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1) Identify some languages that are not natural human languages.

2) Think of any supporting evidence for the assumption that meaning in

natural languages is very responsive to, and often a reflex of, human
perception and conception!

3) A whistle is used in different semiotic systems by a football referee, a

policeman directing traffic, the doorman at a five-star hotel, and once
upon a time by a workman on a building site when a young woman
walks by. Comment on what all these systems have in common and
yet how in each one the whistle has a distinct purpose. What is/are the
language counterparts to the whistle?

4) Discuss why it is that human languages are regularly referred to as

‘natural languages’ yet Grice referred to their meanings as ‘meaning’?

5) What difference can you detect between language as an abstract

entity on the one hand, and language as either a physical or psychological
object?

SEMANTICS (PBI 5032) I Hj. Renny Kurnia Sari, M.Pd. 2