmother, who is sick, never goes out of the house => My sick grandmother never goes out of
the house.
I buy a hat which is very beautiful and fashionable => I buy a very beautiful and fashionable hat.
Tuy nhiên nếu cụm tính từ gồm cả danh từ ở trong nó thì ta chỉ còn cách dùng V-ing mà thôi.
Ex: I met a man who was very good at both English and French => I met a man being very good at both
English and French.
Tóm lại cách rút gọn loại này khá phức tạp vì nó tùy thuộc vào đến 3 yếu tố: có một hay nhiều tính từ –
danh từ đứng trước có phải là phiếm chỉ không có dấu phẩy hay không
VI. Mệnh đề tính từ thành tính từ ghép

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Cách làm: Ta sẽ rút gọn mệnh đề thành một tính từ ghép bằng cách tìm trong mệnh đề một số đếm và danh
từ đi sau nó, sau đó ta để chúng kế nhau và thêm dấu gạch nối ở giữa. Đem tính từ ghép đó ra trước danh từ
đứng truớc who, which…- những phần còn lại bỏ hết.
Lưu ý:
+ Danh từ không được thêm “s”
+ Chỉ dùng được dạng này khi mệnh để tính từ có số đếm
+ Các cụm như tuổi thì sẽ viết lại cả 3 từ và gạch nối giữa chúng (two years old à two-year-old)
Ex: I have a car which has four seats => I have a four-seat car. I had a holiday which lasted two days => I
had a two-day holiday.

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