1. Amarathon runner covers the distance of 42 km ina time of hours and 20 minutes. 4) State, in words, the formola you should use to calculate average speed of the runner. [1] b) Use your formula to calculate the average speed of the runner, () inkm/h, and (i) in ms. Bl )_ The graph below shows how the runners speed changed during the race Fa 4 ic > Timethours Describe the way the runner is running during the period from () AtoB i) BtoCand Gi) CoD. 3) 4) Explain how you would use the graph to caleulate the distance the runner ran in the period AB. State the additional information you would need. 2 4). Velocity is avector quantity: speed isa scalar quantity. Explain the difference between a vector and a scalar quantity BI b) Give one eample of: {) ascalar quantity, and (i) a vector quantity. pl 1) A student calculates the acceleration of a car and finds that itis 8 m/s. Explain what this means. Bl The diagram below shows a tightrope walker standing on a tightrope. 4) Label the forces that are ating on the tightrope walker with thee clearly labelled arrows. [5] 1b) The tightrope walker is stationary. Explain what ths tls you about the forces acting 6 the tightrope walker. a Section A: Forces and Motion )_ Why is itimpossible forthe tightrope to be perfectly horizontal when the tightrope walker isstanding on it as shown in the diagram? [2] Sharlini measures the length of alight spring and records ths length I, She then adds increasing amounts of known mass onto the spring and ‘measures the new length of the pring for each value ofthe load. Her results are shown in the table below. Naturalength [32m Lond ing Length of spring in cm, 100 “a 200 sa 300 59 460 6s 500 2 o 79 700 87 Shalini wants to plot a graph to show that the spring obeys Hooke’ Lav. 4) Explain how she should use her resus ‘to do this. ‘fl 1) Plota suitable graph to presether resus] €) Do her resus show that the spring obeys Hooke’ Law? 8) d) At the end of her experiment, Sharlini notices tha the spring now has a natural length of 34 cm. Comment on this ea ‘toy carroll down a gently sloping ramp. It has a tape attached to it which it pls through aticker- timer as it rolls down the slope. The ticker timers designed to make a mark on the tape every tenth (of a second. A length of the tape is shown below. recuon ape Nave! "Sen 4) What s the average speed of the car? 2 'b) Describe the motion of the ca nmstyle Qui ‘The slope of the ramp is changed twice and ‘wo further lengths of tape are obtained. a pe ees) oh ral on = Pie ea of ral €) (What does tape B reveal about the motion of the car? (li) What has been done to the ramp to cause the change in the motion of the car? [3] 4) (V) What does tape C reveal about the ‘motion of the car? (ii) What has been done tothe ramp to cause the change in the motion ofthe car? [3] In one further experiment measurements made from the tape show that the car, which has a mass of 1200 g, is accelerating at 45 cm/s* @) Calculate the resultant force on the car, showing your working. 8) 6 This question is about a car driver making an ‘emergency stop. Look atthe speed-time graphs shown below. 7 Speed Tos meh Graph A shows the speed-time graph for an alert ckver driving atthe legal speed limit, and braking without skidding, in good conditions (Graph Ais Superimposed onthe other 3 graphs in green for comparson) 4) This raph andthe other that follow, can be divided into two sections. tate what these two sections are and identify them on 29h D the graph A. 4 ) Suggest why it takes longer to stop in the ‘other three cases, (6 6). Graphs 8, Cand D reveal tha: it will take longer for the car to come torest and it will have travelled further while coing so. Explain how you could work out the total stopping. distance if scales were marked on both axes of eraph 8. 13) ‘A Satutn V rocket (the type used during the ‘manned missions to the Moon) had a mass of 3 milion kilograms. The initial thrust provided by the rocket motor was 34.000 000N. 4) Calculate the acceleration of the rocket on take off ) The velocity needed to break free from the pull of the Earths gravity s 11.2 km/s assuming the acceleration you have just calculated remained constant, how long ‘would it have taken forthe racket to reach this ‘escape’ velocity? BI ©). Give one reason why the acceleration of the rocket did not remain constant i} B) ‘The graph below shows the velocty-time graph fora free fall parachutist. Describe and explain the features ofthe graph. In your explanation you should consider the forces trat act on the parachutist Note that there are 3 distinct phases to the ‘motion, indicated by the times t,t, andt, [9] Tine 4) Write a word definition of momentum. [1] ») Whats meant by the law of conservation of momentum? 6). Asupermarket trolley of mas: 20 kg traveling at5m/scoldes wth some sationay trolleys that have been stacked together. The moving toll joins up with the others and the group moves at 125 mvsafter the colision. Assuming that the trolleys are identical and we can ignore extemal forces ike ficion, how many trolleys were there in the stationary stack before the collision? i BIfollowing types of collision: elastic, inelastic, partially elastic. ro] ) Give an example of () an inelastic collision, and (ll) partally elastic collision, BI 111 The diagrams below show a collision between two balls on a smooth surface. (Smooth means that friction between the balls and the surface can be ignored) red ball Uso uso ) Before cosion 8) during colision We Ye er colton 4) Newton stated thee laws about the way bodies react to foes 1: Objects keep moving ina straight line or remain at rest uness acted on by a resultant force. 2: The rate of change of momentum ofa body is proportional tothe force that acts oni. 3: For every action there isan equal and opposite reaction. (0) Explain in which diagram or diagrams law 3 applies. (3) Explain in which ciagram or diagrams law applies i) Use lw 2 to write equations for change in momentum ofeach ball sa resuit of the colision, Wihat relationship s there between the change in momentum ofeach ball? a 1) The balls have the same mass andthe velocity of the red all after the colison Vs the same as the velocity ofthe blueball before the colison, Uy (0) wihatis the velocity ofthe blue ball after the collision, V,? Explain your answer. {i the colision inelastic, partially elastic Cr elastic? Explain your answer. roy 12 Explain, in terms of momentum change, how each of these safety features can help to reduce the risk Of injures in a car crash + Seat belt + Airbag + Crumple zone 7) B “ 15 AMEE 10 a) Explain the difference between the This question is about Newtons 1" Law of Motion, In each ofthe following situations state whether the object is subject to a resultant force and, fits, state what is responsible for the resultant force. 4a) A communications satelite in orbit around the Earth, ) A trampolinist at () the bottom of a bounce, and (il) the top of his bounce. ©) Acartraveling ata steady speed along a straight motorway. iG} A ballistic balance is used to measure the speed of a bullet. The set-up for this apparatus is shown below. ‘An air rifle fires a pellet of mass m grams, horizontally with velocity w v/s into a block of absorbant material of mass M kg, This mass is freely suspended. Momentum is conserved during the colsion and the block with the embedded pellet moves off horizontally with a horizontal velocity of v m/s immediately after the collision ‘The block swings through an are and comes to rest for an instant at a height of lr metres above its original position, 4) You have a balance which can weigh masses up to 1 kgto an accuracy of 1 g The pellet has a ‘massless than 1 g. Explain how you would measure the mass ofa pellet accurately. [2] ') What type of collision takes place when the pellet is fired into the block? nm €)_ If no energy is lst in the impact how can the velocity v, be calculated from the ‘measurement made on the blocks movement ater the impact? 8 4) Given you have calculated a value for v, and that you have measured m and M, expain with the aid ofa formula how you would calculate the velocity, u, ofthe pele. 8) @) The assumption that all the energy of the pelle is transferred to the block is not strictiy accurate, Explain why and state whether the value calculated for u will be too high or too low asa result. a Two ice skaters, Jane and Chris, stand facing one another, Jane has a mass of 50 kg and Chris has a ‘mass of 75 kg. Jane pushes Chris with a horizontal force of 10 N for a time of 05s.AMEE MAS 4) Describe what you would expect to see happen a) Mark an X on the diagram where you tolane and Cheater ths has happened? 3] would expect the centre of gravy ofthe b) Explain, with reference to Newton's Laws, plank to be. ol vy what you would see happening occurs. [3] _b) The brick plas provide upward forces F1 16 a) Explain, with the aid of clea labeled soar oy hee, ate ta ete» Sean epee elete ton the bench, ane (i). child whe weighs momen a eorces 4) 200 Nis sitting in the middle of the bench 1) The force ona concrete blocks upwards ponte “ as shown, What can you say about the fe ae feeucbbeent orteuetne ) Des how theo forces F and 2, ee s vill change f the child moves frm poston lage Cro postion Band then to postion A. (5) ¢) Calculate the size of the upward force (the TOAD en eects ceca inthe 19 Identfy the folowing objects found inthe diagram. An effort force of 30 N is applied universe from their descriptions: acting vertically downwards on the crowbar @) Goes round the Sun with a very elongated as shown, B) (eccentric) orbit and has a distinctive tail. 1) One oF more ofthese may orbit planet, bead ©) This consists ofthe Sun and the planets. ote 4) The Miky Way san example of one ofthese; billions of them make up the universe e) These provide huge amounts of energy burning nuclear fcel in fusion reactions. i) =f 20 Copy and complete ths sentence: Bem Objects with. exert a. force 17 a) Double decker buses are subjected t9 topple on eachother rsh force tai Keeps the panes text 1286 how fr they they can tit before in orbit around the Sun. Thi sizeof this force they fall over They ate tested inthe worst depends onthe ‘of each object and porsble condo for tabity with aullosd the they are apart. This force gets Of passengers dummies ofthe same mass) wihe between the to onthe upper deck and wth no patenges objets m cpa poor dec Ho does O29 21 The Moon travels around the Earth ina nery Meroe Te hee ay “eula orbit of average clameter 385000km once ‘every 27.4 days. Calcuiate the orbital speed of the 8) You are designing the base fra large sun Moon nes using the formula giver atthe font ‘umbrella to be used to provide shade for people sitting around a hotel swimming pool. Explain how you would make it stable enough ‘not to topple over on a windy day. BI 18 A wooden bench consists ofa plank which ‘weighs 80 N resting on two brick pillars The bench is 2.5 m long and the pillars which ‘support it are 05 m from each end, as shown. t + t Fl of the exam booklet. ro) 22 A.communications satelite mantains its position above the equator by orbiting the Earth atthe same rate that Earth rotates. Ths is called a geostationary orbit. To do this the otbital speed of the satellite ‘must be 3.1 kmy/s. The Earth has a radius of 6400 km. Use this information to calculate: .@) The radius of the crbit of the geostationary. ‘communications satelite. 'b) How high the satelite is above the surface ‘of the Earth, i