UNIVERSITY OF WROCLAW INSTITUTE OF THEORETICAL PHYSICS 50-204 Wroclaw, Pl. Maxa Borna 9, tel. 222363, fax 201467, telex 715623 UWRPL April 1993 IFT UWr 834/93 A Scheme for Galilei General Relativistic Quantum Mechanics by A. Jaderyk!” aad M. Modugno’ Mnstitute of Theoretical Physica, University of Wroclaw, Pl. Matsa Borne 9, PL 50-205 Wroclaw, Poland "Department of Applied Mathematics “G. Sansone’, University of Florence, via $. Marta 3, $0-199 Florence, Italy Summary: We preseat the rnin ideas and results of new general eelatvis. fic approach to the qunatum mechanics of a charged particle subject to an external gravitational and electromagnetic fd in cheved space-time with Absolute time, This approach has some ideas in cominon with the standard seometrcal quantisation, but it containe several diferences aad dew results 38 well, Our formulation is explicitly rovariant. Moreover, a fandamental role is plaved by the fbring ovr time, connections and jos. The proofs of theorems, A larger bibliography and srore details can be found in the forthcoming book ith Supported by Ti KBN # Talk at the X Ralian Conferenve on General Relativity, Bardonecchia, Sept. 1-5: 1992 ;NFM of CNR and MURST (40% and 60% } and PolishA. Jndcuyk et al, Galilei General Relativistic Quantum Mechanics 2 1, Introduction ‘The standard formalism of quantum mechanics (see for instance, 2-4) is quite well established and tested, so that it must be taken as touchstone for any further development. The supporting framework ofthis theory is the standard fiat Galilei space-time, Moreover, an inertial frame of reference is usually assumed and the implicit covariance of the theory is achioved by imposing a suitable transformation under the action of the Galilei group. As itis well known, the standard quantum ‘mechanics is deeply incompatible with the clasical theory of curved space-time and gravitational field. ‘This great problem is still open, in spite of several important tempts. We share the opinion that the frst step aimed at approaching it should be the achievement of a general relativistic formulation of quantum mechanics in teracting with a given classical gravitational field in a curved space-time, In the present work we diseuss only oe side of the problem: covagiant quantum mecha ies in a given (background) classical gravitational field. The other side - the back reaction of the quantum matter on the gravitational field isnot yet well understood (see however [6], where a general formalism that enables interaction of classical and quantum degrees of freedom is et). In the physical Bterature the principle of covariance is mostly formulated in terms of representations. This viewpoint is vey powerful and has been largely suc cessful. Moreover, itis related to the view of geometry based oa the famous Klein's programme, hence to the theories of representations of groups and Lie algebras, However, we think that the modern developments of geometry cannot be exhausted by this approach, Indeed, we think that a dtectappconch to geometialstrtares in terms of intrinsic algebraie structures, operators aud functors i quit interest snd might deserve a primitive consideration. Then, the groups of automorphisms of such structures arise subsequently. Actually, it isa pity thet an intrinsic geo: metrical language has not yet been achieved for all domains that occur i physics. On the other han, the method of representations remains essential for the stay of classifications So, the sim of our work isto achieve a general relativistic quantum mechanics As usual, by ‘general relativistic’ we mean covariant with reapect to the change of frames of reference (observers and units of measurement) and charts. A general relativistic quantum mechanics demauds a general relativistic elasical space-time as necessary support. Certainly, the most natural and interesting programme would be to study a quantum mechanical theory on an Einstein general relativistic back- szound, hence supported by a curved space-time equipped with a Lorentz metre. (On the other hand, it is possible to develop a general relativistic classical the. ory, based on a space-time fbred over absolute time and equipped with a vertieal Euclidean metric. This theory - whieh will be referzed to.as Galilei - is mathemat- ically rigorous and self-contained and provides a description of physical phenomena, A. Jadesyke et al, Galilei General Relativistic Quentum Mechanics 3 ‘with a good approximation (with respect to the corresponding Einstein theory) in presence of low energies and weak gravitational fld. The Galilei classical mechan- ‘cs has been studied by several authors (for instance, see Refs. [6-15]}; nevertheless, it is not common belief that many features, which are usualy attached exclusively to Einstein general relativity are also present in the Galilei theory. Then, in order to avoid confusion, we stress the difference between the general validity of notions ‘such as general relativity, curved space-time manifold, accelerated observers, equiv- lence principle and so on and their possible specifications into aa Einstein or a Galilei theory. In spite of its weaker physical validity, the Galilei theory has vome advantages due to its simplicity. Hence, we found worth starting our approach to quantum mechanics from the Galilei case. Later we plan to apply to the Ein stein case what, we have learned in the Galilei ease. On the other hand, this study. ‘ean be considered not only a useful exerise in view of further developments, but also physically interesting by itself. Analogously to the Einstein theory, we shall consider the special relativistic Galilei theory (affine space-time, constant metsic, inertial observers, Cartesian charts) as a particular case of the general relativistic (Our work is divided into two parts. First, we describe a suitable model of classical space-time. Our approach takes into account several idess and results on the Galilei {general relativistic clasical theory due to E. Cartan, C. Duval, K. Kuchaf, a. ‘Trautman and several others and preseots further ideas and results as well. Then, we develop the quantum theory. Our touchstone is the standard quantum mechanics. ‘Actually, even if our scheme is quite far from the usal one, we stress that it ‘agrees with the standard probabilistic interpretation and, eventually, our concrete results eoincide with the standard ones in the special Gallet ease. So, our theory can be regarded both as a generalisation of the standart theory (in order to be ‘general relativistic and to include the interaction with a gravitational feid) and. as ‘anew heuristic language (in view of further interpretations and developments). We observe that some results of the theory can be checked in prineiple by experiments. Some analogies between our approach and the geometrical quantisation (see, for instance, (16,17) are evident, but also several important differences aise. The main source of differences is due to our requirement of general relativistic covariance. In fact, in our theory the role of Sibring over time is very important and the classical and quantum dynamics involve the full structures on space-time, while the vertical structures have a pute geometrical role. Both in the classical and quantum theories, ‘our basic geometrical objects are Sibred manifolds, jets and connections. Groups have a secondary role A minor original feature of ous formulation concerns the way we treat the waits of measurement, in order to emphasise, in a clear and rigorous way, the independence ‘of the theory from any choice of units of measurement, In fact, some physicalA. Jndezyk et al, Galilei General Relativistic Quantum Mechanics 4 objects (mass, charge, and so on) are deseribed by elements of one dimensional vector spaces; some other physical object (space like metric, electromagnetic field, tnd so an) are described by sections of vector bundles, which can be identified with ‘teometrical bundles up to a scale factor: moreover, each fran of reference involves ‘a time scale. Only ratios of two vectors of such @ 1 dimensional vector epace or of two scale factors are numbers. Then, we are led to consider emi-vector spaces over the semisfield R* = {x € R: + > 0} and define the dual ofa semi-vector space and the tensor products over R* of semi-vector spaces. In particular, a vector space is also a semi-vector space and the tensor product of a somi-vector space with a vector space turns out to be a vector space. We say that « I-dimensional semi-vector space is a positive space. We can also define the roots of positive spaces. Moreover, by using the notation of the inverse and of the sealar produet for the elements of the ‘dual and the tensor product of positive spaces, we can trent the elements of positive spaces as they were numbers. So, our practical formulas look like the standard ones in the physical literature. The half-densities can be obtained as a by-product of He above algebraic scheme, This theory is extremely simple (for farther details see py. 2. ‘The classical theory ‘The general relativistic quantum theory requites a general relativistic classical space-time as a support. Therefore we sketch very briefly the following model of Galileian general relativistic mechanics, 2.1. Space-time ‘We assume space-time to be a 4-dimensional fibred manifold bor ay over a 1-dimensional oriented affine space T. We denote by 7 the vector space associated with T. ‘Thus, we assume the ‘absolute time’ T and the ‘absolute time function’ t. But wwe do not mention any ‘absolute spece’, as we do not assume any distinguished splitsing of the space-time fled manifold into a product of time and space. Any choice of such a local splitting will be associated with an observer; no distinguished observer is assumed, ‘We shall be involved with the tangent space TE and the vertical subspace VE ‘we recall the exact sequence of vector bundles over B 0 VETTE ExT—0 en A. Jadenyk et al, Galilet General Relativistic Quantum Mechenies 5 ‘The 1-et space JB plays an important role in the classial and quantum theory. We recall that JE — E is an alfine bundle associated with the vector bundle TQ VE — E. We shall be involved with the canonical bred morphisiss over E AKE>T OTE, 23) O:KE+TEOVE. cay hich provide a natural splitting of the above exact sequence over JE. A time unit of measurement (time-scale) is defived to be an oriented basis ty € ‘Tt. or its dual uw? € TH, We denote by (29,y!) the typical chart of B adapted to the fibring and to a time-scale up, The induced charts of TB, JE and TE are denoted by (2°.y's2%0i") «(2° uhuh) and (2°. y'ubo "isa, respectively Moreover, the corresponding local bases of veetor felds and Lforms of ETE and ILE ase denoted by (8,3) (Bp. 4s 4 +9; ) (Bo,24,08) and (da), (ahd), (da df), respectively In general, vertical restrictions will be denoted by‘ Capital Greek indices &, , ~ run from 0 to 3 and Latin indices i,j,k. ~ ran from 110 3. ‘The coordinate expressions of a and 9 are A=W Sm su O(O +0), Jade. iP}. (2.3) [A motion is defined to be a setion STE and its absolute velocity is described by the frst jet prolongation jer T AE. An observer is defined to bea section or BE. We remark that an observer is uothing but a connection on the fled manifold t: ET. Global observers exist, because of the affine structure of JsE — E.[Ac Jadeayk at aly, Gallet General Relativistic Quantum Mechanics 6 Each observer determines a splitting of the tangent bundle of space-time into its TEs (Bx T)3VE. Accordingly, we obtain the corresponding observed space-like component of the velocity of 2 given motion, |A frame of reference is defined to be » pair (uo,0), where tp isa time unit of measurement and o is an observer. Each space-time chart determines a frame of reference; conversely, several space-time charts are adapted to a given observer. ‘Thus, J) can-be considered as the target space both of the velocity of particles, land of observers 12.2. Metric and Connection We assume space-time to be equ up to. constant seal factor) gi B= AQS'VE, (6) where $ denotes the symmetric tensor product and A isa positive space. Thus, A represents the space of area units, We denote the square root of A by L. ‘The metrical linear Sbred isomorphism and its inverse will be denoted by. P:VESAGV'B, gf: VIE A OVE. en ipped with a Riemannian vertical metre (defined We do not assume spare-time to be orientable, or (equivalently) vertically of centable, The metric and time-Sbring yield a space-time and a space-lke “positive! volume forms [B= (TOV)OMTE, bl: B+V Se (28) ‘with coordinate expressions bl=Vilwoladadad, ml=VvulldaPad. (29) In order to introduce a further geometrical structure on space-time, we need some preliminary notions and results [A (generic) space-time connection is defined to be a di-preserving linear con- nection on the manifold B. This ean be equivalently regarded as torsion free afine connection on the affine bundle J\E —+ E: PAB >TEOTAE, A. Sadeayk et al Galilet General Rel 7 with coordinate expresion T= d*o(0 +19") =a Ode + (To'n wh + Lolo + (0's ve + Esto M@) @ (2.10) ‘The vertical valued 1-form associated with T is denoted by ur wp E+ T oT EVE. Let us consider the metric 9 and a space-time connection I. Then, we obtain the connection on the fibred manifold JyB — 7 given by peal: JEST eThE en) and the contact 2-form on the manifold Ji given by Qe wd: LE (AOT)ONT AE, (212) ‘which fall the properties yaM=0 dA ANAQANZD. (213) Conversely, 7 and 0 characterise P, through the above relations, The coordinate expressions of 7 and 90 are =u 9 (otuhd, +9120) = 3 (O + ¥b0, + (Pale utud + 2'o uf + Pate). (24s) = 95) 09 (dh 7" THO) AW (235) ‘Thus, © yields the volume form on the manifold J.B EAQNDAD: AE (WY OT ONT NE. We observe that the contact 2-form 0 restricts to the vertical symplectic form 0 associated with the vertical metric, but & has no dynamical role Given an observer o, et ea oNrE, ‘be the form B=200, (2.16)A. Jadeayk et al, Galilei General Relativistic Quantum Mechonies 8 Its coordinate expression in adapted coordinates is BEV C yl Ad + 5d Ad) ean) with fay —Top y= (Tae Py) (228) Now, we complete the structure of space-time by adding the gravitational con- nection and the electromagnetic field We denote the positive space of masses by M and obtain the space of charges Q = MEOLIOT We assume space-time to be equipped with a space-time connection PLEO TESTAE, ‘and 8 2-form F:BoMbaltanrs, ‘We soy that Tis the gravitational connection and F the electromagnetic field ‘The superscript‘ ** will abel objects related to the gravitational connection T* In particular, we have: year, Msumho. (229) ‘We stress that, as the metric is degenerate, it cannot determine fully the gravite- tional connection. Hence, we must assume that the gravitational feld is described both by the metric g and the connection F* ‘The sections #:T'—+ E , which fulfill the equality Vyie=0 (2.20) will be interpreted as ‘fee falling motions’ Given mass m € Mand a charge ¢ € Q, there is a natural way to deform the ssravitational space-time connection T¥, the related second order connection 7 and contact 2-form 2 into corresponding ‘dynamical’ objects I, and 9. through the electromagnetic field F We can start with 0, by ad contact 2 form. ‘Then, we can prove the following result. the electromagnetic 2-form to the gravitational ‘Theorem. Let m €M and g € Q be a given mass and charge and let Qetsosos oP A. Jadczyk et al, Gallet General Relativistic Quantum Mechenics 9 be the corresponding dynamical contact 2-form. Then, there exist a unique torsion fie affine connection T on the bundle J, —+ E and a unique connection + on the ‘bred manifold J,B —T, such that TeDP4r yatta (2.22) yea QSmpAd 42=0. (2.23) Nal tot ob the Lore fre mo OP) AE+T8(T aVE) (2.24) sed the stromag sein om rah tsaK:ne=- TROT OVE). (25) Moreover, the above objects full the following equalities year, -rav=o8 (2.28) We have the coordinate expressions Aim! + Fi vie" oat § LCF aad + 2P id + Ft) 908 228) ‘So, we have found a natural way to incorporate the electromagnetic and gravita- tional field sinto the geometric structures of space-time. We stress that the Loreat2 force has been derived and not postulated and thst the coupling ofthe gravitational connection and the electromagnetic field seems to be a non standard result, ‘The above coupling works well both in classical and quantura theories.A. Jndeayk et al, Galilei General Relativistic Quantum Mechanics 10 2.3. Field Equations Now, we want to introduce the gravitational and electromagnetic field equations We consider two equations: the fist one couples just the gravitational and electro- ‘magnetic fields, while the second one couples the gravitational and electromagnetic fields with the charged matter sources, We assume that, for any charge and mass, the corresponding dynamical contact 2-form 0 is closed, i. (1 field equation) 4220, VmeMgcd (2.29) After Jong computations, we can interpret the equation df = 0 in several inter esting ways. ‘Theorem. The equation d0 = 0 is equivalent to the system vo Realy = Ree (230) where @ is the contravariant metric tensor and F is the eurvature of T . Proposition. Given an observer o, the equation df = 0 is equivalent (in any ‘adapted chart) to 1 (Ona + 0. Toy +Pe= doy, Ta = Bone, d= 0. (2.81) We shall denote the local potential of & by a: BaP oaere. We stress that involves both the gravitational and electromagnetic fields ‘Theorem. ‘The equation df = 0,¥ m € Mya € Q, is equivalent to the system ai=0, dF =0. @ Moreover, we can couple the metric g and the dynamical connection P with the matter sources by means of the Einstein equation (2° Bld equation) r Y¥meM, 2€Q, (2.33) A. Jadeayk et al, Galil: General Relativistic Quantum Mechanics n where ris the Ricci tensor ofthe dynamical connection T and eis the energy tensor of matter. In particular, ifthe matter is constituted by a cherged incoherent Bid, the the above equation yields the Newton-Maxwell equation in & curved space-time. Now, let us consider the dynamics of classical charged particles in the given sravitational and electromagnetic field ‘The only observer independent approach to clasical mechanics can be achieved in terms of the dynamical connection 7. Namely, for the motion ¢: T'— E of a particle with mass m and charge q, we postulate the equation (Newton law) Vadis jsyos =O. (238) with coordinate expression Vy-s' = ans! = aos =0. (235) ‘The special relativistic Galilei classical felds and mechanics can be obtained as a particular ease of the previous model 3. Quantum Theory Now, we present our model for a quantum spinless charged particle of mass mm € Mand charge 9 € Q, interacting with given classical gravitational and electro ‘magnetic fields, in the classical Galileé general relativistic curved space- time, 3.1. Quantum Connection ‘The present: model is based essentially on the following main assumptions con- ceming ® quantum connection on a quantum bundle; ‘We assume the quantuin bundle to be a 1~dimensional complex bundle over the classical space-time n:QaE equipped with a Hermitean scaler product Fh: QxQ+6. ‘The sections W : E— Q describe the possible quantum histories. We shall rpormal complex charts for Q and write ¥ iA, Jadeayk et aly Galilei General Relativistic Quantum Mechanics Fey where y: E+ € is a complex function and b: B+ @ a normal basis (a gauge’) We observe that the quantum bundle lives on the space-time B. However, E does not carry sufficient information of the classical structure; for instance, I, and 2 live on JiB. Therefore, we are led to consider the pull-back bundie QS hERQ+KE of the quantum bundle Q —+ B with respect to JB —+ E. tn the present context, this bundle JE + E has to be interpreted as the space of classical observers. ‘Our main assumption is the following. We postulate a Hermitean linear complex. connection on the bundle Q— JE weQl aT) BeTQ, which is universal” (in the sense of (20)) and whose curvature ie (20, where h € ‘T* 9 A@M is the Planck constant. We stress that our assumption on the closure of the classical contact 2-form, turns out now to be an essential integrability condition for the existence of the quantum connection. In fnet, the equality aaa can be regarded as the Bianchi identity for the connection « ‘The coordinate expression of such e connection turns out to be of the type wo =HH/R yaph ay where ; H = m(donaibsd +00) (9) end ry =moard +0) (a) are the classical frame dependent Hamiltonian and momentum of the particle We stress that, in the classical context, any potential a of the observer dependent form @ can be chosen; however, in the quantum context, for each chart, we have to ‘choose just one local potential a of @, as w must be a global object. Therefore, the abore coordinate formula determines 4 only up to the differential of an imaginary function of B: ‘The condition 4 = 0 is just the coordinate expression of the universality of the connection «(Which is a frame independent condition). The requirement of A. Jadeayk et al, Galilei General Relativistic Quantum Mechanics 3 Universality is very important, because it allows us to skip the well known problem ‘of the choice of polarsations, by yielding the only canonical (i.e. general relativistic) polarisation, namely the Sehrédinger one ‘Thus, if ¥ : B+ Q isa section, then its ‘universal’ covariant differential (see also [20)) Ve: AE TESQ hhas coordinate expression, VW = (Gb + i(H/MW IE + (058 —ilpy/hyo}d) Wb, (a) Moreover, if o is an observer, then we obtaia the observed covariant differential V¥=V¥oo: E-TESQ, ‘whose coordinate expression in an adapted chart is VOW = (HE —FFaob hl + (Oy¥ — i Payp)) 05, (38) Now, we want to derive all other quantum structures and equations from the above assumption. But the quantum connection lives on the bundle QT, while we require that the physically significant objects live on the bundle Q. In fact, QT involves all observers, while Q does not involve any observer. We shall solve this problem by means of a projectablity criterion, which yields an effective heusistie procedure. Actually, each time we are looking for a physical object on Q, we shall, ‘meet two canonical analogous objects on QT and we shall prove that there is a unique (up to a scalar factor) combination which projects on Q. Then, we shall assume such a combination as the searched physical object. Given a section : B+ Q, we shall be concerned with the following canonical fibred morphisms over E b=,00: LE +ToTBOQ 6) Wes goV NEA OVEOQ 7) PWS AVe KET 2Q, (as) where V4 denotes the contravariant vertical quantum differential and gis the contact map. We have the following coordinate expressions baw omeh (3.9) PE = (md— iL /Rsn® Ob, (3.10) PHY = g(Oj0 ilps /HIO}B. OH, (3.1) where L is the clasical Lagrangian of the particle and (4 + 960). (3.12)A Jedeayk ot al, Galilei General Relativistic Quentum Mechanics “ 9.2. Quantum Dynamics Next, let us introduce the quantum dynamical equation, ie. the generalized Seliridinger equation, which takes into account the given gravitational field in our curved space-time, We arrive to the same result by following the projectabilty criterion in two independent ways. Let us consider a given section ¥: B+ Q. First, we observe that there is a natural way to define two T* -valued functions on J.B, namely Ly = AGTH) + AGTH, 9) HEAT, (a3) ty = MGonyte, 00): AE =T (4) ‘Then, we can easly see that there is a unique coupling of these abjects which projects onto a (observer independent) function on Ej namely, we obtain Ly siy-iy:E=T, (3.15) ‘with coordinate expression ley o(—5(O08 b — B Bow) aniasaee sri) (316) +501 Bd 6-8 B+ Flas We assume the above function to be the quantum Lagrangian responsible of the quantum dynamics First, the Lagrangian yiealds in a natural way the 4-momentum =TeTEsg, p a ° (dy ig OGVA) Ob, (a7 ‘There is» geometrical interpretation of it. In fact, we have two natural fred morphisms ftom J.B to T 3TESQ, nainely by #499: ET eTE3Q, (a8) patterns rersea re) A. Jadeayk et al, Galilei General Relativistic Quantum Mechanics 8 Thea, we can easly see that there is a unique coupling of these objects which projects onto a (observer independent) section over Ey namely, we obtain Dv = Bu iPe (3:20) Moreover, from the quantum Lagrangian (3.15),(8.16) we obtain a Euler-Lagrange ‘equation, whose coordinate expression is a iy + pos Ouw + Fi ashi, + anaes Mel -iZayy=o (321) aa not u ‘The firs lin of the above equation is apparently equal to the standard Schrddinger ‘equation, but we have to take into account that here a includes both the gravi tational and electromagnetic potentials. On the other hand, in the special Gallet case, the above equation reduces exactly to the standard Schrédinger equation. This equation can be re-written in a more compact way by introducing half density 200 Vil: B=Uge VINTEL at the place of ¥. Namely, this equation tums out to be in any chart adapted to & frame (u!, 0} iby (wy = - PL od.d Uw"), (3.22) where D isthe covariant derivative induced by the quantum covariant differential fon # associated with o, and D, is defined by the Riemannian covatiant differential, ‘on spacelike tensors, while Dy is defined on space-le 3-forms w by 44°7 where ss the space-time extension of induced bythe observer o, We know that Euler Lagrange operator is frame independent, hence, the bijection W — W allows us to say that the operator ree iD, + odd; Do + apa is frame-independent. We shall us t later to build the quantum energy operator. ‘There is a second geometrical approsch to the Schrédinger equation. In fact, there isa natural way to define two bred morphisms fro Jy to T* OQ, namely AVY: LE=TOQ, (3.23) Bd >: hE =TOQ, (aayA. Jadeayk et al, Galilei General Relativistic Quantum Meckenics 16 where © is the dual of the volume form v. Then, we can easily see that there it ‘8 unique coupling of these objects which projects onto a (observer independent) section on B; namely, we obtain Pot oy B= TQ. Moreover, compasiso in coordinates shows thatthe generalized Schrédinger equa tion ean be writen as " fu + ony =0. (325) By considering the invariance ofthe Lagrangian ner the action of the group U2), che Nother theorem yields the conserved current 1 ive} cuiipe) Mov) Bem E, (626) vith coordinate expression Jos Violbo dA nds (aig g(Goy8 — 2,50) —a'bo)P Ad'.-Ad. Ad), (8.27) ‘which will be interpreted as probability current 9.3. Quantum Lie Operators ‘The next step will be the introduction of quantum vector fields and operators. For this purpose we need some additional results from classical mechanics, ‘The contact 2-form 9 yields a bijection between vector fells on Jy. with a Bixed time component 7: JE — T and I-forms on JE which vanish on 7. If f is a function on JB, its ‘covariant differential’ with respect to 7 is a L-form vanishing fon 7. Hence yields the Hamiltonian lift ff of f with a given time-component 7. Its coordinate expression is fad + a+) Aoi appa, + (OF +(04 SIRF). (3.28) ‘We can prove that the Hamiltonian lft of fis projectable on a vector fied on B if and only if the function f is of the type f Fania + ab + fo (329) where 7 fo; fi are functions on B and the time component of the lift is just the above 7. We will call these functions quantisable functions. We can prove that quaatisable A. Jadeayk et al, Galilei General Relativistic Quantum Mechenics a functions constitute a natural Lie algebra of fonctions. On the other hand we ean classify the distinguished veetor feds of QT, which preserve the main classical and ‘quantum structures and prove that they are in bijections with functions on J4E, when a tite component 7: JE T is ied, according to the forma X}p SMF) tif, (3.30) where «() is the horizontal prolongation of the Hamiltonian prolongation of f. Morcover, we can prove that the above vector feds are projectable over vector fields of @ if and only ifthe function f is quantisable and the time component. + is just the one determined by f. We call these vector fields quantum vector flds ‘The map f+ X; between quantisable functions and quantum vector felds is given by 4 m Xp = 70-42 $'0, +i(r Baa ~ fast Joh (ast) and it turns out to bean isomorphism of Lie mlgebras Xp.Xp] = Xin (3.32) ‘The quantum vector fel actin a natural way on sections WP through Lie derivatives. However, this action will ead to non symimetric operators. In order to get operators symmetric with respect to the natural scalar product, we have to consider space-like halfdensities and the following natural setion X lH o Vin) = UX Vie (323) se. in coordinates X48 9 Vin) = (r(@uv ~ Fao) ~ +e SAU Vidi nd ad (3.24) 2 Jel We sot ¥j = iXys. We call the above operators quantum Lie operators. We ean easily prove that the above map isa Lie algebra isomorphism between quantisable functions and quantum Lie operators. In particular, we get the following quantum Lie operators for exemplary fone Ye") (52a) Yu") (8258) Yun") = —i(.9 + (ln Yow) Va Yl Ae Ad], — (8.250) Fun ¥) = io + (ln Viglw) Via @ yldt nd ad), (3.25d)A. Jadexyk et al, Galilei General Relativistic Quantum Mechanics 18 For each quantisable function f we get the following commutators: (3.28) BosYal = Moreover, we have WoasYe Woone¥ol = 82 (8pm Yaya = 0 (ax 4.4. The Hilbert Bundle Now, let us consider the double fbred manifold Q” + BT. We can introduce the infinite dimensional fbred set sQrsr whose fibre $,Q7, #€ 7, is defined to be the set of smooth sections By + Q?. Clealy ther is an ijetve map from the smooth sections #" : EQ" into sections: F + SQ. We donot ntrouce ony topiogy on SQ, bt jest deine the smooth sections of SQ" — Tas the which come ftom sacoth sections of QP =. This suc to develop the bse grometsel constrictions on SQ" IE parculac, we ean deine in a natural way a conaecton Von SQ” —T and Show that an opeater ofthe kind 0" + DO*, where Disa dierensnl operator St order bean be regarded as covariant derivative Wy OF with seapet to the Connecti “ The above construction are flly compatible with restrictions to subspaces of smooth sections Er —= Qf, t € T. In particular, they bold for the subrpace S°Q" ~T constituted by sooth sections Bi + Q? with compact support The Hermivean structure of Q" = T yinkds a pee-Hilwr stractare on S°QY —T tm particular, the Schringer operator can be regarded as @ connection on grr. Now. let us go back to quantum operators If the time component + of the quantsabe function f vanishes, i. fits quantum ‘vector fr is T-wertcal, then the amsoented quantara Lie operator ca be regerded ta Bred operator on S*Q™ More generally if the time component 7y off i nonraishing, then we propose the flowing naturalway of obtaining a bred operator on SEQ” Pedy arta 28) A. Jadeayk et al, Galil: General Relativistic Quantum Mechanics 19 ‘This is our quantisation formula. The comparison between this formula on S°Q* and the previous results on Q" can be summarised as follows: the quan op- ‘rators associated with time, position and momentsm, essentially coincide im the ‘so approaches. On the other hand, energy tums out to be derivative with respect to time in the fst approach aad the standard ‘Hamiltonian’ in the second one Moreover time, as 8 quantum operator, commutes with all other quantum oper ators (such quantum operators are known as superseection rules). We stress the fat that for each time we have got a diferent pre-Hilbert space and the oay link Deoween them is provided either by the Sditdinger connection or by an observer We can prove thot the quantum operators are symmettic. Hence they are good candidates for physical observables. They ean yield selfadjoint operators on a Hilbert bundle, by means of s completion procedure, under suitable hyphotesis fon space-time and potentials of the Belds. References fh] A. Japcavk, M. Movvaxo, A geometrical epproach to Galilei general ‘letivistie quantum mechanic, ( book in preparation) >] A. Messtaw, Quentum meckanies, Vol. 1, Hl II ( North-Holland, 1961) [S] J.J. 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