Optimal-the best possible

Reluctant- not wanting to do something

Vigorous - forceful and energetic

To endorse - to support

Renal - relating to the kidneys

Erythropoiesis - formation of red blood cells

Hypoxia - diminished availability of oxygen to the body

The onset of cancer - algus, teke, beginning

To purify - puhastama

Existing disparities -erinevused

Substantial - märkimisväärne

Parendamine - enhancement

Seminal - containing important new ideas and having a great influence on later work

Prudent - careful, avoiding risks

Elucidation - clarification

Dismissed - consider unimportant

Prolonged - continuing for a long time

Utilized - used in an effective way

Beyond the scope - not out of the scope

Awareness of - not awarness to

Research studies - not researches

To degrade - lagundama

Cell(ular) lineage - rakuliin

Encode a protein - valki kodeerima

Inhibi - pärssima

Germline mutation - iduliini mutatsioon

Proteasome - a cellular protein complex consisting of proteolutic enzymes that degrade

endogenous proteins, specially those that are damaged ,pathogenic or no longer of use.

Ubiquitin - a small protein found in all eukaryotic cells that attaches to other proteins,
therebyregulating their activity or location by marking them for degradation.

First human genome project - main aim was to determine the sequence of bases that make up
human DNA. It also aimed at identifying and mapping all the genes of the human genome.

SNP (snip) - single nucleotide polymorphism. Genetic variation in a DNA sequence that occurs
when a single nucleotide in a genome is altered; SNPs are usually considered to be point
mutations that have been evolutionarily successful enough to recur in a significant proportion of
the population of species (substitution of a single nucleotide at a specific location in the genome)

To discard - to throw away

Pruent - careful, avoiding risks

To combat (disease) - to fight against

To avert - To avoid

Locus - kromosoomi piirkond, kus asub geen

Genetic enhancement - geneetiline parendamine (paremaks tegemamine)

Benign tumor - healoomuline kasvaja

In vitro fertilization - katseklaasiviljastus

Acronym - esitähtlühend (nt CRISPR)

Exposure - kokkupuude

Accounts for - moodustab

Uterus - emakas

Off-target -soovimatu mõjuga

cell(ular) lineage - rakuliini põlvnemine

Obstetrics - sünnitusabi

Gynecology- günekoloogia

Gene-altering techniques - geeni muutmine (muutmise) tehnikad

Implications - mõjud

Pre-implantation - implantatsiooni eelne ehk enne emrüo siirdamist emakasse

Generates - tekitab

Written assignments - kirjalikud tööd

Specialised - erialane

Alter- muutma

Monogenic - regulated by one gene or one pair of allelic genes

To implement - to start using a plan or system

Implication - the effect that an action or decision will have on something else in the future

Disparity - a difference between two or more things

Sickle cell anemina - sirprakuline aneemia

Predisposition - eelsoodumus

Genome sequencing - genoomi järjestamine

Cardiovascular disease - südameveresoonkonna haigus

Pharmacogenomics - the study of how genetic variations influence our response to medications

Hypercholesterolemia - an excess of cholesterole in the bloodstream

Inherited - received from a parent or ancestor by genetic transmission

To mediate - to regulate

Carotid body - a chemoreceptor which is sensitive to change in the oxygen content of blood.

Virtually - nearly, almost

Adjacent to - next to

Erythropoletin (epo) - important hormone produced by the kidneys, promotes the formation of red
blood cells by the bone marrow

Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) -protein complex that binds to the identified DNA segment in an
oxygen-dependent manner.

Degrade- to break down

DNA-binding proteins - DNAga seonduvad valgud

Bind to- seonduma

Accumulate- kuhjuma

Elucidate- give a clarifying explanation, make something clear, explain

Hydroxylation - chemical process that introduces a hydroxyl group into an organic compound

Conclusively - in a decisive way that has the effect of proving a case (lõplikult)

Fetal development- loote arent

Renal failure - neerupuudulikkus

Proliferation - rapid increase in the number of amount of something / rapid reproduction of a cell
or organism

Conversaion - process of changing (or causing something to change) from one form to another.

Response - answer, reaction

Adapt - adjust, modify, conform

Blood vessel formation - veresoonte moodustumine

Carotid artery - unearter

Abbrevation - short form of a name (example HIF)

Adaptive processes - processes that change something quickly to suit different conditions

Oxygen sensing - sensws Yfeels the level of oxygen