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CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS RELATED LITERATURE

Introduction

With the fast-changing world of today’s society, many have come up with various

inventions and innovation. Indeed, change is inevitable and in line with this change is

what we call, technology. It was born out of a purpose, and a purpose drives technology

forward. And with this purpose, technology continuously makes its way forward through

improvements by integrating existing innovations to create something better and more

beneficial for everyone.

Internet of things, refers to the connecting of any device to the Internet and/or to

each other. It is a concept that has already been there since the emergence of the

computer age, but people were not able to maximize its true potential due to the limited

assistance that the technology could offer back then. Recently, the demand for Internet of

things increased together with the advancement of technology, the reason why, is because

of the various benefits that it provides especially to this day, where living without the aid

of technology seems to be difficult.

At this day and age, it is undeniable that technology plays an important role in the

lives of every individual, it can be compared to as an extended limb of person. These

days, its role is now more relevant in the lifestyle of the people in the society. People

these days are busier than ever with their works and different activities, they also tend to

move and work fast to keep up with their surroundings. With that, people tend or seem to

forget and ignore some things that are valuable for them.
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These kinds of problems are simple and what are usually solved under the concept

of Internet of Things, problems that are overshadowed by the other problems that are

more important and something that is only normally noticed when it occurs. Though

simple, these are still problems that could have huge potential consequences.

A great thing about the Internet of things is its seemingly limitless potential to

create and innovate devices. Meaning the possibility of creating a solution for these kinds

of problems, or the solution when people forgot to bring some of their valuable items is

great.

Internet of things had greatly contributed to the improvement security and safety,

and is the reason why notification system, alert system, or warning system had spawned.

it is also responsible for those personal home security systems which can be connected to

the owner’s phone that allows him to see and watch his home, wherever he is.

Most of the application of Internet of things are like this personal home securities

system or those which help people be aware of their surroundings or aid them in

everyday chores. These kinds of device enable and helps people to live and work smarter,

by helping them to focus more on their priorities and as well as gain control over their

lives. There are also what they call wearables which refers to the things that can be worn

by a person that are connected to their phones, to other devices or the internet. The most

famous example of this would be smart watches.

Technology up to this day is still evolving, and together with this evolution is its

unexplored potentials, and the Internet of things under this unexplored potential. Even
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though we can clearly see its application, great usage to this day and age, there still so

much to explore that could aid and improve our way of living

Review of Related Literature

In this day and age, the role of technology in the lifestyle or a persons’ way of

living is getting bigger. People use various technology whether it is big or small, simple

or complex, they use it in order to make their lives easier and to accomplish the different

activities they need to. This reliance is the inspiration of this study.

Internet of things, in a broad sense according to Matthew Evans (2018) is

everything that is connected to the internet, or things that are connected and

communicating to each other. He also said that simply IoT (Internet of Things) is made

up of devices, from simple sensors, smartphones and wearables, connected together

wirelessly (not necessarily through internet).

In this recent years, wireless technology or wireless communication has been

increasingly used by people. An example of this would be Bluetooth. According to

Townsend (2014), Bluetooth offers assistance to people, due to having an increasing

number of users. It resulted in multiple Bluetooth applications allowing us to manage

interconnected multiple devices within a certain range that has been developed. Although

it is not as popular as internet, or Wi-fi these days still many engineers believe and

consider the use of Bluetooth.

In an article written by Christian Mongodin in 2018, he stated that the use the

rapid technological advancement had a great impact on individuals. He stated that this

increasing and the use of technology in the individual these days, is making the
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individuals reliant on the use of technology. In short, he believed that due to the frequent

use of technology, this had already become a part of their lifestyle and something that is

hard to take away from them anymore.

Although, technology is mostly seen as an aid of to peoples’ lifestyle, it is also

popularly used to improve one’s safety and security. In an article published by India

Today (2018), it was stated that the technological advancement had greatly enhanced

todays security and safety. It also stated that in the recent years many technological

devices and innovations has been created, one example would be the alert system, or

notification system.

Notification system, according to wiseGEEK (2016), refers to a set of protocols

and procedures that can involve both human and computer components. The purpose of

these systems is to generate and send timely messages to a person or group of people.

The basic purpose of a notification system to alert a person that a particular event has

happened.

Most of the time, the notification system is used for emergency purposes, but it is

also used for other purposes. According to Alertmedia (2020), notification systems had

been also used for the field of education, usually during enrollment season where several

people are enrolling. They used this in order to accommodate and organize all the

requirements sent by the students. Notification systems are also used in businesses for

coordinated logistics, and also for general announcements. The article also stated that it is

also used for personal reasons by some engineers or knowledgeable about the said

system.
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Related Studies

In order to for the study to be completed, the researchers searched for various

studies and researches that are related to their study, a proposed model for the personal

proximity alerting device via Bluetooth.

In a study conducted by Er Rida, Liu, Jadi, Algawhari, and Askourih (2015),

named Indoor location position based on Bluetooth signal strength. It is stated that RSSI

(Receive Signal Strength Indicator) of the Bluetooth low energy (Bluetooth 4.0) is more

efficient at locating a device based on its signal strength at a much lower power cost than

other wireless technology such as Wi-Fi, GPS, and lower Bluetooth versions.

In the Analysis of Bluetooth signal parameters for indoor positioning systems by

Subhan, Hasbullah, Rozyyev, and Bakhsh (2012), the study tackles the potential of

Bluetooth for tracking smart gadgets because of how common, efficient, cheap and

portable Bluetooth is. This study greatly emphasized that with proper resourcing and

techniques the potential of Bluetooth is increases.

In another study titled the Tracking devices may improve quality of life for

parents of children with autism, by the American Academy of Pediatrics (2017). It

suggests that trackers using Bluetooth to help ease anxiety of parents of childrens who

wander. 1,345 Parents was invited to participate in this study 96 percent of which said

that the tracker made their quality of life better (47% said it made their life “somewhat

better” and 49% said it made their life “much better”). According to American Academy
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of Pediatrics (2017), when not using a tracker 87 percent of the parents said that anxiety

caused by the concern about their child wandering affects the decisions whether they

would let their child spend time with friends or family in their absence, compared to

when the parents are given a tracker the percent of parents who said it they are still

anxious about the concern about their child wandering was down to 60 percent.

Aside from the studies in relation to Bluetooth, the researchers also looked for

studies that are similar to theirs. In the study Vibration Signaling in Mobile Devices for

Emergency Alerting: A Study With Dead Evaluators, by Harkins, Tucker, Williams, and

Sauro (2010). The study looked for the effectiveness of vibration to alert people with

impaired hearing. 44 percent of deaf users found vibration as effective to get their

attention. The study also showed that the longer the vibration is the more effective it will

be in getting attention.

On the other hand, a study by Washner and Putney (1998) named Stimulus

Movement And The Intensity Of Attention, focused on the effects of visual stimuli to the

brain. The study suggests that visual stimuli such as lights and moving objects are

recognized and processed by the brain. The visual stimuli gathers the attention of the eyes

and will be processed by the brain in a short period of time.

To conclude, the researchers found many studies about the functions of Bluetooth

and its specifications and studies about a persons’ alertness. During the research they

have also found patents for different products with similarities to their device, but no

studies regarding its effectiveness or usage.

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Conceptual Framework

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Resource People Planning

a) Computer  Analytic exploration of

the possible fields for
Engineer the conducting of the
b) IT graduate study.
c) Electronics System Analysis
Engineer
 Doing a study on the
Construction needed, and the best
possible components
d) Motherboard for the device.
e) Computer Development
f) Breadboard
 Preparing a layout or
g) Cables design.
h) Soldering iron  Purchasing of the
A Proposed Model
i) Light-emitting components for the
prototype. for the Personal
diode  Building and coding of Proximity
the device. Alerting Device
Advantages
Testing via Bluetooth
a) Convenience
 Showing the proposed
b) Portable model to the experts
c) Easy to use for gathering of
d) Easy feedbacks and
recommendation.
installation  Asking for the opinions
of possible common
Disadvantages users.

a) Battery Implementation
consumption  Improvement of the
b) Limited range final proposed model,
and getting ready for
the possible
recommendation of the
project.
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FEEDBACK
Figure 1: Paradigm of the Study
In Figure 1 was the outline of the whole research study, including the input,

process, and output (IPO Method).

The Input frame, contains the various points that will be discussed and explored

within this research project. This includes the resource persons consulted, the

construction of the project, the components needed in order create the product. It also

includes the advantages and disadvantages of using the product, which acts as

benchmarks, as the reason why the project is being conducted; and also its significance

and to keep in mind the possible errors that the researchers might encounter in

constructing the product.

In the Process frame, the following procedures were showed: Planning, System

analysis (a further study of the device), Development (the design and programming),

Testing (conducting an interview), and Implementation of the device (Possibility of the

project).

Finally, the Output frame shows the capstone project per se, the Proposed Model

for the Personal Proximity Alerting Device via Bluetooth

Theoretical Framework

The present study is anchored on the following theories.

The Programming language theory (PLT) is a branch of computer science that

deals with the design, implementation, analysis, characterization, and classification of

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programming languages and their individual features. It falls within the discipline of

computer science, both depending on and affecting mathematics, software engineering,

linguistics and even cognitive science. It is a well-recognized branch of computer

science, and an active research area, with results published in numerous journals

dedicated to PLT, as well as in general computer science and engineering publications.

Theory of Internet of Things (1999) refers to all unconventional electronic

devices that exchange data via the Internet using a local or wireless network. It can be a

consumers electronics like fitness trackers, home appliances like web cameras, voice

assistants, refrigerators, coffee makers or washing machines. And even industrial Internet

of Things - equipment like robotics, sensors and so on. The main principle of IoT means

that everything that can be connected will be connected. Toothbrushes and pans are not

even exceptions to the rule.

Statement of the problem

The general problem of the study is: how may a proposed model for the personal

proximity alerting device via Bluetooth?

This research aims to answer the following questions:

1. What are the components of the proposed model for the personal proximity alerting

device via Bluetooth?

2. What are the procedures for the components to put together?

3. How can the product’s design and programming contribute to the final proposal

model of the product?

4. How can be the product be further improved?

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5. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using the product?

Significance of the Study

The results of this research are deemed to have tremendous implications to the

following stakeholders:

To the Students. The result of this study will help the students to locate any

misplace objects and to keep tract of their possessions, it would also help them focus

more on doing their school works. The study will provide information and knowledge

regarding the construction of the product, how it works and the topic of the research per

se.

To the Parents. With this study, depending on their use, it can help the parents to

keep on track to their children whenever they are going outside and the parents are afraid

of losing them. It can also help them keep tract of their belongings, which would help

them focus more on doing their duties as parents.

To the Employees. The study will provide the knowledge for the employees to

understand its mechanisms and how it functions. The construction of this product will

provide the needs of the employees regarding their needs of a device that will ensure the

safety of their belongings, especially if their jobs require them to travel to different places

all the time.

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

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The scope of this study is how to construct a device that will hopefully lessen the

loss of items by the owner. It is focused on gathering information regarding the on what

would be the most suitable model of the product, its advantages and disadvantages. The

study aims to provide additional security for the owner’s choice of item. The respondents

and resource person of the study include the employees that rely on devices for their

work and students that are commonly using such devices, and people who are

knowledgeable about the topic.

Definition of Terms

The following terms were defined either conceptually or operational.

AltBeacon. This refers to an open-source and free to use android library that was

providing APIs to interact with beacons.

Android. This refers to a mobile operating system

API. This refers to a communication protocol to software library intended to

simplify the implementation and maintenance of software.

Bluetooth. This refers to a wireless technology standard used for exchanging data

between fixed and mobile devices over short distances using short-wavelength

UHF radio waves.

Components. This refers to a part or element of a larger whole, especially a part

of a machine or vehicle.

dBm. This refers to an abbreviation for the power ratio in decibels of the

measured power referenced to one milliwatt.

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Design. This refers to a plan or drawing produced to show the look and function

or workings of a building, garment, or other object before it is built or made.

iBeacon. This refers to is Apple’s version of the Bluetooth-based beacon concept,

which allows Bluetooth devices to broadcast or receive tiny and static pieces of

data within short distances.

Java. This refers to a general-purpose programming language that is class-based,

object-oriented, and designed to have as few implementation dependencies as

possible.

Procedures. This refers to a series of actions conducted in a certain order or

manner.

Programming. This refers to the action or process of writing computer programs.

Proximity. This refers to nearness in space, time, or relationship

Python. This refers to an interpreted, high-level, general-purpose programming

language.

Raspberry Pi Zero W. This refers to a single-board computer

XML. This refers to is a markup language that defines a set of rules for encoding

documents in a format that is both human-readable and machine-readable.

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CHAPTER II

This part of the study presents the design of the research, particularly the target

respondents, method, setting of the study, instrumentation in validation, and data

gathering procedure which includes statistical tools for treatment of data yielded by the

study.

Research Methods and Design

The researchers used a mixed method for the study. The researchers conducted

interviews in order to gather data, opinions, thoughts, and suggestions from experts or

more knowledgeable people in this area of research study such as Electronics Engineer,

Computer Engineer, and IT experts. Interviews are usually a face-to-face interaction

between the interviewee and interviewer but it can also be carried out in video calls. An

interview is usually held in the interviewee's home or in any place where the interviewee

is comfortable with and interview method was used for the clarification and to further

analyze and examine deeply the opinions and corrections, and for the recommendation of

the interviewees.

The research design that was considered by the researchers was in the form of

Descriptive Research, which involves gathering of data that can be used to describe the

study’s significance and brings an outline that would help the researchers to organize,

analyze, or even tabulate the data.

Population and Sample of the Study

The population of this research defined to include selected employees chosen

individually by the researchers. The researchers include 4 employees to participate in this

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study. The researchers selected the participants individually. The researchers used

purposive sampling to individually select the participants of this study. The type of

sampling the researcher used is to get response from people who the researchers think is

fit for the topic.

List of participants

Employees

 Engr. Kristopher A. Bautista (Ect)

 Engr. John Emerson Paña (Computer Engineer)

 Michael Angelo Carpio (IT)

 Engr. Kenneth S. Tulagan (Ece)

Research Instruments

The researchers gathered information from online websites and implemented it on

their project in order to have the desired product. The tests were composed of multiple

trials in order to come up with the results that the researchers want. The experimentation

that the researchers did was related to the use of Bluetooth technology to connect devices

and trigger functions.

The researchers conducted the experiment with the chosen sample and took

advice from computer engineers and searched through different websites to use the

desired information for this study.

Data Collecting Procedure

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The researchers prepared an approval letter requesting the permission to conduct

an interview outside the school, in order to gather the data needed to complete the

research.

After which, the researchers conducted an interview that was done personally on the

respondents’ choice of place and time. The researchers also asked some follow up

questions regarding their answers to the main questions, while also having an opportunity

to hear and to learn from their recommendations. The researchers made sure that the

respondents were not forced to answer and participate and also not have any time

pressure while the respondents were answering the questions because these factors may

affect the answers and the data which were collected. It took 3 days for the researchers to

collect all the data needed. The gathered data will then be analyzed and interpreted in

order to come up with a result.

Data Processing

To interpret the data productively, the researchers collected the data through

conducting of interviews. The researchers prepared questions that are aligned to the

research problems. The respondents were Electronics Engineer, Computer Engineer, and

IT experts, who were chosen because of their expertise and possible significant

involvement in this study, and also some technology experts who would know more

about the product.

The researchers used Descriptive Research, which involves gathering of data that

can be used to describe the study’s significance and bring an outline that would help the

researchers to organize, analyze, or even tabulate the gathered data.

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CHAPTER III

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AN DINTERPRETATION OF DATA

A. Raw Materials

Figure 2.1 Device Setup

The primary hardware components of the device were RaspberryPi Zero W,

Android 4.4 KitKat Operating System Smartphone, and red LED. The other components

were 470Ω resistors, jumper wire housing, and 40 GPIO male pins.
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Figure 2.2 Raspberry Pi Zero W

Figure 2.2 shows the Raspberry Pi Zero W used in the Personal Proximity

Alerting Device. This acts as the iBeacon transmitter, and data receiver.

Figure 2.3 40 GPIO Male Pins

Figure 2.3 shows the 40 GPIO Male Pins soldered to the GPIO sockets of

Raspberry Pi Zero W.

Figure 2.4 Red LED

Figure 2.4 was used as an indicator for exceeding the set triggering distance in

application.
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Figure 2.5 470Ω Resistor Figure 2.6 Soldering Lead

Figure 2.7 Jumper Wire Housing

Figure 2.5, Figure 2.6, and Figure 2.7 were used to properly connect the LED

indicator to the GPIO pins.

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Figure 2.8 Soldering Iron

Figure 2.8 shows the tool used to solder 470Ω resistor, jumper wire housing, and

indicators together.

Figure 2.9 Android 4.4 KitKat Operating System and above

Figure 2.9 shows the operating system needed by the application in order to work.
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Figure 2.10 Android Studio

The Personal Proximity Alerting Device was developed using Android

Studio Integrated Development Environment (Figure 2.10). It was an official

Android Application Developer that uses Java and XML Programming Language.

The researchers plugged cellphone to computer to directly run the software and

enable testing and debugging.

Figure 2.11 AltBeacon

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AltBeacon was an open-source and free to use android library that was

providing APIs to interact with beacons. It was used by the application to scan

iBeacon signals.

B. Assemble

40 GPIO Male Pins

Raspberry Pi Zero W came without GPIO pins installed to it. 40 GPIO

Male Pins were soldered individually to the proper areas in Raspberry Pi Zero W.

LED Distance Indicator

Two (2) jumper wire housings, one (1) 470Ω resistor, and one (1) red

LED were used to create LED distance indicator for the device. One side of 470Ω

resistor was soldered to a jumper wire housing, positive wire of the red LED was

connected to a jumper wire housing, and then both remaining sides of red LED

and 470Ω resistor were connected. The jumper wire housing of 470Ω resistor was

placed to ground at pin 3 of Raspberry Pi Zero W, and red LED jumper wire

housing was inserted to 3v output GPIO 3 at pin 22.

Device’s Android Application

Personal Proximity Alerting Application was used to scan iBeacon

transmitter, and to send data to the device. AltBeacon is an interoperable

proximity beacon specification, and an open source library. It provided easy

access to beacon protocols, and scanning. It was implemented and used to

program the beacon scanner for Personal Proximity Alerting Application. The
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functions of application were written using Java language, together with XML

design language for the visuals of the application.

Device’s Program

Personal Proximity Alerting Device was used to transmit iBeacon signals,

and to receive data from Personal Proximity Alerting Application. The program

was written using python language.

C. Trials / Experiments

Personal Proximity Alerting Device Capability in Long-term Use

The researchers tested the capability of Personal Proximity Alerting

Device in long-term power use. It was left connected to a power supply, and the

program running for 6 hours, 9 hours, and 12 hours. The researchers noticed no

drop in performance, and effectivity in device.

Device’s Maximum Connection Range

The researchers tested the maximum range of iBeacon, and Bluetooth in

an open field to minimize the signal interferences caused by the environment. The

researchers slowly moved away from the device connecting and disconnecting,

until it was no longer able to connect, and measure the distance of device and the

cellphone. The researchers did three (3) trials, producing data of 16.3 meters, 24.6

meters, and 18.2 meters. In average the maximum range of the Bluetooth was

19.7 meters. The researchers conducted another three (3) trials for determining the
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maximum connection range inside a building. The trial concluded with three

results, first was 15.9 meters, second was 12.7 meters, and the last result was 14.1

meters. It produced an average of 14.23 meters.

Device’s Maximum Send Data Range

The researchers connected the smartphone to the device in an open field,

and repeatedly sending data to the device while moving away. The researchers

measured the distance after the device was no longer receiving data inputs from

the smartphone. Three (3) trials were conducted. First trial gave off a value of

31.2 meters. Second trial produced 29.7 meters. The last trial gave off 30.5

meters. The researchers conducted another test composing of three (3) trails,

however it is in a building. It gave off a result of, 25.3 meters, 27.1 meters, and

26.4 meters.

Device’s Signal Strength Interval

The researchers wrote a program alongside with the application to

measure the average interval of signal strength receive time of application having

1 meter, 5 meters, and 10 meters in distance. The researchers gathered 2.14

seconds average interval time for 1 meter, 2.53 seconds for 5 meters, and 2.92

seconds for 10 meters.

Device’s Signal Strength from 1 meter away

The researchers placed the smartphone in an open field 1 meter away from

the device. The researchers gathered twenty (20) signal strength data from the

device. The results were, -66 dBm, -61 dBm, -64 dBm, -62 dBm, -57 dBm, -68
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dBm, -64 dBm, -63 dBm, -67 dBm, -58 dBm, -58 dBm, -57 dBm, -62 dBm, -61

dBm, -56 dBm, -61 dBm, -58 dBm, -58 dBm, -61 dBm, and -63 dBm.

D. Results

Personal Proximity Alerting Device Capability in Long-term Use

The researchers found out that the device was able to handle tasks, and

operate for a long period of time without encountering any sort of program

crashes.

Device’s Maximum Connection Range

The maximum distance that the researchers were able to obtain was 24.6

meters. However, the average distance was 19.7 meters, which was distant to the

maximum distance obtained by the researchers. The researchers discovered that

device maximum connection distance was uncertain, but it was ranged between

16.3 meters to 24.6 meters. The researchers found out that device connection

range inside a building was lower than the open field.

Device’s Maximum Send Data Range

The researchers determined that while both smartphone and device were

connected, the maximum send data range was higher than the maximum

connection range. The maximum data range depended in the environment where

both smartphone and device were placed.

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Device’s Sending Signal Strength Interval

The researchers found out that while the distance from the device to the

smartphone was increasing, the time it took to send signal strength data to the

smartphone also increased.

Device’s Signal Strength from 1 meter away

The researchers found out that the average signal strength in an open field

1 meter away from the device was -61.25 dBm

Table 1

Results Gathered after Conducting an Experiment on Device’s Capability in Long-term

uses

Duration Result

6 Hours No reported crash

8 Hours No reported crash

12 Hours No reported crash

Table 2.1

Results Gathered after Conducting an Experiment on Device’s Maximum Connection

Range in an Open Field

Trial Result

1 16.3 meters
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2 24.6 meters

3 18.2 meters

Table 2.2

Results Gathered after Conducting an Experiment on Device’s Maximum Connection

Range in a Building

Trial Result

1 15.9 meters

2 12.7 meters

3 14.1 meters

Table 3.1

Results Gathered after Conducting an Experiment on Device’s Maximum Send Data

Range in an Open Field

Trial Result

1 31.2 meters

2 29.7 meters
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3 30.5 meters

Table 3.2

Results Gathered after Conducting an Experiment on Device’s Maximum Send Data

Range in a Building

Trial Result

1 25.3 meters

2 27.1 meters

3 26.4 meters

Table 4

Results Gathered after Conducting an Experiment on Device’s Sending Signal Strength

Interval

Distance Result
1 meter 2.14 seconds
5 meters 2.53 seconds
10 meters 2.92 seconds
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Table 5

Results Gathered after Conducting an Experiment on Device’s Signal Strength from 1

meter away in an Open Field

Trial Signal Strength Trial Signal Strength

1 -66 dBm 11 -58 dBm
2 -61 dBm 12 -57 dBm
3 -64 dBm 13 -62 dBm
4 -62 dBm 14 -61 dBm
5 -57 dBm 15 -56 dBm
6 -68 dBm 16 -61 dBm
7 -64 dBm 17 -58 dBm
8 -63 dBm 18 -58 dBm
9 -67 dBm 19 -61 dBm
10 -58 dBm 20 -63 dBm

E. Resource Persons

Table 6

How does the products design contribute to the final proposed model, in terms of

material used in, wiring, components, and in battery or input power?

Interviewees Answer
1. Kenneth S. Tulagan “Okay so for the final design vs the

proposed design or your proposal,

the result of your work is it is

slightly bulky and the result is it is a

consolidated device, so most likely

it needs to compact the equipment or

devices into a one module only”

2. John Emerson Paña “The design is ideal and with
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regards to the battery, it is slightly

small for the product, and with the

components, and the wiring, you

need to lessen the wire to make your

product smaller.
3. Engr. Kristopher A. Bautista, ECT “I think your product design is not

enough to make your product

convenient for the users but since it

is a Bluetooth module and if you

used raspberry for your product. But

there is other module you can use to

make your product better”

4. Michael Carpio “So, regarding to the product design,

I think that this design is not totally

good for the product because of its

size and expensive prices but we can

see that we will know if there is a

possible delay in signal since your

proposed product is for sensor. So

the prototype you present, it need to

show and prioritize the smaller size

to make it compatible and portable,

and also the materials you will used

is not expensive because it is not

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only your project but also you can

use it in everyday life. In product

design, it needs to show that your

materials are not expensive but have

a good quality product.”

Table 6 shows that all of the answer from the respondents are not favor to

the product design in terms of material used in wiring, components, and in the

battery because they said that the product design makes the product become bulky

and also the battery used is small for the product. The respondents said that the

product needs to use another module that has a better quality that will make the

product more convenient.

Table 7

How does the programming of the device contribute to the final proposed model

in terms of mother board, Bluetooth version, and programming language?

Interviewees Answers
1. Kenneth S. Tulagan “In programming, there is nothing I can

say because the program is good, like you

said it has python, and then the Bluetooth

version is 4.0, so basically the things you

used in programming are high-end.”

2. John Emerson Paña “The components are very compatible and

good and there is no case that those

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components failed in other product. And

in terms of programming, Python is one of

the best programming language that you

can use, I can say that it is a good product

and I rate it 9.5 over 10”

3. Engr. Kristopher A. Bautista, “The python you used in programming is

ECT very compatible especially for web

developing and programming and it has a

good Bluetooth version even though it is

not the latest version”

4. Michael Carpio “So, in terms of programming, it’s the

soul of your product. You used a good

programming language in making your

product and you also have a good version

of Bluetooth. “

Table 7 shows that all the respondents had positive things to say regarding

to the programming used in making the product. Most of the respondents said that

it is a good idea to use a python in the programming language because it is a good

quality in programming devices.

Table 8

How can the product be further improved?

Interviewees Answers
1. Kenneth S. Tulagan “ Like I said earlier, the improvement of
 33

this project is the compact, compact of

the devices, since the product is 3 inches

by 1 inches dimension, it is good if you

buy a device that is all in one where the

wiring is minimal, because if there is a

lot of wire, the equipment will be bulky,

since it is revolutionized nowadays

wherein we can see wireless earphones,

what more if you remove the wire of this

project, since the essence of this is

Bluetooth connection, which is wireless.

The best thing to do in the product is

you’ll minimal the wiring or fabricate an

all-in-one module which you can put all

the components there. I think that is the

best improve for the product.”

2. John Emerson Paña “I think you need to improve the

capability of the product and the design

and make it smaller, and make sure that

the prototype will work, and I suggest

that you make the product waterproof.”

3. Engr. Kristopher A. Bautista, “For me, I think the components you

ECT used is good except for the size of the

product, but if you can make it smaller,

 34

the product will be portable for the users.

There is an arduino which have a smaller

microcontroller and small Bluetooth

module and I think it will be better if you

used it. And since you used PCB, it also

makes the product bulky. And I

recommend to add functions for the

product. But all in all, the product is

good for me.”

4. Michael Carpio “For the product to improve, For me it

need to have a wider range of sensor, it

will be more useful if it has a broad

range, yes we can say that it is good in a

30 meters range but we’re thinking if

what more we can do because this is the

product that the people will use, so we

need to think not only in operating the

system or the hardware but also on how

the consumers use it in efficient and

convenient way.”

Table 8 shows that most of the respondents recommend that make the

product smaller to make the product portable to the users. To make the product

smaller, the respondents suggest to use a module which is you can put the
 35

components there all together to avoid making it bulky. And they also add that

make the product waterproof and it needs to have a wider range of sensor.

Table 9.1

Do you agree that the convenience, useful, avert problems, portable, easy to use,

and easy installation are the advantages of the product? Or not?

Interviewees Answers
1. Kenneth S. Tulagan “So, first, since the product is a keychain,

it is user friendly, because you can just

hang it in your bag, or in your wallet. And

then, your thought is also good because

like me wherein I’m in employee’s side,

there is a time where I left my phone

especially when I’m in hurry, the product

is good because it gives motivation for the

employee like me to equip It ,for example

“uy nakalimutan mo yung cellphone mo”

because nowadays, the phone is always

used, wherein the cellphone is always

attached to the user, so basically this

product may use by the employee like me

especially when I’m in hurry, because

when it alarms, it remind us that we forgot

something, for me, this product is not

 36

only usable in cellphone , because your

phone is maybe together with your card,

your wallet, and when the product

notifies, you’ll remind that you forgot

something , so we look to that objective

where this product remind us that we

forgot something, and I think this is the

advantage of the product.”

2. John Emerson Paña “The product is convenient since it is a

keychain and it has an ideal size of a

keychain. And it is also easy to use and

easy to install and in terms of portability,

it is good because it is a keychain”

3. Engr. Kristopher A. Bautista, “Yes, it is convenient and maybe it will

ECT improve, but for me it’s totally convenient

and I agree that it is also portable, easy to

use, and easy to install”

4. Michael Carpio “Yes, I agree especially in convenience

and the portability of the product knowing

that your prototype is 3 inches by 1 inch

wherein you can put it in your bag, easy

to carry, and not a space consuming. And

in terms of easy to use and easy to install,

I think it is an advantage also”

 37

Table 9.1 exhibits the advantages of the product in terms of convenience,

useful, avert problems, portable, easy to use, and easy to install. All the

respondents agree that these factors are the advantages of the product. Most of

them said that it is portable because it is a size of a keychain and it is easy to carry

because we can put it in bag or in wallet And they also agree that it is convenient

for the users and easy to use and easy to install in the consumer’s things.

Table 9.2

Do you agree that the size of the battery, and the limited range of Bluetooth are

the disadvantages of the product? Or not?

Interviewees Answers
1. Kenneth S. Tulagan “So, in the disadvantages, I think your

battery is small to supply the power

consumption for the product and for me you

need to make your sensor wider.”

2. John Emerson Paña “If you use lit ion and your product is an

alarm system, it needs to turn on the device

all the time however it will consume

electricity and as the result the battery that

is used in the device will deplete easily. It’s

not advisable that your battery is disposable

because it will just cause you to buy and

replace many times. In other side, if the

battery is rechargeable, it will become

costly and it will require you to put charging

 38

port in your device. And I think the only

disadvantage of your product is the size of

the battery because it is small and its price”

3. Engr. Kristopher A. Bautista, “The battery is small and it gives a low

ECT battery consumption for the product and the

sensor has a limited range for the users so I

think it is very convenient for the users.

4. Michael Carpio ““If the battery you’ll use is almost the

same size to the battery in the prototype, it

will be a disadvantage to your product

because it’s small for the product. And I

think your product’s sensor is near. “

The table 9.2 indicates the disadvantages of the product in terms of size of

the battery and the limited range of Bluetooth. All of the respondents agree that

these factors are the disadvantages of the product because of the small size of the

battery and the limited range of the Bluetooth. The respondents recommend to

make the product have a wider range to make it more convenient for the users.
 39

CHAPTER IV

SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter contains the research summary, conclusions and recommendations of

the whole study.

Summary

The general purpose of this study was to reduce the chances of people forgetting

the things required for their daily activities. To accomplish that specific goal, the

researchers thought of a solution by developing a personal proximity alerting device that

gives the user alerts and notifications through the user’s smartphone. For this device to be

possible, researchers identified the technology that was be best for this particular purpose

of the study. It was decided that personal proximity alerting device via Bluetooth be the

best suitable.

The development of a portable device required a board with an embedded

microcontroller. The red LED component, and smartphone’s vibrate function were also

included to provide indicator This gave the user more options to choose from which type

of alert would be best suitable for situations. An android compatible application was also

developed by the researchers to serve as the main controller of the device.

Findings

Using the procedures illustrated in the foregoing tables, the answer to the specific

problems raised in the study was established and can be summarized as follows:
 40

1. Based on the interview, most of respondents agreed that the contributions of the

wiring, component, and battery, is not great, because the materials used affects the

convenience and portability of the product.

2. Among the trails and tests done by the researchers in the device maximum

distance of effectiveness, smartphone and the device were able to communicate

while being 30.5 meters apart. The environment affected the maximum distance

needed by the smartphone and device to be able to communicate to each other.

3. The researchers conducted an experiment to test the capability of the device in

long-term uses, and found out that it lasted for 12 hours without any problems

encountered by the device.

4. The interviewees agreed that the programming language used for the device is

high-end good and very compatible to the device.

5. All the respondents agreed that the product is convenient, useful, portable, easy to

use, and easy to install.

6. The respondents all agree that the disadvantage of the product is its small battery

and short distance of Bluetooth connection.

7. The device works best if used in an open field area, wherein there were no

possible signal interferences.

Conclusions

Based on the findings, the following conclusions were drawn:

1. The materials used in the product are not a good quality in making a device so

that it affects the convenience and portability of the product.

 41

2. The range of the device to detect the signal is limited and the environment affects

the communication between the smartphone and the device.

3. The device can last up for long term uses without experiencing any problem in

using the device.

4. The process in making the device used high-end of programming so that it makes

a good quality device.

5. The product is convinient, useful, portable, easy to use, and easy to install that

will help the users to use it.

6. The size of the battery and the limited range of signal are the disadvantage of the

product.

Recommendations

1. The researchers recommended further study regarding alarm device to give future

researchers more reference to base their research on. This will help the future

researchers give more concrete evidence to base their study on.

2. The products design needs to improve for it to be convenient when used in

everyday life.

3. The wirings and other components need to be designed to fit in a smaller case.

4. Bluetooth technology makes the device limited to short distance connection.

Software updates may be needed for the device to be able to extend its range.

5. Battery life was also an issue because of the small design or the device. The

researchers suggest the use of more powerful and compact battery for it to be able

to last longer duration.

 42

6. The use of a waterproof case is recommended. The device is at risk of damage

because of its case design.

7. The researchers recommend the development of iOS supported application

compatible with the device.

 43

References

Ref: Kh., N. (2015, September 7). Theory Of Internet Of Things: Discover How It Is
Turned Into Reality. Retrieved from https://www.cleveroad.com/blog/internet-of-
things-way-from-theory-to-practice
Ref: Kim, E. (2015). Programming Language Theory. Retrieved from
https://edykim.com/plt/
Rouse, M. (2020, February 11). What is IoT (Internet of Things) and How Does it Work?
Retrieved from https://internetofthingsagenda.techtarget.com/definition/Internet-
of-Things-IoT
Morgan, J. (2017, April 20). A Simple Explanation Of 'The Internet Of Things'.
Retrieved
from https://www.forbes.com/sites/jacobmorgan/2014/05/13/simple-explanation-
internet-things-that-anyone-can-understand/
Meola, A. (2019, December 18). A look at examples of IoT devices and their business
applications in 2020. Retrieved from https://www.businessinsider.com/internet-
of-things-devices-examples
Burgess, M. (2018, February 16). What is the Internet of Things? WIRED explains.
Retrieved from https://www.wired.co.uk/article/internet-of-things-what-is-
explained-iot
Burgess, M. (2018, February 16). What is the Internet of Things? WIRED explains.
Retrieved from https://www.wired.co.uk/article/internet-of-things-what-is-
explained-iot
IT for Work: Technology's impact on individuals, organizations and society. (n.d.).
Retrieved from https://atos.net/en/blog/work-technologys-impact-individuals-
organizations-society
Adopt These 5 Non-Emergency Uses For Your Notification System. (2020, January 23).
Retrieved from https://www.alertmedia.com/blog/non-emergency-uses/
 44

Appendix A

Approval Sheet for Conducting an Interview

MEYCAUAYAN COLLEGE
HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
S.Y. 2019-2020 2nd SEMESTER

February, 2020

Mrs. Luzviminda P. Britanico, MAEd

Principal
THRU: NORMAN B. COMPAÑERO, LPT
Assistant Principal
Madame,

Good Day!

We, the Grade 12 students under STEM Strand, are presently conducting a study entitled
"A Proposed Model for Personal Alerting Device via Bluetooth Connection" as a
partial fulfillment of our requirements in our Research Capstone. For the said study be
successful, our group is kindly asking for your permission for us to perform an interview
outside the school premises.

We assure that all the information that we will gather will be used for research purposes
only. Thank you so much for your kind understanding. God Bless!

Respectfully yours,

Janrick Veloira
Group Leader

Noted by:

EDNA A. RICAFORT, Ph. D.

Research Adviser

NORMAN B. COMPAÑERO, LPT

Assistant Principal
 45

Appendix B

INTERVIEW QUESTIONS

1. How does the products design contribute to the final proposed model, in terms of

material used in, wiring, components, and in battery or input power?

2. How does the programming of the device contribute to the final proposed model in

terms of mother board, Bluetooth version, and programming language?

3. How can the product be further improved?

4. Do you agree that the convenience, useful, avert problems, portable, easy to use, and

easy installation are the advantages of the product? Or not?

5. Do you agree that the size of the battery, and the limited range of Bluetooth are the

disadvantages of the product? Or not?

 46

CURRICULUM VITAE

ANDREA IRIS P. CELON

Blk 1 Lot 8 phase 1 Meyland Homes Lawa, Meycauayan City Bulacan
andreaparinas@gmail.com
Mobile No.: +63 9662347143

PERSONAL INFORMATION:
Birthdate : May 2, 2000
Sex : Female
Height : 4’9
Weight : 81.4 lbs.
Civil status : Single
Religion : Born Again, Christian
Nationality : Filipino
Language Spoken : Filipino and English
Father : Ruther L. Adriano
Occupation : Machine Operator
Mother : Roselle P. Adriano
Occupation : Secretary

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND:

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Meycauayan College
Malhacan, Meycauayan City, Bulacan
(on going)

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Nazarenus College and Hospital Foundation Incorporated
Meycauayan Bulacan
March 2018

ELEMENTARY EDUCATION
Metamorphosis School
Bancal Meycauayan Bulacan
March 2013
 47

CURRICULUM VITAE

CONTACT INFORMATION
Name: Claurence Santos
Address: Ph5 Blk 522-A Lot 12 Heritage Homes
Loma De Gato Marilao Bulacan
Telephone: none
Cellphone: 09459912419
Email: claurencesantos@icloud.com
PERSONAL INFORMATION
Date of Birth: June 13, 2001
Place of Birth: Malolos Bulacan
Citizenship: Filipino
Gender: Male
Age: 18
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
School Graduated Year Graduated
Secondary Meycauayan College 2018-2020
(Senior High School)
Secondary Angelicum Academy of 2014-2018
(Junior High School) Heritage Marilao inc.
Primary Angelicum Academy of 2012-2014
Heritage Marilao inc. 2008-2012
Holy Family School of
Malolos
 48

CURRICULUM VITAE

SKARLON JAYDEN D. BALAGTAS

345 Zigzag Hills Malhacan Meycauayan City, Bulacan
krlbalagtas@gmail.com
Mobile No.: 09955245376

PERSONAL INFORMATION:
Birthdate : December 12, 2001
Sex : Male
Height : 5’7
Weight : 130lbs
Civil status : Single
Religion : Roman Catholic
Nationality : Filipino
Language Spoken : Filipino and English
Father : Damiano R. Balagtas Jr.
Occupation : None
Mother : Eden D. Balagtas
Occupation : None

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND:

SECONDARY EDUCATION
Senior High School
Meycauayan College
Calvario, Meycauayan City, Bulacan
June 2018- Present

Junior High School

San Isidro San Roque Academy
Malhacan, Meycauayan City, Bulacan
June 2014 – March 2016

Meycauayan College
Malhacan,Meycauayan City, Bulacan
June 2016 – March 2018

ELEMENTARY EDUCATION
Malhacan Elementary School
Malhacan, Meycauayan City, Bulacan
March 2014
 49

CURRICULUM VITAE

CONTACT INFORMATION
Name: Lou Justin C. Borromeo
Address: #09 Jacob St. Metrogate Complex, Pandayan,
Meycauayan, Bulacan
Telephone: none
Cellphone: 09164860233
Email: justinlou.borromeo@gmail.com
PERSONAL INFORMATION
Date of Birth: August 28, 2002
Place of Birth: Manila
Citizenship: Filipino
Gender: Male
Age: 17
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
School Graduated Year Graduated
Secondary Meycauayan College 2018-2020
(Senior High School)
Secondary Meycauayan College 2014-2018
(Junior High School)
Primary Faith of Mary Academy of 2008-2014
Meycauayan
 50

CURRICULUM VITAE

ROBIN VICTOR D. DIMASIN

435 San Diego St., Bancal, Meycauayan City, Bulacan
robindimasin@gmail.com

PERSONAL INFORMATION:

Birthdate : November 07, 2002

Sex : Male
Height : 5’9”
Weight : 112.2 lbs.
Civil status : Single
Religion : Roman Catholic
Nationality : Filipino
Language Spoken : Filipino and English
Father : Rodelio J. Dimasin
Occupation : Seaman
Mother : Victoria D. Dimasin
Occupation : Teacher

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND:

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Meycauayan College
Malhacan, Meycauayan City, Bulacan
(on going)

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Meycauayan College
Malhacan, Meycauayan City, Bulacan
June 2014 – March 2018

ELEMENTARY EDUCATION
Bancal Elementary School
Bancal, Meycauayan City, Bulacan
June 2008 – March 2014
 51

CURRICULUM VITAE

CONTACT INFORMATION

Name: Janrick F. Veloira

Address: B51 Main Road, Phase V

Bagbaguin Sto Nino Meycauayan City, Bulacan

Telephone: none

Cellphone: 0927-957-7693

Email: jveloira5244@gmail.com

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Date of Birth: April 12, 2002

Place of Birth: Meycauayan, Bulacan

Citizenship: Filipino

Gender: Male

Age: 17

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

School Graduated Year Graduated

Primary Auxillary Academy 2014
Secondary Meycauayan College 2014-2018
(Junior High School)
Secondary Meycauayan College 2018-present
(Senior High School)