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Electric Current. Symbol I
Electric Current. Symbol I
Symbol I
Resistance (Ohms)
Energy VIt
Power VI (Watts )
time t
Examples.
1. Calculate the amount of energy supplied by a 5 kW
heater in a time of 15 minutes.
2. How long will it take a 2 kW kettle to boil 200 g of
water initially of 20o C.
OHM’S LAW.
A B
I R I
I1 I2
I3
V1 V2 V3
V1
V2
V3
The total p.d. here is the value of only one of them
VT = V1 = V2 = V3
Again true for both electric cells and also for potential
difference values across electrical components
POTENTIAL DIFFERENCES IN PARALLEL
ARE EQUAL
RESISTORS IN SERIES
3 Resistors in series across a voltage source VT
Note that since there is only one path for the
current to travel, the current through each of the
resistors is the same. I I I I 1 2 3
RESISTORS IN PARALLEL
Resistors can be connected such that they branch
out from a single point (known as a node), and
join up again somewhere else in the circuit. If we
label the point at the + side of the battery A and
the point at the – side of the battery B and
connect three resistors in parallel across the
battery the circuit is
A
B
Note that the node does not have to physically be
a single point; as long as the current has several
alternate paths to follow, then that part of the
circuit is considered to be parallel.
At A the potential must be the same for each
resistor. Similarly, at B the potential must also be
the same for each resistor. So, between points A
and B, the potential difference is the same.
That is, each of the three resistors in the parallel
circuit must have the same voltage.
V VT V1 V2 V3
1 R2 R1
Requivalent R1 R2
inverting gives
R .R
Requivalent 1 2
R1 R2
Therefore for TWO resistors in parallel
T
6. The total current flows through each resistor that
is in series with the battery using Ohm’s Law
V IR
Power VI
Problem Sheet Ohms Law
For each of the circuits shown below calculate
(i) total circuit current
(ii) current through each resistor
(iii) p.d. across each resistor.
Circuit 1.
V1
12V
R2
200ohm
R1
R4
100ohm
400ohm
R3
200ohm
R2
R1
R3
Circuit 3
20 V
20 ohms
S
30 ohms A 20 ohms
Question 3. Solve the following circuit i.e. find the
current through, the potential difference across and the
power of each of the components (resistors) in the
circuit.
VT
R2
R1 R4
R3
Given that VT = 15 V R1 = 400 R2 = 250
R3 = 500 ohms and R4 = 150
Question 4.
In an electric circuit two parallel combinations of
(a) a 400 resistor in parallel with a 600 resistor
and (b) Two 100 resistors in parallel are in series
with a 600 resistor across a 12 V supply.
Draw the circuit diagram and solve the circuit.
E I R r
E IR Ir
E V Ir
V E Ir
Question 3.
10 V 0.2
20
R1 R4
R3
R1 = 4 kR2 = 5 k
R3 = 5 k and R4 = 1 k