Mariel C.

Bombita IT Application Tools in Business

BSA - 1B Dr. Ma. Zosima Tejero

CHAPTER EXERCISE

1. Discuss the following:

a. Flow of control

 Flow control is the mechanism that ensures the rate at which a sender is transmitting is in
proportion with the receiver’s receiving capabilities. Flow control is utilized in data
communications to manage the flow of data/packets among two different nodes, especially in
cases where the sending device can send data much faster than the receiver can digest. It is the
order in which the computer executes statements in a script. Code is run in order from the first
line in the file to the last line, unless the computer runs across the (extremely frequent)
structures that change the control flow, such as conditionals and loops.

b. Flow of data

 It is computer architecture that utilizes multiple parallel processors to perform simultaneous

operations as data becomes available. It is the path of data from source document to data entry
to processing to final reports. Data changes format and sequence (within a file) as it moves from
program to program. Data flows are usually the first components to be defined. System inputs
and outputs are determined from interviewing, observing users, and analyzing documents and
other existing systems. Data flows for all inputs and outputs should be described first, because
they usually represent the human interface, followed by the intermediate data flows and the
data flows to and from data stores. The detail of each data flow is described using elements,
sometimes called fields; a data structure; or a group of elements.

c. Flow of instruction

 A program residing in the memory unit of a computer consists of a sequence of instructions.

These instructions are executed by the processor by going through a cycle for each instruction.
In a basic computer, each instruction cycle consists of the following phases: Fetch instruction
from memory. Decode the instruction. Read the effective address from memory. Execute the
instruction. The instruction cycle (also known as the fetch–decode–execute cycle, or simply the
fetch-execute cycle) is the cycle that the central processing unit (CPU) follows from boot-up until
the computer has shut down in order to process instructions.

2. Differentiate System software from application software.

 System software are designed to manage the resources of the system, like memory and process
management, security, etc. whereas Application software are designed to fulfil the
requirements of the user for performing specific tasks.
 The System Software is a general-purpose software while the Application Software is specific
purpose software.

 System Software is written in a low-level language like a machine or assembly language but
Application software is a high-level language is used to write Application Software.

 System Software is capable of running independently while Application software can't run
independently.

 The System Software starts running when the system is powered on and runs until the system is
powered off while the Application Software starts when the user begins, and it ends when the
user stops it.

 System software are independent of the application software while an Application software
needs system software to run.