Registration No.

2017-EE-352, 362 (B)

Marks

Experiment No. 3

Amplitude Modulation and Demodulation (Part-1)

Objective:
• To understand theoretical foundation of analog communication
• Write code in MATLAB for AM modulation
• To design the Simulink model of AM to analyze each signal using scope
Theory:
Modulation:
A continuous-wave goes on continuously without any intervals and it is the baseband message
signal, which contains the information. This wave has to be modulated.
According to the standard definition, “The amplitude of the carrier signal varies in accordance
with the instantaneous amplitude of the modulating signal.” Which means, the amplitude of the
carrier signal containing no information varies as per the amplitude of the signal containing
information, at each instant.

Figure 1Amplitude modulation

Following are the mathematical expressions for these waves.

Time-domain Representation of the Waves
Let the modulating signal be,

m(t)=Amcos(2πfmt)
and the carrier signal be,

c(t)=Accos(2πfct)
Where,
Am and Ac are the amplitude of the modulating signal and the carrier signal respectively.
fmfm and fcfc are the frequency of the modulating signal and the carrier signal respectively.
Then, the equation of Amplitude Modulated wave will be

s(t)=[Ac+Amcos(2πfmt)]cos(2πfct)

Demodulation:
The demodulation process is the opposite of modulation, where a signal such as an audio signal
is applied to a carrier.
In the demodulation process the audio or other signal carried by amplitude variations on the
carrier is extracted from the overall signal to appear at the output.
As the most common use for amplitude modulation is for audio applications, the most common
output is the audio. This may be broadcast entertainment for broadcast reception, and for two
way radio communications, it is often used for land communications for aeronautical associated
applications - often within walkie talkies.
There are different methods for demodulation, there we use synchronous AM demodulator.
The synchronous AM demodulator uses a mixer or product detector with a local oscillator signal.
The local oscillator signal is synchronised to the incoming signal carrier so that it produces no
beat note with the incoming carrier. The sidebands of the AM signal are then demodulated to
provide the required audio signal.

𝛾(𝑡) = 𝑠(𝑡) × cos(2𝜋𝑓𝑡)

Then low pass filter is applied to remove high frequency components
Code:
Task 1: MATLAB script for AM modulation and demodulation
fm = 10;
fc = 100;
wm = 2*pi*fm;
wc = 2*pi*fc;
t=0:0.001:10;
msg = sin(wm*t);
car = cos(wc*t);

% Modulation
tx = 1*(1+msg).*car;
subplot(4,1,1)
plot(t,msg,'LineWidth' , 2); legend('Message');
axis([0 1 -3 3])
subplot(4,1,2)
plot(t,car,'LineWidth' , 2); legend('Carrier');
axis([0 1 -3 3])
subplot(4,1,3)
plot(t,tx,'LineWidth' , 1.5); legend('Transmitted Signal');
hold off
axis([0 1 -3 3])

%DeModulation

rx = tx.*car;
subplot(4,1,4)
plot(t,rx, 'LineWidth' , 1.5); legend('Recieving Signal');
axis([0 1 -3 3])

Task 2: Design the Simulink model of AM

Figure 2 Simulink model of Amplitude modulation

Results:

Figure 3 Output of MATLAB script (Task1)

 Figure 4 Message, carier and modulated signal

Figure 5 Demodulated and filtered signal

Conclusion:
In this lab we learned about amplitude modulation. First we wrote MATLAB script to analyze
amplitude modulation and observed the signals. In second task we design a Simulink model for
amplitude modulation. We also design a low pass filter to get original transmitted signal.
Reference:
1. https://www.tutorialspoint.com/analog_communication/analog_communication_amplitud
e_modulation.htm
2. https://www.electronics-notes.com/articles/radio/modulation/amplitude-modulation-am-
demodulation-detection.php