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A study on the situation of women's education in India

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 Chapter 15

A study on the situation of women's education in India.

Devashish Pandey, Assistant Professor, School of Hospitality Management, IMS

Unison University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand

Introduction
Indian women's roles in their households are based on long-held traditions of male
dominance and female subordination. Here, the male bears exclusive responsibility
for educating and encouraging the females to take the initiative and participate in the
family's growth processes. Women must be given the opportunity to do more than
just stay at home and raise their children; they must also be given the opportunity to
contribute to the creation of a strong society.All inhabitants of a country have the
right to education. By removing limits and impediments, all citizens should have
access to primary, secondary, and higher education. Literacy is the foundation of all
education. It's an important part of social cohesion and national identity.
Higher education refers to education beyond high school. Higher education refers to
education that is at least equivalent to a bachelor's degree. It also includes vocational
schools in medicine, engineering, business, law, music and art, as well as other
institutions such as teacher training schools, pure science and technical institutions.
According to women in higher education - A long way to go / Deccan Herald. AISHE
(All India Survey on Higher Education) 2019-20 report given by the Ministry of
Education, women currently account for 49 percent of total enrolment in higher
education in India.This low literacy rate has a significant impact not only on the lives
of women, but also on the lives of their families and the country's economic
development. According to various studies, illiterate women have a higher risk of
fertility and death, as well as low nutritional status, limited economic potential, and
limited household autonomy. Despite the Indian government's strong commitment to
universal education, India nevertheless has one of Asia's lowest female literacy rates.
In 1991, less than 40% of India's 330 million women aged 7 and up were literate,
implying that there are now more than 200 million illiterate women. As a woman
creates a family, a family creates a house, and homes create a society, so does a family
create a home. As a result, we should never assume that a society could exist without
the contribution of women. We all know that development is impossible without

ANORA: Aeon of New Organized Research and Academics & 79

education. We've forgotten that a child's first and best school is his or her mother's lap.
Women's Empowerment Programs in India
A country's future depends on ensuring that future generations are appropriately
represented, qualified, and capable of carrying on the legacy of growth. As a country,
we have a history of gender inequality, but the government is working to change that
by empowering, educating, and uplifting girls. According to Women empowerment
schemes / Poshan Abhiyan few schemes discussed below.
Pradhan Mantri Mahila Shakti Kendra scheme-enlist the help of student
volunteers to increase community participation and empower rural women.
Rastriya MahilaKosh- to provide low-interest microcredit to impoverished women
for a variety of livelihood and income-generating activities in a client-friendly
manner in order to help them achieve socioeconomic progress
Scheme for Adolescent Girls - is to empower and improve the social standing of
girls aged 11 to 18 through nutrition, life skills, home skills, and vocational training.

Comparison of female with male, enrolled in higher education

According to Indian Women and Education/Patna Daily, Due to marriage, many
women had to abandon their dreams of obtaining further education. In the recent
decade, the number of women enrolling in higher education has increased;
nevertheless, further efforts are needed because the trend of improvement has
practically reached a halt in the last three years. Women's participation in decision-
making is one of the most important indicators of their empowerment, and it's also
crucial to recognise the impact of better educational status in women's
empowerment.
Higher levels of education and literacy, especially among women, contribute to
greater awareness and, as a result, improved economic and social conditions. It
functions as a catalyst for social change, increasing returns on investment in virtually
every facet of development, including population control, health, sanitation,
environmental degradation, and low employment.

ANORA: Aeon of New Organized Research and Academics & 80

Objective of this study-
1) To study the contribution of women in higher education sector
2) To analyse the problem occurs in women empowerment
3) To examine higher education's future prospects and their impact on women's
empowerment.
Methodology - This research paper is primarily descriptive, focusing on a variety of
relevant subjects such as women's empowerment, primary education and women's
higher education.
Discussion-
Individuals, communities, and women and girls in particular benefit from education,
which is one of the most powerful weapons for empowerment. Educational
attainment and literacy rates are both markers of a society's overall progress.
Women's empowerment and gender equality are critical for long-term development
and prosperity.
(Panchani, Monika. 2017) Higher education helps to reduce inequities and improves
a person's position within their family. Women's higher educational achievements
can have a cascading effect across families and across generations. Women's
empowerment is intimately linked to their degree of education, with the higher the

ANORA: Aeon of New Organized Research and Academics & 81

level of education, the stronger the empowerment of women. Women are now
engaging in a variety of areas of men's territory, in addition to standard courses.
(Devi, Subangini, A.2014.)The provision of educational opportunities for girls and
the acceptance of women's rights in the workplace have enhanced women's chances
in many areas of the Indian economy, although female representation in the economy
remains low. According to the survey, both internal and external hurdles prevent
women from rising to positions of leadership. The impacts of socialisation and sex
stereotyping were among the internal barriers. External constraints arose from the
educational system's structure, which trapped women in low-power, low-visibility,
dead-end occupations, limiting their performance and chances.In practically every
state, women's involvement in higher education is expanding. Women are also
enrolling in higher education in greater numbers. (Ghara, Kanti, Tushar.2016) In
practically all of India's states, the rate of growth is modest. Enrolment is reliant on
female teachers. The goal remains the same: to succeed. As a result, higher
educational institutes for women, particularly in rural areas, are still scarce, and
women's enrolment remains low in comparison to men. It is also possible to conduct
a discipline-by-discipline analysis.

Conclusion
In practically every state, women's involvement in higher education is expanding.
Women are also enrolling in higher education in greater numbers. In practically all of
India's states, the rate of growth is modest. Enrolment is reliant on female teachers.
The goal remains the same: to succeed. As a result, higher educational institutes for
women, particularly in rural areas, are still scarce, and women's enrolment remains
low in comparison to men. It is also possible to conduct a discipline-by-discipline
analysis. The provision of educational opportunities for girls and the acceptance of
women's rights in the workplace have enhanced women's chances in many areas of
the Indian economy, although female representation in the economy remains
low.According to the survey, both internal and external hurdles prevent women from
rising to positions of leadership. The impacts of socialisation and sex stereotyping
were among the internal barriers. External constraints arose from the educational
system's structure, which trapped women in low-power, low-visibility, dead-end
occupations, limiting their performance and chances.

ANORA: Aeon of New Organized Research and Academics & 82

 References
1) Women in higher education - A long way to go / Deccan Herald. Available at
https://www.deccanherald.com/opinion/panorama/women-in-higher -education-
a-long-way-to-go-1009158.html. Accessed on (10th February 2022)
2) Women empowerment schemes / Poshan Abhiyan. Available at
https://wcd.nic.in/schemes-listing/2405.
3) https://www.patnadaily.com/index.php/guest-writers/230-siddharth-
suman/13660-indian-women-and-education.html
4) Girls education in India/ Dr JayadevSahu.
¨
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