See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.

net/publication/342872226

Script Identification of Telugu, English and Hindi Document Image

Article · February 2014

CITATIONS READS

0 525

3 authors, including:

Gorre Srinivas Hari KUMAR Buddha

Vasavi College of Engineering Wellfare Institute of Science Technology & Management
33 PUBLICATIONS   218 CITATIONS    17 PUBLICATIONS   7 CITATIONS   

SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE

Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects:

Internet of Things View project

Parallel filter View project

All content following this page was uploaded by Hari KUMAR Buddha on 11 July 2020.

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.


International Journal of Advanced Engineering and Global Technology
Vol-2, Issue-2, February 2014
Script Identification of Telugu, English and Hindi Document Image
G.Srinivas Rao Mohammed Imanuddin
Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Aurora’s Scientific Technological
and Research Academy Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
Abstract
In a multilingual country like India, a document
may contain text words in more than one language.
For a multilingual environment, multilingual
Optical Character Recognition (OCR) system is
needed to read the multilingual documents. So, it is
identify different language. The objective f this
project is to propose visual clues based procedure
to identify Telugu, Hindi and English text portions
of the Indian multilingual document.
Language identification is an important topic in
pattern recognition and image processing based
automatic document analysis and recognition an
image processing based automatic document
analysis and recognition. The objective of language
identification is to translate human identifiable
documents to machine identifiable codes. The
world we live in, is getting increasingly
interconnected, electronic libraries have become
more pervasive and at the same time increasingly
automated including the task of presenting a text
any language as automatically translated text in
any other language. Identification of the language
in a document image is of primary importance for
selection of a specific OCR system processing multi
lingual documents.
1. Introduction
Language identification is an important
topic in pattern recognition and image processing
based automatic document analysis and
recognition. The objective of language
identification is to translate human identifiable
documents to machine identifiable codes. The
world we live in, is getting increasingly
interconnected, electronic libraries have become
more pervasive and at the same time increasingly
automated including the task of presenting a text in
any language as automatically translated text in any
other language. Identification of the language in a
document image is of primary importance for
selection of a specific OCR system processing
multi lingual documents.
Language identification may seem to be
an elementary and simple issue for humans in the
real world, but it is difficult for a machine,
primarily because different scripts (a script could
443
ISSN No: 2309-4893
B.Hari Kumar
be a common medium for different languages) are
made up of different shaped patterns to produce
different character sets. OCR is of special
significance for a multi-lingual country like India,
where the text portion of the document usually
contains information in more than one language. A
document containing text information in more than
one language is called a multilingual document. For
such type of multilingual documents, it is very
essential to identify the text language portion of the
document, before the analysis of the contents could
be made. Although a great number of OCR
techniques have been developed over years, almost
all existing works on OCR make an important
implicit assumption that the language of the
document to be processed is known beforehand.
Individual OCR tools have been developed to deal
best with only one specific language. In an
automated environment such document processing
systems relying on OCR would clearly need human
intervention to select the appropriate OCR package,
which is certainly inefficient, undesirable and im
practical. A pre-OCR language identification
system would enable the correct OCR system to be
selected in order to achieve the best character
interpretation of the document. This area has not
been very widely researched to date, despite its
growing importance to the document image
processing community and the progression towards
the “project less office”.
1.1 Motivation :
In this project an attempt has been made to
solve a more foundation problem of language
identification of a text from a multilingual
document, before its contents are automatically
read. Language identification is one of the vision
application problems. Generally human system
identifies the language in a document using some
visible characteristic features such as texture,
horizontal lines, vertical lines, which are visually
perceivable and appeal to visual sensation. This
human visual perception capability has been the
motivator for the development of the proposed
system. With this context, in this project, an
attempt has been made to simulate the human
visual system, to identify the type of the language
WWW.IJAEGT.COM

International Journal of Advanced Engineering and Global Technology
Vol-2, Issue-2, February 2014
based on visual clues, without reading the contents
of the document.
In a multi-lingual country like India (India
has 18 regional languages derived from 12 different
scripts; a script could be a common medium for
different languages), documents like bus
reservation forms, passport application forms,
examination question papers, bank-challanas,
language translation books and money-order forms
may contain text words in more than one language
forms. For such an environment, multi lingual OCR
system is needed to read the multilingual
documents. To make a multi-lingual OCR system
successful, it is necessary to separate portions of
different language regions of the document before
feeding to individual OCR systems. In this
direction, multi lingual document segmentation has
strong direct application potential, especially in a
multilingual country like India.
In the context of Indian languages, some
amount of research work has been reported. Further
there is a growing demand for automatically
processing the documents in every state in India
including Andhra Pradesh. Under the three
language formulae, adopted by most of the Indian
states, the document in a state may be printed in its
respective official regional language, the national
language Hindi and also in English. Accordingly, a
document produced in Andhra Pradesh, a state in
India, may be printed in its official regional
language Telugu, national language Hindi and also
in English.
1.2 Objective:
The objective of language identification is to
translate human identifiable documents to machine
identifiable codes. Multilingual OCR system is
needed to read the multilingual documents. To
make a multilingual-OCR system successful, it is
necessary to develop the multilingual- OCR system
that would work in two stages:
(i) Identification and separation of
different language portions of the
document and
(ii) Feeding of individual language
regions to appropriate OCR system.
In this project, we focus on the first stage of
the multilingual- OCR system and present
procedures for identification and separation of
telugu and English text portions of the multilingual
document produced at an Indian state. In the
present case, it could also be called as script or
language identification, since the two languages
Telugu and English belong to two different scripts.
444
ISSN No: 2309-4893
1.3 Scope:
In a multi-script multi-lingual country like
India (India has 18 regional languages derived from
12 different scripts), a document page like bus
reservation forms, question projects, language
translation books and money-order forms may
contain text lines in more than one script/language
forms. One script could be used to write more than
one languages. For example, languages such as
Hindi, Marathi, Rajastani, Sanskrit and Nepali are
written using the Devanagari script; Assamese and
Bangla languages are written using the Bangla
script. In order to reach a larger cross section of
people, it is necessary that a document should be
composed of text contents in different languages.
However, for a document having text information
in different languages, it is necessary to pre-
determine the language type of the document,
before employing a particular OCR on them. With
this context, in this project, the problem of
recognizing the language type of the text content is
addressed. However, it is perhaps impossible to
design a single recognizer, which can identify a
large number of scripts/languages. As a via media,
this project proposes to work on the prioritized
requirements of a particular region- Andhra
Pradesh, a state in India. According to the three-
language policy adopted by most of the Indian
states, the documents produced in any Indian state
are composed of text information in their regional
language, the National language - Hindi and the
general importance language - English.
Accordingly, the documents of Andhra Pradesh are
generally printed in Telugu, Hindi and English
languages. Consequently, majority of the
documents produced in many of the private and
Government sectors, railways, banks, post-offices
of Andhra Pradesh are of tri-lingual (a document
having text in three languages) type. So, when it
comes to automation, assuming that there are three
OCRs for Telugu, Hindi (Devanagari) and English
languages, a pre-processor is necessary by which
the language type of the different texts lines are
identified. In this project, a script identification
technique to identify the text lines of Telugu, Hindi
and English languages from a tri-lingual document
is presented.
2. LITERATURE SURVEY
The literature survey, it has been revealed
that some amount of work has been carried out in
language identification. Peake and Tan have
proposed a method for language identification
from document images using multiple channel
(Gab our) filters and gray level co-occurrence
matrices for seven languages: Chinese, English,
Greek, Korean, Malayalam, Persian and Russian.
WWW.IJAEGT.COM

International Journal of Advanced Engineering and Global Technology
Vol-2, Issue-2, February 2014
Tan has developed rotation invariant texture feature
extraction method for automatic script
identification for six languages: Chinese, Greek,
English, Russian, Persian and Malayalam. In the
context of Indian languages, some amount of
research work on language identification has been
reported. Pal and Choudhuri have proposed an
automatic technique of separating the text lines
from 12 Indian scripts (English, Devanagari,
Bangla, Gujarati, Kannada, Kashmiri, Malayalam,
Oriya, Punjabi, Tamil, Telugu and Urdu) using ten
triplets formed by grouping English and
Devanagari with any one of the other scripts.
Santanu Choudhuri, et al. have proposed a method
for identification of Indian languages by combining
Gab our filter based technique and direction
distance histogram classifier considering Hindi,
English, Malayalam, Bengali, Telugu and Urdu.
Basavaraj Patil and Subbareddy have developed a
character script class identification system for
machine printed bilingual documents in English
and Kannada scripts using probabilistic neural
network. Pal and Choudhuri have proposed an
automatic separation of Bangla, Devanagari and
Roman words in multilingual multiscript Indian
documents. Nagabhushan et.al. have proposed a
fuzzy statistical approach to Kannada vowel
recognition based on invariant moments. Pal et. al.
have suggested a word-wise script identification
model from a document containing English,
Devanagari and Telugu text. Chanda and Pal have
proposed an automatic technique for word-wise
identification of Devanagari, English and Urdu
scripts from a single document. Spitz has proposed
a technique for distinguishing Han and Latin based
scripts on the basis of spatial relationships of
features related to the character structures. Pal et al.
have developed a script identification technique for
Indian languages by employing new features based
on water reservoir principle, contour tracing, jump
discontinuity, left and right profile. Ramachandra et
al. have proposed a method based on rotation-
invariant texture features using multichannel Gabor
filter for identifying six (Bengali, Kannada,
Malayalam, Oriya, Telugu and Marathi) Indian
languages. Hochberg et al. have presented a system
that automatically identifies the script form using
cluster-based templates. Gopal et al. have presented
a scheme to identify different Indian scripts
through hierarchical classification which uses
features extracted from the responses of a
multichannel log-Gabor filter. Our survey for
previous research work in the area of document
language identification shows that much of them
rely on languages followed by other countries and
few from our country, but hardly few attempts
focus on these three languages Telugu, Hindi and
English.
445
ISSN No: 2309-4893
In one of my earlier works, it is assumed
that a given document should contain the text lines
in one of the three languages telugu, Hindi and
English. In one of my previous researches, the
results of detailed investigations were presented
related to the study of the applicability of
horizontal and vertical projections and
segmentation methods to identify the language of a
document considering specifically the three
languages telugu, Hindi and English. It is
reasonably natural that the documents produced at
the border regions of Karnataka may also be
printed in the regional languages of the neigh
boring states like Tamil, Malayalam and Urdu. The
system was unable to identify the text words for
such documents having text words in Tamil,
Malayalam, Urdu languages and hence these text
words were misclassified into any one among the
three languages, whichever is nearer and similar in
its visual appearance. Keeping the drawback of the
previous method in mind, we have proposed a
system that would more accurately identify and
separate different language portions of telugu,
Hindi and English documents. As our intension is
to identify only telugu, Hindi and English. The
system identifies the three languages, in the first
stage Hindi is identified, in the second stage telugu
is identified and in the third stage English is
identified.
2.1 Data collection:
Standard database of documents of Indian
languages is currently not available. Data base
construction with respect to the language
identification problem seems to be complex since
the factors like the font type and font size of each
language needs to be considered. In this research, it
is assumed that the input data set contains
documents having the text lines of Telugu,
Devanagri and English scripts. Also, it is assumed
that the language type, font and size of the text
words within a text line are same. For the
experimentation of the proposed model, three sets
of database are constructed, out of which one
database was used to train the proposed system and
the other two databases were constructed to test the
system.
The size of the document images
considered were 600x600 pixels having about six
to ten text lines depending upon the font size of the
text. The document of English language was
created using the Microsoft word software and
these text lines were imported to the Micro Soft
Paint program. In the Micro Soft Paint, a portion of
the text lines was saved as black and white BitMaP
(BMP) image having 600X600 pixels. The font
type of Times New Roman, Arial, Bookman Old
WWW.IJAEGT.COM

International Journal of Advanced Engineering and Global Technology
Vol-2, Issue-2, February 2014
Style and Tahoma were used for English language.
The font sizes of 12 to 26 were used for English
text lines. The input images of Telugu and Hindi
language were constructed by clipping only text
portion of the document downloaded from the
Internet. The training database is constructed such
that 500 text lines were considered from each of the
three languages.
To test the proposed model, two different
data sets were constructed out of which one dataset
was constructed manually similar to the dataset
constructed for training and the other data set was
constructed from the scanned document images.
The printed documents like textbooks and
magazines were scanned through an optical scanner
to obtain the document image. The HP Scan Jet
5200c series scanner was used to obtain the
digitized images. The scanning was performed in
normal 100% view size at 300 dpi resolution.
Manually constructed dataset is considered as good
quality dataset and the data set constructed from the
scanned document images are considered as poor
quality data set. The test datasets were constructed
such that 300 text lines from each of the three
languages - Telugu, Hindi and English, were
present from each of the good quality and poor
quality datasets.
2.2 Pre-processing:
Any language identification method
requires conditioned image input of the document,
which implies that the document should be noise
free and skew free. Apart from these, some
recognition techniques require that the document
image should be segmented, threshold and thinned.
All these methods, help in obtaining appropriate
features for text language identification processes.
In this research, the pre-processing techniques such
as noise removal and skew correction are not
necessary for the datasets that are manually
constructed by downloading the documents from
the Internet. However, for the datasets that is
constructed from the scanned document images,
pre-processing steps such as removal of non-text
regions, skew-correction, noise removal and
binarization is necessary. In this research, text
portion of the document image was separated from
the non-text region manually, though page
segmentation algorithm such as could be readily be
employed to perform this automatically. Skew
detection and correction was achieved using the
technique proposed by Shivakumar. A global
thresholding approach was used to binarize the
scanned gray scale images where black pixels
having the value 0’s correspond to object and white
pixels having value 1’s correspond to background.
The text area is segmented from the document
446
ISSN No: 2309-4893
image by removing the upper, lower, left and right
blank regions. It should be noted that the text block
might contain lines with different font sizes and
variable spaces between lines. It is not necessary to
homogenize these parameters, as the input to the
proposed model is the individual text lines. The
document image is segmented into several text
lines using the valleys of the horizontal projection
profiles computed by a row-wise sum of black
pixels. The position between two consecutive
horizontal projections where the histogram height
is least denotes the boundary of a text line. Using
these boundary lines, document image is
segmented into several text lines. The segmented
text lines might have varying inter-word spacing.
So, it is necessary to normalize the inter-word
spacing to a maximum of 5 pixels. Normalization
of the inter-word spacing is achieved by projecting
the pixels of each text line vertically; counting the
number of white pixels from left to right and
reducing the number of white pixels greater than 5
pixels to 5. Due to varying size of fonts, it is
necessary to normalize the input text lines to fixed
size. Through experimental observation, it was
determined to fix the height of the text line as 40
rows that facilitate to extract the features
efficiently. So, the input text line of size m rows
and n columns resized to fixed size of 40 rows and
(40 x n/m) columns keeping the aspect ratio. Then,
a bounding box is fixed for the segmented and
resized text line by finding the leftmost, rightmost,
topmost and bottommost black pixel of each text
line
2.3Text line structure:
A text line can be considered as being
composed of three zones: the upper zone, the
middle zone and the lower zone. These zones are
delimited by four virtual lines: the top-line, the
upper-line, the base-line and the bottom-line. Each
text line has at least a middle zone; the upper zone
depends on capital letters and letters with
ascenders, like h and k; the lower zone depends on
letters with descenders, like g, p and y. This
structure allows the definition of four kinds of text
line:
1. Full line, with character parts present in all three
zones;
2. Ascender line, with character parts present in
the upper and middle zones;
3. Descender line, with character parts present in
the lower and middle zones;
4. Short line, with character parts present in the
middle zone.
WWW.IJAEGT.COM

International Journal of Advanced Engineering and Global Technology
Vol-2, Issue-2, February 2014
3. Evaluation of Telugu, Hindi and English
discriminating features
Every script defines a finite set of text
patterns called alphabets. Alphabets of one script
are grouped together giving meaningful text
information in the form of a word, a text line or a
paragraph. Thus, when the alphabets of the same
script are combined together to yield meaningful
text information, the text portion of the individual
script exhibits a distinct visual appearance. The
distinct visual appearance of every script is due to
the presence of the segments like – horizontal lines,
vertical lines, upward curves, downward curves,
descendants and so on. The presence of such
segments in a particular script is used as visual
clues for a human to identify the type of even the
unfamiliar script. It was motivated to adopt the idea
of human visual perception capability into the
proposed model to use the distinct features
exhibited by each script. So, the target of this
project is to identify the script type of the texts
without reading the contents of the document.
By thoroughly observing the structural
outline of the characters of the three scripts -
Telugu, Devanagari and English, it is observed that
the distinct features are present at some specific
portion of the characters. So, in this project, the
discriminating features are extracted from the top-
profile and the bottom-profile of each text line. The
top-profile (bottom-profile) of a text line represents
a set of black pixels obtained by scanning each
column of the text line from top (bottom) until it
reaches a first black pixel. Thus, a component of
width N gets N such pixels. The row at which the
first black pixel lies in the top-profile (bottom-
profile) is called top-line (bottom-line). The row
number having the maximum number of black
pixels (black pixels having the value 0’s
correspond to object and white pixels having value
1’s correspond to background) in the top-profile
(bottom-profile) is called the attribute top-max-row
(bottom max- row).
3.1 Properties of Telugu Language:
Telugu is the official language of one of
the South Indian state - Andhra Pradesh. Telugu
script is derived from Telugu script itself. It can be
seen that, most of the Telugu characters have tick
shaped structures at the top portion of their
characters. Also, it could be observed that majority
of Telugu characters have upward curves present at
their bottom portion. These distinct properties of
Telugu characters are helpful in separating them
from Hindi and English languages.
447
ISSN No: 2309-4893
3.2 Properties of Devanagari (Hindi)
Language:
It could be noted that many characters of
Devanagari script have a horizontal line at the
upper part called headline which is named as
sirorekha in Devanagari. It could be seen that,
when two or more basic or compound characters
are combined to form a word, the character
headline segments mostly join one another and
generates one long headline for each text word.
These long horizontal lines are present at the top
portion of the characters and they are used as
supporting features in identifying Devanagari
script. Another strong feature that could be noticed
in a Devanagari text line is that most of the pixels
of the headline happen to be the pixels of bottom
profile (bottom profile is defined in the later
section). This results in both top and bottom
profiles of a Hindi text line to lie at the top portion
of the characters. However this distinct feature is
absent in both Telugu and English text lines where
the density top and bottom profiles occur at
different positions. Using these features Hindi text
line could be strongly separated from Telugu and
English languages.
3.3 Properties of English Language:
It is observed that the pixel distribution in
most of the English characters is found to be
symmetric and regular. This uniform distribution of
the pixels of English characters results in the
density of the top profile to be almost same as the
density of the bottom profile. However, such
uniformity found in pixel distribution of the top and
bottom profiles of an English text line is not found
in the other two anticipated languages Telugu and
Hindi. Thus, this characteristic attribute is used as a
supporting feature to separate an English text line.
Thus, the distinct characteristic structures of each
language are used as supporting visual features in
the proposed model.
3.4 Feature Extraction
The distinct features used in the proposed
model are extracted as explained below:
3.4.1 Feature 1: Bottom-max-row-no:
The feature bottom-max-row-no
represents the row number of the bottom-profile at
which the maximum number of black pixels lies
(black pixels having the value 0’s correspond to
object and white pixels having value 1’s
correspond to background).
WWW.IJAEGT.COM

International Journal of Advanced Engineering and Global Technology
Vol-2, Issue-2, February 2014
3.4.2 Feature 2: Top-horizontal line:
(i) Obtain the top-max-row from the top-
profile.
(ii) Find the components whose number
of black pixels is greater than
threshold1 (threshold1 = half of the
height of the bounding box) and store
the number of such components in the
attribute horizontal-lines.
(iii) Compute the feature top-horizontal-line
using the equation (1) below: Top-
horizontal-line = (hlines * 100) / tc (1)
where hlines represent number of horizontal
lines and tc represents total number of
components of the top-max-row.
3.4.3 Feature 3: Tick-component:
The observation of the characters of
Telugu script motivated to use the tick shaped
components as a feature. A component is said to
have the shape of the ticklike structure if the pixel
values of the components are in the sequence (i, j),
(i+1, j+1), (i+2, j+2), … , (i+m1, j+n1), (i+m1-1,
j+n1+1), (i+m1-2, j+n1+2), (i+m1-3, j+n1+3), ... ,
(i+m1-m2, j+n1+n2), where m2=i+m1 and n2>n1.
The shape of the tick-like structure is shown in
Figure 2. The component having the shape of the
tick-like structure (_) is named as the feature
‘tickcomponent’. Such tick-components extracted
from the top portion of Telugu script are shown in
Figure 3.
Fig 3.1: A tick shaped component.
3.4.4 Feature 4: Bottom-component:
If more than 50% of the connected
component is present below the attribute bottom-
max-row, then that connected component is
considered as the descendent. The presence of
descendants or vathaksharas found at the bottom
portion of the Telugu script could be used as a
feature called bottom-component. The feature
named ‘bottomcomponent’ is extracted from the
bottom-portion of the input text line. Bottom-
portion is computed as Bottom-portion= f(x,y)
where x=bottom-max-row to m and y=1to n ;
448
ISSN No: 2309-4893
where f(x,y) represent the image of the input text
line.
Through experimentation, it is estimated
that the number of pixels of a descendant is greater
than 8 pixels and hence the threshold value for a
connected component is fixed as 8 pixels. Any
connected component whose number of pixels is
greater than 8 pixels is considered as the feature
bottom-component. Such bottom-components
extracted from Telugu script are shown in Figure 2.
3.4.5 Feature 5: Top-pipe-size:
The attribute top-pipe (bottom-pipe) is
obtained by deleting the connected components
whose number of pixels is less than threshold2. The
value of threshold2 is computed through
experimentation and it is fixed to 10 pixels. The
number of rows comprising the top-pipe is used as
the feature top-pipe-size.
3.4.6 Feature 6: Bottom-pipe-size:
The feature bottom-pipe-size is computed
as that of top-pipesize.
3.4.7 Feature 7: Top-pipe-density:
The feature top-pipe-density is computed
using the equation (2). top-pipe-
density=(nbp*100)/(m*n) (2) where nbp
correspond to number of black pixels present in the
top-pipe and (m,n) is the size of the image - top-
pipe.
3.4.8 Feature 8: Bottom-pipe-density:
The feature bottom-pipe-density is
computed as that of toppipe density.
Fig 3.2: Sample output image of telugu text
line.
WWW.IJAEGT.COM

International Journal of Advanced Engineering and Global Technology
Vol-2, Issue-2, February 2014
Fig 3.3: Sample output image of English text
line.
3.5. Feature Selection
Feature selection is a process of
minimizing the number of features and maximizing
the discriminating property of the feature set.
Feature selection is a process that aims to identify
an optimal subset of relevant features from a large
number of features collected in the data set, such
that the overall accuracy of classification is
increased.
3.6 The Learning Algorithm
Using the optimal features of each script,
the proposed model is learnt with a training data set
of 500 text lines from each of the three scripts -
Telugu, Devanagari and English. Learning
algorithm used in the proposed model is given
below.
Algorithm Learning ()
Input: Pre-processed text lines of Telugu,
Devanagari and English scripts
Output: Range of feature values.
1. Do for i = 1 to 3 script types
2. { Do for k = 1 to 500 text lines of i th script
3. { Obtain top profile and bottom profile.
4. Compute the values of the optimal features of the
i th script. }
5. Find minimum, maximum and mean of the
optimal features for n text lines
and store them in a knowledge base. }
449
ISSN No: 2309-4893
3.7 Line-wise Identification Model
Step-1: Pre-processing
The input document is pre-processed i.e.,
noise removed, smoothing done, skew
compensated and binarized.
Step-2: Line segmentation:
To segment the document image into
several text lines, we use the valleys of the
horizontal projection computed by a row-wise sum
of black pixels. The position between two
consecutive horizontal projections where the
histogram height is least denotes one boundary line.
Using these boundary lines, document image is
segmented into several text lines.
Step-3: Zonalization:
Each text line is partitioned into three
zones - upper zone, middle zone and lower zone.
Step-4: Block segmentation:
From the zonalized text line, upper line
and lower line is used as two boundary lines for
every text line. Then every text line is scanned
vertically from its upper line to reach its lower line
without touching any black pixels to get a boundary
line. Such characters enclosed within each
boundary lines lead to a stream of blocks.
Step-5: Feature extraction:
Feature (i): Horizontal line detection: From the
input image, the horizontal lines are obtained and
the percentage of the presence of these horizontal
lines for each text line is computed.
Feature (ii): Vertical line detection: From the input
image, the vertical lines are obtained and the
percentage of the presence of these vertical lines
for each text line is computed.
Feature (iii): Variable Sized blocks: The size of the
blocks of each text line is calculated by taking the
ratio of width to height of each block. Then the
percentage of equal and unequal sized blocks of
each text line is calculated.
Feature (iv): Blocks with more than one
component: The percentage of the number of
components present in each block of every text line
is computed.
Step-6: Decision making:
WWW.IJAEGT.COM

International Journal of Advanced Engineering and Global Technology
Vol-2, Issue-2, February 2014
(i) Condition-1: If 90% of the horizontal
lines on the mean line is greater than
two
times the X-height of the
corresponding text line; if there are
80% of vertical lines in the middle
zone and also if 70% of the blocks
have width greater than two times the
X-height, then such portion of the
document is recognized as Hindi
language.
(ii) Condition-2: If 65% of the horizontal
lines on the mean line is greater than
half of the X-height of the
corresponding text line and if there
are 40% of unequal sized blocks in a
text line, then such portion of the
document is recognized as telugu
language.
(iii) Condition-3: If there are 80% of
vertical lines in the middle zone
greater than half of the text line height
and if 80% of the blocks are equal in
size, then such portion of the
document is recognized as English
language.
3.8 Word-level identification model
Stage 1: Pre-processing:
The input document is pre-processed i.e.,
noise removed, smoothing done, skew
compensated and binarized.
Stage 2: Line segmentation:
To segment the document image into
several text lines, we use the valleys of the
horizontal projection computed by a row-wise sum
of black pixels. The position between two
consecutive horizontal projections where the
histogram height is least denotes one boundary line.
Using these boundary lines, document image is
segmented into several text lines.
Stage 3: Word segmentation:
Every text line is segmented into words by
finding the valleys of the vertical projection . If the
width of the valley is greater than the threshold
value (Threshold value = two times the inter
character gap), then a vertical line is drawn at the
middle of the columns with zero values (Inter word
gap). Using these vertical lines, words within a text
line are segmented.
Stage 4: Word Partitioning:
450
ISSN No: 2309-4893
Each text word is partitioned into three
zones - upper zone, middle zone and lower zone as
explained in Section 2 to get upper line and lower
line as two boundary lines for every text word.
Stage 5: Block segmentation:
From the partitioned text word, upper and
lower lines are used as two boundary lines for
every text word. Then, every text word is scanned
vertically from upper line to lower line without
touching any black pixels to get a stream of blocks.
Thus a block is defined as a rectangular section of
the text words that has one or more characters with
more than one component.
Stage 6: Block size evaluation:
The size of each block of every text word
is calculated by taking the ratio of width to height
of each text word. Then the percentage of equal and
unequal sized blocks of each text word is
calculated.
Stage 7: Blocks having more than one component:
The number of components (a connected
component is one in which the pixels are
aggregated by an 8-connected points analysis)
present within each block is calculated using 8-
neighbour connectivity. Then the percentage of the
occurrence of blocks having more than one
component is calculated.
Stage 8: Feature Extraction:
For each text word, the four features (i)
Horizontal lines, (ii) Vertical lines, (iii) Variable
Sized blocks and (iv) Blocks with more than one
component are obtained.
Stage 9: Decision making:
Level-1:
If the length of the horizontal line on the
mean line is greater than two times the X-height of
the corresponding text word, if there are vertical
lines in the middle zone, if the block has width
greater than two times the X-height and also if the
word/block contains only one component, then that
text word is identified as a text word in Hindi
language.
Level-2:
If the length of the horizontal line on the
mean line is equal to the x-height of the
corresponding text word; if there are 70% of
unequal sized blocks in the output image and also if
WWW.IJAEGT.COM
 ISSN No: 2309-4893
International Journal of Advanced Engineering and Global Technology
Vol-2, Issue-2, February 2014

30% of the blocks contain more than one

E li h
component, then that text word is recognized as a
text word in Telugu language.

Level-3:

If there are vertical lines in the middle

zone greater than half of the text word height; if a
text word contains 70% equal blocks in size and
also if a text word contains 90% of the blocks
having only one component, then that text word is
identified as a text word in English language.

4. Results

l
Input Image (Telugu with English):

CleanImage():
Input Image (Telugu with Hindi) :

Output Images:

451 WWW.IJAEGT.COM
 ISSN No: 2309-4893
International Journal of Advanced Engineering and Global Technology
Vol-2, Issue-2, February 2014

5. Conclusion & Future Enhancement
In this project, a method to identify and
separate text lines of Telugu, Hindi and English
scripts from a trilingual document is presented. The
approach is based on the analysis of the top and
bottom profiles of individual text lines and hence
does not require any character or word
segmentation. A document may contain text words
of different languages within a text line. The
proposed method is bound to fail on such
documents. This is a limitation. One possible
solution is to identify the script type at word level
by segmenting the text line into words. Our future
work is to consider identification of the script type
at word level. Further this project extends to
identify combination of different Fonts with
different Font sizes and for identification of hand
written documents also. The experimental results
show that the two methods are effective and good
enough to identify and separate the three language
portions of the document, which further helps to
feed individual language regions to specific OCR
system. Our future work is to develop a system that
can identify other Indian languages.
6 References
[1]. Identification Of Telugu, Devanagari And English
Scripts Using Discriminating Features M C Padma1
And P A Vijaya2, International Journal Of Computer
Science & Information Technology (Ijcsit), Vol 1, No 2,
November 2009
[6]. Gopal Datt Joshi, Saurabh Garg, Jayanthi
Sivaswamy, “Script Identification from Indian
Documents”, DAS 2006, LNCS 3872, 255-267, 2006.
International Journal of Computational Intelligence
Systems, Vol.1, No. 2 (May, 2008), 116–126 Published
by Atlantis Press 126.
[7]. G.S. Peake, T.N.Tan, “Script and Language
Identification from Document Images”, Proc. Eighth
British Mach. Vision Conference., 2, 230-233, (1997).
Authors Profile
B.Harikumar completed his B.Tech in Electronics
and Communications Engineering from Kamareddy
Engineering College in 2011. Presently he is
pursuing his M.Tech in Electronics and
Communications Engineering in Aurora's Scientific
Tech & Research Academy, Hyderabad. His area
of interests is Image Processing, Optical Character
Recognition.
G.Srinivas Rao Associate prof (ECE) Aurora's
Scientific Tech & Research Academy Exp 9 years
Teaching, M.Tech (DEC) JNTU Ananthapur.
Mohammed Imanuddin Associate prof (ECE)
Aurora's Scientific Tech & Research Academy Exp
9 years Teaching, M.Tech (DEC) JNTU
Ananthapur . His area of interests is Image
Processing

[2]. U.Pal, B.B.Choudhuri, : Script Line Separation

Table Mean values of each feature used by
From Indian Multi-Script Documents, 5th Int. the KNN based method
Conference On Document Analysis And Recognition(Ieee
Comput. Soc. Press), 406-409, (1999).

[3]. Ramachandra Manthalkar and P.K. Biswas, “An

Automatic Script Identification Scheme for Indian
Languages”, NCC, 2002.

[4]. S.Basvaraj Patil, N.V.Subba Reddy, “Character

script class identification system using probabilistic
neural network for multi-script multi lingual document
processing”, Proc. National Conference on Document
Analysis and Recognition, Mandya, Karnataka, 1-8,
(2001).

[5]. P.Nagabhushan, “Identification and separation of

text words of Kannada, Hindi and English languages
through discriminating features”, Proc. 2nd National
Conference Document Analysis and Recognition,
Mandya, Karnataka, 252-260, (2003).

452 WWW.IJAEGT.COM

View publication stats