Respiratory System Anatomy
provides resonating
Function
1. Homeostasis, exchange of O2 and CO2
2. Helps adjust the pH of body fluids
Parts
1. Nose
 External nose
 Bony Framework (nasa,
and maxilla)
 Cartilaginous
Framework (septal
nasal, lateral nasal and
alar cartilage)
 Internal Nose
 Warming, moistening
and filtering incoming
air
 Detecting, olfactory
stimuli
 Modifying speech
vibrations
 Nasal Cavity
 The space within the
internal nose
 Nasal Vestibule
 The anterior portio of
the nasal cavity just
inside the nostrils
 Nasal Septum
 Divides the nasal cavity
into right and left sides
2. Pharynx (throat)
 Funnel-shaped
 13 cm (5 inches)
 Three anatomical regions:
1. nasopharynx
2. oropharynx
3. laryngopharynx
 Function:
1. swallowing
2. passageway
3.
chamber
4. houses the tonsils
 Food and air
3. Larynx (voicebox)
 Connects the laryngopharynx
with the trachea C4-C6
 Composed of 6 cartilages
 3 are unpaired
 thyroid cartilage
 epiglottis
 cricoid cartilage
 3 are paired
 Arytenoid
 Cuneiform
 corniculate cartilages
 Epiglottis
 Swallowing: the
pharynx and larynx rise
 Pharynx to widens it to
receive food or drink
 Larynx to causes the
epiglottis to move
down and form a lid
over the glottis, closing
it off
 Aspiration: accidental
sucking of food into the
lungs (carina in trachea,
last ring) (t4-t5)
 Thyroid cartilage (C4-C5)
 Cricoid cartilage (C6)
 Hyoid bone (C3)
 Angle of Louis (T4-T5)
 Suprasternal notch (T5)
 Carina (T5)
4. Trachea (windpipe)
 Tubular passageway of air
 12 cm (5 in) long and 2.5 cm (1
in) in diameter
  Extends from larynx to the  Horizontal fissue
superior border of the fifth  Middle lobe
thoracic vertebra (T5)  Oblique fissure
 Tracheostomy: temporary or  Inferior lobe
permanent opening (2nd and 3rd  Right
ring)  Superior lobe (Cardiac
notch + Lingula)
5. Bronchi  Oblique fissure
 Trachea divides into right and  Inferior lobe
left bronche  Each lobe receives its own
 Right more vertical, shorter, secondary (lobar) bronchus
wider than the left 8. Alveoli
 Carina  Type 1 Alveolar Cells
 The point where the  Numerous
trachea divides into the  Primary site of gas
right and left primary exchange
bronchi an internal  Type 2 Alveolar Cells
ridge  septals cell
 Bronchial Tree (has 23  alveolar fluid
generations)  Surfactant complex mixture of
 Coughing effective (ring 7) phospholipids and lipoproteins
 decreasesthe tendency
i. Primary (mainsteam) bronchi: 2 of the alveoli to
ii. Secondary (lobar) bronchi: 5 collapse (emphysema,
(2L,3R) COPD, atelectasis)
iii. Tertiary (segmental) bronchi: 18 
(L8,10R)
Muscles
iv. Bronchioles
v. Terminal bronchioles 1. Relaxed inspiration
 Diaphragm (pison action)(I:
6. Lungs outward and downward) (E:
 Lobe of the lung: Left 3 right 2 inward and upward) ; External
 Lightweights, because they intercostalis (Inspiration)
float 2. Forceful inspiration
 Shape: cone-shaped  SCM, Upper Trapezius,
 Enclosed and protected by a Pectoralis Major, Anterior
double-layered serous Middle Posterior Scalenes,
membrane Serratus Anterior
 Ribs, sternum and vertebrae 3. Relaxed Expiration
encloses the lungs  Elastic Recoil
4. Forceful Expiration
7. Lobes, Fissures and Lobules  Abdominal musles
 Left  Internal intercostals
 Superior lobe
Mechanism to Increase Diameter

Ratio

A. Pistin Action
 increasing vertical diameter
(Diaphragm)
B. Pump Handle Mechanism
 anterioposterior
C. Bucket handle mechanism
 rib 7-10
 lateral diameter
D. Caliper motion
 rib 8-12
 lateral diameter