International Journal of Education & Management © 2017 Indian Association of Health, Research and Welfare

Studies, 2017, 7(4), 493-497 ISSN-p-2231-5632-e-2321-3671

http://www.iahrw.com/index.php/home/journal_detail/21#list UGC Journal No 47250, NAAS Rating 4.79

A study of job constraints for female employees

in banking sector of Ludhiana city
Sheena Arora and Sukhmani
School of Business Studies, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab

The present study was undertaken with the objectives to identify the types and extent of job constraints faced by
women employees in the banking sector and to associate the components of job constraints with socio-economic
profile of female employees. The women job-seekers find jobs in banks more attractive and more suitable to their
nature. Banks not only hire them massively but also welcome their entry because women have certain innate traits
which fit in with the job requirements. Indian women is distinct from their western counter parts in that they do not
shed their conventional roles as mothers and house wives in spite of their professional responsibilities. They are
skilled at blending professional excellence and traditional love for home harmoniously. The job constraints were
categorized into four categories i.e., Gender specific constraints, Performance and role related constraints, Timings
and technological constraints and Emotional constraints. Overall, the banks were found to be providing adequate
facilities to the female employees.

Keywords: job constraints, working women, gender specific constraints, performance and role related constraints

The constitution of India provides equal status to men and women.
Women have become active participants in all walks of life. Women
not only have become an important unit of the society but have also
become the driving force towards making social change. They no
more believe in superstition, ort0hodoxy and conservatism. Such
changes in the attitudes of women are attributed to the rising costs of
living, reduction in size of families, breaking up of joint family
system, increase in the age of marriage, gainful use of spare time,
career consciousness and various job opportunities for women in
different fields, etc.
Most of the efforts to raise the status of women have centred on
education. Many efforts have been done to do the same. But still, a
large part of the female population remains uneducated. Women in
the urban areas have a high literacy rate than the females in the rural
areas. This still remains an area of concern for the society. Women
not only want to get educated instead they want to enjoy an equal
status in the society. They are becoming more career conscious and
professional in their approach. Women's participation in the work
field has been quite low in the Indian society. This low participation
is due to the old traditions of the society. Women are, till today, not
considered as the bread-winners instead they are treated as mere
helpers of the men folk. They are expected to be good wives, loving
mothers and obedient home-makers. Higher education and
technological developments have changed the social perceptions to
some extent. Due to this change, more and more women are entering
into the work-field than before. The Indian society has started
accepting the women workers up to some extent. Women have
started choosing the modern areas of work instead of the traditional
occupations. Certainly, without the active participation of women
the social, economic and political growth of a nation could not have
been possible. But ironically, women employees are facing a lot
many problems at workplace these days. Career poses many
Correspondence should be sent to Dr. Sukhmani
Assistant Professor, School of Business Studies
Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab
E-mail: sukhmani@pau.edu
problems and challenges for them which still need to be taken up
seriously.
Review of literature
A brief review of literature is of immense importance with respect to
any research. Following are the excerpts of relevant literature, taken
from various articles in different journals, books, newspapers,
websites and magazines so as to give a positive direction to this
study.
Ali (2011) studied the challenges faced by women employees in
career development. The study found that women employees got
less promotion opportunities and training among women employees
was minimal. Most women employees were not satisfied with career
development programmes also women were discriminated against
in career development opportunities. The study recommended that
organizations should try hard to ensure that career development
programmes were set to improve career development amongst
women employees. Top management should also be committed to
the career development of women and organizations should also
introduce confirmatory action to address career development of
women. Ferguson and Cheek (2011) found the situational
constraints perceived among the work setting accounted for over
twenty Seven Hills of Rome (27 percent) of job satisfaction
variations, once dominant for demographic factors that may
influence job satisfaction. Results purpose to direction as a result of
the exclusively significantly potent situational constraint on job
satisfaction, providing the most effective potential for rising
employee job satisfaction. Thus, these findings counsel that
management interested in getting the foremost “bang for his or her
buck” relative to dominant or influencing discourse structure things
that may fully influence job satisfaction maybe got to specialize in
exclusively one dimension direction. Kumar and Sundar (2012)
concluded that India may be a country with various traditions and
customs, where females hold a venerable position. Sadly, since ages,
the role of females was confined to social unit chores and restricted
to domestic problems. Within the male-dominated Indian society,
females suffered to extreme levels of exploitation. Some factors like