STD-SSPC PA 2-ENGL 1946 MM A427440 DOONeEL 270 mm SSPC-PA 2 Measurement of Dry Coating Thickness with Magnetic Gages cE8 ‘The Society for Protective Coatings ‘SSPC Publication No. 97-02 ISBN 1-889060-07-0 SSC. The Sxl for Proline Coking 00STD+SSPC PA @-ENGL 1996 MMH Sb27940 COO4bb2 307 Rm DISCLAIMER ‘Ths standard has been developedin accordanco with volun ‘ary consensus procedures by SSPC Advisory Commitines and is believed to represent good current practice, All SSFC specil- ‘ations, guides and recommendations ara morored and revisod ~aspraciices improve, and suggestions for revision are welcome. ‘ther methods, materials, and spocifications may be equally effective or superior. SSPC is not responsible fr the application, interpretation, or administration of its specications, guides and recommendations. Moreover, SSPC does not issue intoprota- tions of its specifications, quides or recommendations; and no person is authorized to issue an interpretation of an SSPC. ‘specification, guide or recommendation on behalt of SSPC. 'SSPC specifically disclaims responsiblity for he se ormiguse ct its specifications, uides and recommendations. The supplyingot {eiails about patented formulations treatmorts, or processes is not to be regarced ax conveying any right or permitting the user ofthis quidetouse orselanypatentod invertion. Whonitisknown thal the subject matter of the text Is covered by patent, euch patents are reflected in the text. ‘Copytgt 1997 by ssPC ‘The Society for Protective Coatings (tonnerty Steel Structures Painting Council) 40 24th St, 6th Floor Pitsburgh, PA 15222 Attrights reserved This document or any pant thereof may not be reproduced in _any form without the writen permission ofthe publisher. Printed in USA ty he SSP: The Sxl fr Protein Cots 500 2002 s BeCoit Wa Oe. STD-SSPC PA @-ENGL L994 MM Ab27940 OOO4LL3 O49 Ml ssPc-ea2 une 1, 1996 SSPC PAINT APPLICATION STANDARD NO. 2 Measurement of Dry Coating Thickness with Magnetic Gages 4. Scope 1.1 GENERAL: This standard deseribes the procedures to ‘moasura the thickness of a dry film of a nonmagnetic coating applied on a magnetic substrate using commercially available ‘magnetic gages. These procedures are intendedtocupplement ‘manufacturers’ instructions for the manual operation of the ‘gages and are no! intended te replace them, 1.2 The procedures for calibration and measurement aro described for two types of gages: pull-oft gages (Type 1) and Constant pressure probe gages (Type 2). 1.8 The standard defines a procedure to determing if the ‘tim thickness over an extended area conforms to the mirimum fend the maximum lavels specified. 2. Description and Use 24 DEFINITIONS: 24.1 Gage Reading: A singls reading at one point 2.4.2 Spot Measurement: The average of at least thro, ‘gage readings made within a 1.5 inch (4 em) diameter cite, 2.2 DESCRIPTION OF GAGES: 2.2.4 Gage Types: The gage type is determined by the specific magnetic properties employed in measuring the thick ‘ness and is not determined ny the made of data readout. 12. digital or anaiog. This standard doss nat cover gages thal ‘measure the effect of eddy currants produced in te substate, 2.2.2 Type t~PutlOH Gagee: In pull-off gages, a per- manent magnet is brought into dvect contact with the coated ‘surface and a calibrated scale measures the force nacecsaryto pull the magnet ‘rom the surface. Less force is required to remove the magnet froma thick coating. The scale s nonlinear. + Type 1A. A magnets attached to one end af a pivating balance arm. Thie assembly is connected to a calibrated helical spring. By rotating a cial, the spring increases the force on the magnet and pulls it from the surface. The ‘Type 1A gages are commanly callod “banana” gages. + Type 1B - A magnet is mounted directly er indirect to a Cail spring. The spring acts perpendicularly to the surface te pul off the magnet. The Type 18 gages are commonly called *penci gages. 2.2.3. Type 2—Constant Pressure Probe Gages: Acon- stant pressure probe gage uses a probe which exerts a constant i by he SSC The Say for Poin Cains D208 20 Pressure on the coated surface during the entire measuring operation. Electronic circuitry is used to convert a reterenca, signal into coating thickness. (See 8.1.) 2.3 USE OF STANDARI following: : This document containe the + Calloration, veriicaiion and measurement procedures (ection 4). + Requirednumber of maaeuromonts for conformance toa thickness specication (Section 5) + Notes on gage principles and various factors affecting thickness mocauroment {Seation 8), ‘+ A numerical examois of thickness measuremant aver an coxtended area (Appendix 1), + A numerical example cf veritication of the calibration of ‘Typo 2 gages using plastic shims (Appendix 2) Reference Standards 8.4 The documents and standards referenced inthis stan- ‘dard are listed In Section 3.4 ard torm a part ofthis standard 3.2. The latost issue, revision or amendment of the refer. fenced documerts in effact on tho date of invitation to bid shall, ‘govern unioss ctherwise specified 8.9 there is a conlict between the requirements of any of the cited documants and ths standard, the requirements of this, ‘Standard shall provail. 3.4 NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECH- NOLOGY (NIST) STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIALS. (Soe. Section 8.18) 4. Calibration, Verification andMeasurement Procedures 44 GENERAL AAA AccesstoBare Substrate: All gages are alfactedto some degree by substrate conditions such as reughness, shape, thickness and compostion. To correct for thie effect, access to the uncoated substrate is recommended. Another option is to use separate uncoated reference panels with similar rough- ness, shape, thickness snd composition. (See Sections 8.3 t0 8.0.) Those would be used as the bere substrate in the proce- dutes of Sections 4.2 and 4.3. Reference pares shall be of sufficient size te procludo edge affects. (Soe Section 8.7.) Measurements on the bare substrate can be taken beforesepcpag STD-SSPC PA 2-ENGL 249945 Ml @L27941 DOONEY TAT mm June 1, 1996 the coating is applied or by masking off small representative areas during painting. # the ocating has alaady been applied Tothe entire suriace, small areas of coating may be removed.and {ater patched. Do not allow the romoval process to alter tho condition of the substrate, Paint strippers should be used in ford to retain the profile. 4.1.2 SpotMeasuremant: Repaatod gags readings, even at points close together, may differ due to small surface irregu- artes of the coating and the substrate. Thoreforo, a minimum ‘of thro0 (3) gage readings shallbe mad for each spot measure- ‘ment ct oithor the substrate or the coating. Fer each new gage teading, move the probe to a new location within he 1.8 inch (4 em) dlameter circle defining the spt. Discard any unusually high or low gage reading that cannot be repeated consistontly Take the average of te acceptable gage readings as tho spot moasuroment. 4.2. CALIBRATION, VERIFICATION ANDMEASUREMENT: ‘TYPE 1—PULL-OFF GAGES, 4.2.1 ForType 1 gages, use test blocks bearing calibratod ‘non-magnetic coatings that are traceabie to a suitable national standard. (See Saction 8 15) The standards must be large ‘enough to oxcgod the critical mats of steo! nooded to eatsly he magnetic field ofthe Typ 1 (pull-of magnets. Shims of plastic or of non-magnetic metals which are acceptable for calibration ‘of Type 2 (constant pressure probe) gages sheuld nt be usad. for calibration ofthe Type 1 gaves. (See Section 6.1.1) Ifthe manufacturer's instructions aro in confit with this standard by allowing the uso of plastic or othor non-magnetic shims for the ‘calibration of a Type 1 gage, the contracting parties must both be nolified ofthis fact and agree an a method of calibration, It proprfetary thickness standards are to be used, agree ‘ment between contracting parties should be reached prior to starting the job, 4.2.2 Using the Type 1 (pul-olf) gage, measure the thick- nots of a series of calibration standards covering the expected range of coating thickness. To guard against meaeuning with an inaccurate gage, recheckthe gage at the boginning and the and. ‘of each work shift with one ormore ofthe standards. During the ‘work shi, the gage is draped or suspacted of giving ecrone- ‘ous readings, its cautration should be rechecked. If deemed ppropriate by the contracting parties, inital agreoment can be reached on the details and frequency of verification or calibrae ‘ion. Record the calibration data and the method used to verily tho calibration. If the gage is found ta be out of calibration atthe tend of the work shit, all measurements made since the last calibration are suspect. 4.2.3. Whnon tie gage no longer agrees with the standard, check the probe for cloantinoss. If ditty, c'ean as described in Section8.5.1. Ifthe gage stil does not agree withthe standard, the gage is in need of repair or replacement. Some gages can be adjusted to read accurately na given range. Acjust the gage correctly ona given standard, Then check che gage an standards othighec and ower thicknessas toastablichtherange Cori by he SSC The Say for Proecive Caings et 3225031 202 ‘over which the gage is accurate. All Type 1 gages have: rnonlinesr scales and ary adjusting feature is Ynoar in nature. ‘Tnerefore, only a given segment cf the scale can be accurate altor edjustment 42.4 Measure the bare subsitate ai a number of spots 10 ‘obtain representative average value. This average valu isthe bbase metal reading (3M). Note the gageis notte be calibrated fon the bare substrate. 42.5 Measure tho dry coating at the number of spote specified in Soction 6. 42.6 Subtract the base motal reading from the gage read- ing to obtain the thickness ofthe coating, 43. CALIBRATION, VERIFICATIONAND MEASUREMENT: ‘TYPE 2CONSTANT PRESSURE PROBE GAGES 43.1 Ditiorent manufacturors of Type 2 (constant pressure proba} gages follow diferent methods of calixration or adjustment Calibrate the gage according to manufacturers instructions. 43.2 With a propery caliprated gage, measure the dry coaling as specified, (See Section 4, 1.2.) 43.3. Verity necalbrtione! he gage atthe beginning and tho ond of each work shit with ono or more ofthe standards {See Appondix 2}. During tha work shit, the gage is dropped or suspected of giving erroneous readings its callbration should berechecked. Ifdeemed appropriatsby he contracting pats, inal agreementeznbe reached onthe details and frequency of veriication or calibration. Rocord the calibration data and the method used to veri he calbraton. If the gages found to be out of calibration at the and ofthe work shift, al measurements made since the last calibration are suxpact. 5. Required Number of Measurements for Conformance to a Thickness Specification 5.1 NUMBER OF MEASUREMENTS: Make fiva (6) sopa: ‘ale epot measurements {average of the gage readings, see Section 4.1.2) spaced randomly over each 10m (100) area, tobe measured. ifthe contracting panics agree, more than five (8) spot measurements may be taken in a given area. (See Section 5.3.) The five spot moasurements shall bo made for leach 10 mr (100 fF) of area as follows: 5.11 For structures net exceeding 30 m” (300 9) in area, ‘each 10 rr (100 f) area shall be measured, 5.1.2 For structures not exceeding 100 m? (1,000 f) in ‘area, three 101m (100 f€) areas shall be randomly selected and measured, 5.1.3 For structures exceeding 100 mé (1,000 ff} in erea, thotirst 100 m* (4,000) shallbe measuredas statedin Section 5.1.2 and for each additional 100 m? (1.000 1} of area or increment thereof, one 10 m# (100 Ht) area shall be randomly ‘selected and measured,STD-SSPC PA 2-ENGL L9%b MM Bb27540 OODLES 2b Me 5.1.4 It the dty fil thickness for any 10 m# (100 1) area (800 Sections §.1.2 and 6.1.3) is nat in compliance with the requirements of Sections 5.2.1 and §.2.2, then adlzonal mes: surements must be made 10 isolate the non-conforming araa. 5.2 SPECIFYING THICKNESS: Both a maximum and a ‘minimum thickness should bo specified for the coating. I a ‘maximum thickness value is not explicitly specified, the speci= fied thickness shall be the minimum. 5.2.1 Minimum Thickness: The average of the spot ‘measurements for each 10 a? (100 I) arca shall not be loss, than the specitied minimum thickness, No single spot measure- ‘mont in any 10 m? (100 ft) area shall be lass than 80% of the ‘specified minimum thickness. Any gage raading may under-run bby a greater amount. Ifthe average of the spot measurements {or a given 10 m* (100 i*) area moots or exceeds the specified ‘minimum thicknoss, but one ormore spat measurements is less than 80% of the specified minimum thickness, adsitional mea- surements may be made to define the non-conforming area. {800 Appendix 1.) 5.2.2 Maximum Thickness: The average of the spot ‘measurements fer each 10 my (100) area shalt not be mora ‘thanthe spectfiedmaximum thickness. No single spot measure- ‘mentin arzy 10 (100 area shall be more than 120% of te -spaciied maximum thickness. Any gage reading may over-ran ‘by agroater ameunt, #1 the average of the spot measurements {ota given 10 m* (100) area meets or falls bolow the specified ‘maximum thickness, bul one or more spol measurements ie ‘more than 120% of the epecitied maximum thickness, edditional measurements may be made to define the non-conlorrning area, Manulacturets’iterature may bo consulted te determine It higher maximum thickness readings are allowable under ‘specific circumstances. 5.3 Othersize areas ornumber of spotmeasuremsnts may be specified in tne procurement dacuments as appropriate for the size and shape of the structure to be measured, 6. Accuracy 6-4 Ta qualify under this standard, a gage must nave ar accuracy al feastwithin 10%. Forthicknesses loss than 25 js (mi the gage must have an accuracy atleast within =2.5 1m (0.4 mil) 7. Disclaimer 7.1 While every precaution is taken to ensure that all Information furnishes in SSPC standards and specifications is as accurate, compote and useful as possible, SSPC cannot ‘assume responsibil norincur any obligation rasulting trem the Use of any materials. coatings oF methods specified therein, or ‘ofthe specification or siandacditsett Cori by he SSC The Say for Proecive Caings Wil Ot 30225035 2002 SSPC-PA2 June 1, 1996 8. Notes Notes are not requirements of this standard. 8.1 PRINCIPLES OF THE MAGNETIC GAGE: Fech of these gages can sense and indicate only te cisiance between the magnetic surface of hesteeland thesmall roundedtipofthe ‘magnet orprobe that rests on thotop surtace ofthe coating. This, ‘measured distance, rom the top surtaco of the coating, must be corrected for the thickness of any extraneous fling or other interfering conditions on the surface ofthe steel, Such correction 's described in Section 4.2107 Type 1 gages and manutacturer’s instructions for Type 2 gages. 8.1.1 Type 1 (pulholf gages use accallbratodtaprng mecha- nism fo moasure the force needed to ull a small permanent ‘magnet rom the surtace ol the coated steel, The magnetic force hoiding the magnet to tho surtaco vanes inversely as a non- linear function of he distance between mageet and steal, ie the thickness of the dry coating (plus ary other films present), ‘The Type 1A “banana” gages use a helical spring to pull ‘small permanert magnet ftcm the surface. Internal balancing ‘mechanisms in most banana gages compensate for horizontal, vertical and overhead positions so thel thera is ne need to ‘ocalibrate when charging orientation. In a Type 18 “pencil” gaga, a calibrated coll epring mea sures the force necessary to pullthe pormanort magnet ram the surface, Because of gravitational effects, hese gagas must be tecalibrated when the orientation of he surface changes; e.g. 8 gage calibrated on a horizontal surtace will not be accurate ‘when measuring a vertical suriace. Some gagos have three Separate indicators which compensate for hetizental, vertical ‘and overhead positions. Type 1B gages are generally not as precise as Type 1A gages. Normally, Type 1 gages are not adjusted or raset for each now series of measurements, ‘Shims of sheet plastic cr of non-magnetic meals, which are permissible for callvrling Type 2 (constant pressure probe) ‘gages, should not be used for calitration of Type | gages, Such shims are usualy fatty rigid end curved and do rot lis perfectly flat, even on a smooth steel test surface. Near the pull-tf point, ‘ofthe calbracion measurements with ary Type 1 gage, the shim frequently springs back from the steel surface, raising ‘he ‘magnet too goon and causing erroneous calibration readings, 8.1.2 Type 2 (constant prossura probs} cages operate on {wo different magnetic principtes. Some Typo 2 gages use & permanent magnet. When the magnet is brought near steel, th ‘magnetic flux density within the magnet Is Increased. Hy ‘moasuring this change in lux density, which varies inversely to the distance between tho magnet and the steel substrate, the ‘coating thickness can be determinad, Hall elements and mag not resistance elements are the mcstcommon waysto moasure magnetic flux consily. However, the reqpanse ot these cle- ‘ments istemperature dependant, so temperature compensation {s required. (her Type 2 gages cperate on the principle of electromagneticSTD-SSPC PA 2-ENGL 1994 MM &627940 DO04bbb ase SSPC-PA2 June 1, 1996 {nduction. A cot containing a soft ron rod is energized with an ‘AC current thoreby producing 2 changing magnetic fold at the probe. As with a permanent magnet, the magnetic flux density, ‘within the rod increases whea the probes brought near thestee! substrate. This change is easy to detect by using a second col. ‘The output ofthe second col is related to coating thickness and this relationship can be determined experimentally, 9.2 REPEATABILITY: Magnetic gages are necossatlly sensitive to very small irregulanties af the coating surlace or ot the steel surface directly below the probe center. Repeated gage readings on a rough surface, even at points very close togethor, froquonty ifr considerably. particulary for thin tims over a rough surface with a high profi 18.3 ZERO SETTING: Type 1 magnetic gages should not be adjusted or set atthe scale zero (0) with the gage applied to sither a rough or a smooth uncoated stes! surface, ‘8.4 ROUGHNESS OF THE STEEL SURFACE: ithe stac! surface is smooth and even, its surface plane is the effective magnetic suriaca.IIthesteelis roughened, as byblast leaning, the “apparent” or elfective magnetic surface that the cage ‘sonses & an imaginary plane located botwean tho poaks and valleys of the surface profile. Wilh a cortectiy calibrated ad adjusted Type 2 gage, the reading obtained indicates the coat- ing thickness above this imaginary plane. {See Section 4.2) if Type 1 gage is used, the coating thickness is abtsined by ‘subtracting the base otal roading. (See Section 42.) 8.5 DIRTY, TACKY OR SOFT FILMS: The surtacs of the coating and the probe ofthe gage must be ee rem dust, grease fend other foreign matter in order to obtain close contact ol the probe withthe coating end also to avoid adhesion of the magnet ‘The accuracy of the measurement willbe affected ifthe coating is tacky or excessively sctt. Tacky coating films also cause unwanted adhesion ofthe magnet, Unusually sot lms may be dented by the pressure of the probe. Soll or tacky films can ‘sometimes be measured satisfactory by putting a shim on the fn, measuring total thickross of coating plus shim and sub- Iracting shim thickness. 8.5.1 Ordinary dirt and grease can be removed from a probe by wining with asoftcloth, Magnetic panicles adhering to the probe can be removed using an adhesive tacked tape. Any adhesive rasidue left on the praba must then ba removed. 8.6 ALLOY STEEL SUBSTRATES: Differences among most mild low-carson stee!s wif net significantly effect magnetic gage readings. For highor alloy steels, the gage response ‘shouldbe checked. n any event, no gago shouldbe racalpratod on the same steel over which the coating has been applied, 8.7 PROXIMITY TO EDGES: Magnetic gages are sensi tive to geometrical ¢'scontinultes of the steel, such as holes, comers or edges. ‘The sensitivity 10 edge otfects and discontinuities varies fram gageto gage. Measurements closer than 2 Sem {1 in) from the discontinuity may not be valid unless the gage is calibrated spsctically for that location. Cori by he SSC The Say for Proecive Caings Wil Ot 30225035 2002 8.8 PROXIMITY TO OTHER MASS OF STEEL: The older {wo-pole Type 2 gages with permanent magnets are sensitive to the presence of ancther mass of steel cleco to the body of the ‘gage. This effect may extond as much as three inches (7.8 cm) from an ineid angi, 8.9 CURVATURE OF STEEL SURFACE: Magnetic gage readings may be affected by surface curvature. Ilthe curvature ‘s appreciable, valid measurements may still be obtained by Ccaliorating or adjusting the gage on a similarly curved surface. 8.10 TILTOF PROBE: All ofthe magnets or probes must ‘v0 hold perpendicular to the coated surface to produce valid measurements, 8.11, OTHERMAGNETICFIELDS: Songmagnetictields, such 2s those trom walding equipment or nearoy power lines, ‘may interfere with operation of the gages. Also, residual ‘magnetism in the steel substrate may affect gage readings. With fixed probe two-pole gages in euch casas, itis recom: ‘mended thatthe readings belore and after reversing the pole positions be averaged. Other gages may require demagnetiza- ‘ton of tho steel 8.12 EXTREMES OF TEMPERATURE: Most of the mat netic gages operate salis‘actoniy at 4°C and 49°C (40°F and 120°), Some gages unction wellatrmuch highertemperatures. However, if such ternporatute extremes are metin the fel, the ‘gage might wellbe checked with at least one refarence standard aller both the standard and the gage are brought to the same ambeent temperature. Most electronic gages componsate for temperature differences among the gage, probe and suriace, 8.13 VIBRATION: The accuracy of the Type 1 (pull-off) ‘gages'is affected by tatfic, machinery, concussions, etc. When these gages aresat up for calibration armeasurementol coating films, thore should be no apparent vibration 8.14 VARIATION IN THICKNESS - 80% OF MINIMURY 120% OF MAXIMUM: In any measurement there is @ cortain levetot uncertainty. Two inspectors using the same gage wil not necessarily racord the exact same number tor a given spot ‘measurement using the same 4.em (1.5 in} diameter circle, To allow for this natura! fluctuation, an individual spot measuro- ‘mont is permitted tobe below the specified minimum thickness: ‘astongasotherspotsin the 10 (100 ft) area are high enough to make the average thickness meet oF exceed the specified ‘minimum thickness. Similar reasoning applios to maximum thickness. The 89% of spexified minimum and 120% of speci- fied maximum allow forthe tolerance ofthe gage andealloration standards. and tor variations tn the eubstrate. 8.15 Polished metal calibration standards are manufac: lured by the National Instituta of Standatds and Technology (NIST). The chrome plated panels are flat smooth stool 2.86 x 2.86 om (1.125 x 1.126 in) in size, Examples of some NIST Standards are:yi by s Be STD-SSPC PA 2-ENGL 3956 MM Ab27940 OOGYRL? 799 mm Certified Coating Thickness Calibration Standards ‘Nonimagnetic Coating on Stee! ‘SRM 1959 Set of 3 80,225, 1000 um (3,9, 40 mit ‘SRM 1959 Set of 4 48,140,506, 800\um (2,55, 20,31 mi) SRM 13620 Set of 4 40, 80, 140, 205 um (1.8, 3, 5, 6 mi) ‘SRM 1931a to 1339 Single standards fom 3 um (0.1 ma) 1082 pm 2.4 mi) 8.16 CORRECTING LOW OR HIGH THICKNESS: The contracting parties should agree upon the method of corrscting ‘iim thicknesses that are above te maximum or below the ‘minimum specification. This method may be specifed in the procurement documents, may follow manufacturers instruc ‘tons or may be a compromise reached ator the non-conforming area ls discovered. Appendix 1—Numerical Example of Average Thickness Measurement The following numerical example is presented as an illus- tration of Section 5. (See JPCL, Vol. 4, No. 5, May 1987.) SSPO-PA2 June 1, 1996 Suppose this structure is 30 m* (800 19 in ares. Mentally ‘vide the surtace into three equal parts, each being about 10 mi (100 1. Part A 10 mr {100 89) Pant B- 10m? {100 4%) Part C - 10 mé (100 f*) First, measure the coating thickness on Part A. This Involves at least 16 readings of the thickness gage (See Figure At}. Assumo the specification calls for 64 um (2.5 mils) ‘minimum thickness, The avarage ticknoss for area A is then. tho average of the five spot measurements made on area A, namely 68 jim (2.6 mils), Spot 64 um 2.5 mils Spol2 76 3.0 Spols 53 2 Spor4 76 Spot's 3a Avg. 66 jm 26 mils FIGURE A1 Part “AY of Structure (Area Approx. 10 re? [100 ft) GAGE READINGS on Je SS. The Scie for Proline Colin 532 02STD-SSPC PA B-ENGL 1995 Mill B627940 DOOHDLS b25 Mw SSPOPAZ June t, 1996. “Tho average, 66 ym, exceeds tho spoctiod minimum of 64 lum and thus satistes the specification. However it must be decided ifthe lowest spot measurement, 53 ym, Is within 80% ofthe specified minimum thickness. Eighty percont of 64 um is, 51 4m (0,80 x 64 = 51). Although 59 jum is below the specified ‘inimum, is til within 80 percent of, 60 the specification is, satisfied, [The average, 2.6 mile, exceods tho specified minl- ‘mum of 2.5 mits and thus satisfies the specification. Howeverit ‘must be decided if the lowest spol measuremant, 2.1 mis, is, ‘within 80% of the specitied minimurn thickness. Eighty percent 0F 2.6 mils is 2.0 mils (0.80 x 2.6 = 2.0). Although 2.4 mis le below the specified minimum, tis stlwithin 89 percent oft, £0 the specification is satisfied.| ‘There are individual gage readings of 38 ym at spot 5 and 48m at spot 3, both of which are clearly less than $1 um. This, i allowed because only te average ofthe three readings (ie, tha spot measurament] mustbe greater than or equal 1051 sm. There are insividual gage readings of 1.5 mils al spol 5 and 1.8, mils at pot 3, both of which are clearly loss than 2.0 mils. This, is alowed because only the average ofthe thres readings (i.e. the spot measurement) must be greater than or equal to 2.0 mils.) Since the structure usedin this example ie about 20 "(900 4), the procedure used to measura the film thickness of part A ‘must be applied to both part B and pan G. The measured thickness of part 8 must exceed the 64 um (2.5 mils) specitied ‘minimum a muet tne thickness of part C. To monitor the thickness of this entire 30 m* (900 1) structure, al least 45 individual gage readings must be taken, ‘rom which *5:spot measurements are calculated. The five spot measurements from each 10/m*(100') partof the structureare used to calculate the thickness of that part Appendix 2—Example of Verification of the Calibration of Type 2 Gages Using Plastic Shims ‘This example describes a method ta check ita Type? gage is property calibrated. Suppose the coating thickness is specified at 100 ym (4.0 mils). The Type2 constant pressure proze gage being usedhas ben calibrated according to tha manufacturer's recommenda- tion. Now its calibration over biast cleaned stec! must be \erled. test coupon which had been blast cleaned curing tho time the structure was blasted and has @ profile representative ofthat under the coating is available. After selecting a 50 yim (2.0 mi) and a 250 sm {10.0 miD plastic shim, proceed to take thickness readings of the shims lying on the bare blasted surface. Because of the randomized nature of a blast cleaned surface, repeated readings may exhibit signiicant variation. Thus, make at least 10 measurements on each shim and record their averages, There's noneedio keep track of each individual readin. Many gages will compute the average for you opi by he SSC The Say for Poe Cains Wel O30 2250-0 202 ‘The thickness of aplastic shims typically accurate to within 25%), Atercalbration according to manulacturers insttuctions, the gage is probably accurste to wthin-+5% also. Tharefore, for the gago to be in agreement with the shim, the average thick- ‘ness measuted by the gage shouldbe within +10% of the shi's, thickness. Ifthe average thickness measured on the 81 wm (2.0, ‘mi shim ie 56 urn (2.2 mile), the cage iam agreement wth the shim because $6 is within 10% of $1 (2.2 is within 10% o! 2.0}, Similarty ifthe average thickness of the 254 wm (10.0 mi) ‘shims measured to be 279 um (17.0 mile), the gage calibration {s voritiod bocauso 279 ia within =10% of 254 (11.0 ia within 210% of 10.0}, In summary, ifthe average measurement of tho 51 yn (2 mil shim is between 46 and 56 um (1.0 and 2.2 mils), andi the average measurement of the 254 ym (10.0 mil shim is between £229 and 279 jm (9.0 and 11.0 mils), the calibration is vented. Check that another shim of intermediate thickness, for ‘example 127 ym (5.0 mils}, is also within+10%. f the calibration ie verified onboth the high and tho low ohms, iie almost always verted on the intermediate velue shim. NOTE: With some gages it may be more practical toadjust the gage at the intermeciate thickness (e.g, 127 jim shim) fist ‘and then verity thot the gage also reads the high and the low shims correctly.