Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Rationale

The academic achievement of adolescents has been a major concern of

educators for years.The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship
between parenting styles and peer pressure to academic performance among
students in University of Cebu Pri GAS majors.
Educational exercises are adapted towards guaranteeing that understudies
accomplish authority of instructive goals. In school, the degree to which these
goals have been accomplished or controlled by the level of their parent's child
rearing style and associate weight that is reflected to their scholastic execution.
Child rearing style is a mind boggling action that incorporates numerous
particular practices that work separately and together to impact their tyke's
results. That build of child rearing style is utilized to catch typical varieties in
guardians' endeavors to control and mingle their children (Baumrind, 1991).
Peer pressure affects academic performance of the students. Peer pressure
may have a a positive effects and help to challenge or persuade one to do the
best. Operationally peer pressure is a force apply by individuals that is impacted
by thoughts, values and behavior either positively or negatively. 
Academic performance refers to the outcome of education; the degree to which
the understudy, educator or organization have accomplished their instructive
objectives. (Ward 2006).

According to the study of Norlizah Che Hassan., Hew Min (2015), indicated
that parent-children relationship changes significantly as children attained adult
age. During this period, parents’ role may change to being less active compared
to the early life stage of their children.The finding of this study showed there was
no significant relationship between authoritative parenting style and
undergraduates’ academic performance.

The aim of this study is to know the correlation between parenting style and peer

pressure to academic performance of Gas majors in University of Cebu-Senior

High School Building when dealing or how it may affect the academic

performances of the Gas student. The researcher also want to know how
 2

challenging to raise a child or children and what are the good and bad of being

influenced by other people around especially the peers or parents.

Theoretical Background

Baumrind Classification (as cited in Alarcon, 1997; Yahaya & Nordin,

2006) served as the basis of classifying parenting style. According to him, most

of the parents afect one of these parenting styles i.e. Authoritative, Authoritarian

and Permissive. The part that parents play in their kids' life Influence their

development (Collins, Maccoby, Steinberg, Hetherington and Bornstein, 2000).

Parenting style used by parents has an effect on the cognitive improvement of

their children (Alarcon, 1997). The Blackwell encyclopedia of social work (Davies,

2000) describes parenting as the task of doing all the things important for proper

physical, emotional, social and intellectual development of a child throughout his

life.

Baumrind stated that, parenting is described various proportion ofbalance among

responsiveness and demandingness by the parents in addition to mental control

exerted on the child. Darling (1999) explained parental responsiveness as the

degree to which parents deliberately cultivate uniqueness, self-control, and self-

affirmation by being adjusted, strong, and submissive to child's exceptional

needs and requests" while the parental demandingness can be uncovered in the

matter of how parents treat their children to show up encouraged into the family,

this is appeared by their advancement, supervision of adolescents, various

disciplinary endeavors and status to go up against the child who disobey.

 3

According to Bogenschneider, Small and Tsay (1997) capable parenting style is

the one having tender association with child. Berk (as cited in Alarcon, 1997) has

described 

Diana Baumrind’s parenting styles as:

Authoritative – demanding and responsive style of parenting

Authoritarian – demanding parenting style which is inert to necessities of the kid

Permissive – parenting style opposite to authoritarian style i.e. the one which is

responsive to child yet requests nothing from him.Authoritative parenting enables

the children to perform better and currently participating in their school exercises

accordingly expanding the odds of progress at school (Steinberg, Lamborn,

Dornbusch, & Darling, 1992). Despite having distinctive parenting style, all

parents wants to raise their children as cheerful and sure grown-ups.. Aunola,

Stattin and Nurmi (2000) identities of individuals make them powerless towards a

particular parenting style. Lamborn, Dornbusch, & Darling, 1992).The

authoritative parents control the activities of the children in a consistent and  

sensible way. These parent are requesting and tolerating, they acknowledge

oraldiscussions, clarify the kids the rationale behind their plans, and requests

their protests when they disagree (Grobman, 2003; Seid & Mikre, 2008).

The authoritarian parents maintain the strict control on the conduct and request

finish compliance from their children (Seid & Mikre, 2008).

The permissive parents are additionally affirming to the requests and activities of

their kids. They themselves give less obligations and assignments to their

childrens (Grobman, 2003).Despite having distinctive parenting styles, all parents

 4

want to raise their children as happy and confident adults. Aunola, Stattin and

Nurmi (2000) stated that the identities of individuals make them defenseless

towards a particular parenting style.

Based on the Parenting Style Theory, parents are the one who is responsible to

their child’s behavior because they are the one who raise their children according

to what style they are using. Parents with high parental warmth and supervision

are those parents whose children is more responsible and has more confident in

there self or what they call authoritative style of parenting. They recognizes the

ability of their children to stand alone or be independent. And it is related to the

Social Learning Theory which is, if the child’s behavior is highly appreciated by

their parents, it will give them hope to do good things and it is the time were they

will be given a reward but if they do the opposite side, they will be punished

according to their mistake.

In the study of RIVERS, J. JR.(2008), the purpose of the study was to test

the relationship between parenting style and academic achievement, and to

examine the mediating effects of motivation, goal orientation and academic self-

efficacy on this relationship.The researcherfound a significant

correlation between parenting style and the motivation sub-scales which is

report to maternal and paternal authoritative parenting style.the result of there

study shows a high impact to the parents and student.which is a background

information to the future researcher in term of psychological study.

Statement of the Problem

 5

This study aims to investigate the correlation of parenting style and peer

pressure to academic performance of Gas majors among selected students of

Senior High School GAS of University of Cebu- Pri Campus for the first semester

of academic year 2018-2019. The result of this study will be the basis of the

formulation of the guidelines in the development of being a parent and the

effective study habits of their children.

Specifically, it answers the following:

1. What is the profile in terms of:

1.1 parenting style;

1.2 level of peer pressure; and

1.3 class standing

2. Is there a significant relationship between parenting style and class standing?

3. Is there a significant relationship between level of peer pressure and class

standing?

4. Is there a significant relationship between parenting style and level of peer

pressure?

5. Is there a significant relationship between parenting style, level of peer

pressure and class standing?

This study is mainly conducted to examine the correlation of parenting styles and

peer pressure to academic performance of GAS majors. The following research

 6

questions guided the study:

1. Profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1 parenting style;

1.2 level of peer pressure; and

1.3 class standing of academic performance?

2. Significally this study intends to:

2.1 find out the relationship between parenting style and class study.

2.2 Determine the relationship between level of peer pressure and class

study.

2.3 Determine the relationship between parenting styles, levelof

peer.pressure, and class study.

Null Hypothesis

Ho1:

Ho2:

Ho3:

This study is conducted to determine the correlation of parenting style and peer

pressure to academic performance of Gas major . The following research

question of GAs major :

1.)demographic profile:

1.1perenting style;

1.2 level of peer pressure;and

 7

1.3 class standing?

2.)Is there a significant relationship between parenting style and ,class standing?

3.)Is there a significant relationship between level of pressure and class

standing? 4.)Is there a significant relationship between parenting style ,level of

peer pressure and class standing ?

Significance of the Study

The results of this study will be beneficial to the following people:

Teachers and Parent is one of the beneficiary because through this study they

can recognize the problem of the student who has a parent that is so crucial to

their children. They can also reflect on this study because some of the teachers

has already children and if they can relate this to there self the they can avoid the

bad deed the do to their children or student. This will also encourage them to

work better in their performance in motivating their students to improve their

learning’s and help their students in the difficulty of having a parent and a friend

like that. Student because some of the student are experiencing this kind of

situation and if they read this, they can relate to this topic and they will also know

the outcomes if they will continue this such thing, provides insights to them on

how they will improve their knowledge and they can also imagined the future

ahead of them if they will continue this bad deed or habits. Researcher, this study

will be useful to them by increasing more knowledge and information about the

topic. This will also serve as a foundation of their study and they can also reflect

to this study and by this, they can lessen or can give also knowledge to the
 8

people who are doing such things. Lastly is the future researcher, they will use

this as one of their guide/guidelines and basis when they do or conduct a

research that is related to this topic. This may also contain some information that

they did not know which they can use for more knowledge in research or

conducting their own research.

This investigation will fundamentally benefit the gas students since it is critical to

decide non-cognitive elements which have positive or negative effects on their

scholarly execution. Additionally, the discoveries will turn into a stepping stone to

develop a psycho-social atmosphere in understanding the relationship of child

rearing styles and associate strain to one's scholastic objective. This will also

enable them to build up a self-reflecting conduct in managing their own or social

situations and perceptions in the general public. 

The outcomes will enlarge the point of view of parents in managing their kids

particularly the individuals who are a piece of a flawless and non-unblemished

families, and so forth. As a major aspect of a child's development they can

upgrade their child rearing mindfulness and advance an all encompassing

condition towards the improvement of their childrens.

This study will primarily benefit to the student because it can help them to be

guided in every situation that they have .and they can also handle it clearly using

this as bases .Incorporating a research component along with a sound academic

foundation enables students to develop independent critical thinking skills along

with oral and written communication skill.student will be guided in terms of

 9

parenting style towards peer pressure . Second benefit is the parents it is very

important to the parents to access what are those things that really affect there

son/daughter performance and how does there parenting style give impact of

their children.by using this study parents will be aware in every style that they

apply in their parenting strategy. Lastly is the future researcher will be benefit in

this study because it can give them another information to use on their future

study.and it can also help them to be more creative researcher.

Scope and Limitations

This study is focused on the Correlation of Parenting Style and Peer Pressure to

Academic Performance of Gas Majors. This study is to be conducted in this

recent school year 2018-2019 in this particular semester.This served as the

research locale where the study was conducted.

The topic was chosen by the researchers because parenting style and

peer pressure is evident nowadays especially when it comes to academic

performance but the researcher also wants to know the effect of getting

influenced by someone and how parents raised their child in different way that

may lead to rebelism ( act of disagreeing with all appropriate authorities and just

doing whatever you want) . The researcher wants to inform the student who are

influenced by the peers that they must think twice before making any decision in

their life because having influenced by others can make your life miserable . And

to the parents also who raised their child a different way, they must think also
 10

what outcomes it may lead if they treat their child in an imperfect way. Because

parents are there to help, support and guide us in every path their children take.

This study is only limited to the student who are influenced by their peers and

how their parents raised them. The researcher will only require University of

Cebu- Senior High Campus’ students.

This study is all about of correlation of parenting style and peer pressure in

academic performance of GAS majors.this study is to be conducted in recent

school year 2018-2019 in this particular semester.

This study was chosen by the researcher because they want to know what

are the possible outcome in engaging in peer pressure, in which determine the

major effect in parenting style to peer pressure, which can lead them in doing

such .this study also give more information to student who rarely engage in peer

pressure .by this study student will be inform what are the cause and effect in

peer pressure against parenting style .this study is only limited to the student who

are influenced by their peers and how their parents raised them. The researcher

is only require to study in university of cebu senior high school students inside

the campus.

Definition of Terms

The following terms are defined conceptually in this study:

According to Turner, E (2018), parenting may have good and bad

outcomes in raising a child but some of it are questionable based on how parents
 11

raise their children that may affect their behavioral problems, mood difficulties,

and academic success. Aspects of demandingness and responsiveness are the

two dimensions which parents characterized. According to Pinquart et al. (2018),

there are four kinds of parenting style: first is the Authoritative Parenting which

have the highest expectation to their child, second is Authoritarian Parenting

which is the dictator or strict parents, third is the Permissive Parenting style

which is the moderate kind of parents and lastly is the Neglectful Parenting style

which means they don’t care to their child at all or the workaholic kind of parents

that they usually forget the obligation or the responsibility in raising a child.

According to American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (2018) that

peers has also a role in developing the social and emotional development of the

children and adolescent because it can help them to be mature and grow by

relying to their peers which has a good impact to them. But some of the peers

may also bring bad impact to the children and adolescent because the way they

influenced the other person is doing a bad deed (cutting classes, smoking or

using drugs, bullying, steal from others or cheat, etc). They make bad deeds in

order to fit in and they don’t want to be left out or they want someone to liked

them. According to Bell, M (2018), students’ success will be defined by reaching

higher education through their reports cards they bring home for a signature

because educational institution measures success through academic

performance. But in the past, they measure academic performance through ears

by observing the students or determining how well the students perform in a

 12

classroom or perform their best in order to meet their standard and this is how

the teacher evaluates the student.

Academic Performance is characterize as an information achieving

capacity or level of ability in school errands generally estimated by state

administered tests and express in a review or units in light of understudy's

execution (Trow, 1956).

Parenting Style is the standard techniques that parent use in raising their children

(Baumrind, 1967).

Peer Pressure is characterize as a positive or negative effect on the scholarly

execution (Ezzarrouki, 2016).

Authoritative parenting is operationally characterized as the parenting style in

which the parent gives clear and firm bearing to the child, is warm, sensible,

adaptable and open for a discourse.

Authoritarian parenting is characterized as the child rearing style in which

the parent is very mandate and expects unquestioning acquiescence from the

child. The style is described by parental separation, absence of parental warmth

and parental utilization of reformatory measures of control over the children.

Permissive parenting is characterized as the child rearing style characterized by

couple of parental requests of the kid and the conviction the child can direct his

or her own particular exercises. Permissive parents are warm and loving yet low

on control and tend to utilize at least discipline.

 13

Academic performance is define as educational goal of astudent.and its refer to

level of schooling you have successfully completed .and it’svery important in

terms of preparation on your future career.by this stage you can determine what

kind of student you are ,and how are you devoted to your studies.

Parenting style is define us construct representing standard strategies and also a

representation of how parents respond and demand to their children .parenting

style consist of three types. the authoritative,permissive,authoritarian.this 3 types

of parenting style can determine how your parents raise you.

Peer pressure is define as socialize with others.peer pressure is included a

friends who influenced your action or in terms of decision making.it is a group to

take a certain action,adopt certain values.and attempt to conform to the

expectations of the group .peer pressure has moved from strictly face to face

interaction to digital interaction as well.

 14

Chapter 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Review of literature gives an overview of the previous studies done

pertaining to current area of investigation. The literature review in this section

encapsulates the various studies undertaken that is relevant to parenting styles,

emotional intelligence and academic achievement of adolescents.

Related Literature

Psychologist Diana Baumrind is known for introducing parenting style,

these parenting styles are (1) authoritarian, (2) authoritative and (3) permissive.

She conducted a study on children studying in preschool, using various

techniques like parental interviews, observation and other research methods. As

a result, she manages to recognize the different dimensions of parenting styles,

these include expectations of adulthood behaviors and control, communication

styles, nurturance and disciplinary strategies. (Cherry, 2015)

Cherry (2015) and Baumrind (1996) suggested that most or majority of the

parents executes one of the three mentioned parenting styles.

However, Darling (1999) argues that there are four parenting styles,

including indulgent, authoritarian, authoritative and uninvolved. This category is

according to the parents high or low response and demands on their children. In
 15

addition, Darling describes the perspective of Baumrind by stating that all of the

four parenting styles that she had mention reflect differently on the patterns of

parental practices, behaviors and a different balance of demands and response

of the parents. From this different views of the author’s studies, it can be said that

parenting style can be categorized into two, the demanding and responsive.

Odongo, Aloka & Raburu (2016), sought to establish the influence of

parenting styles on adolescents in academic achievement in day secondary

schools in North Rachuonyo sub-country, Kenya. Using Baumrind’s techniques

with a target population of comprised of 2, 409-day secondary students enrolled

in KCSE in 2015 in 47 schools in Ranchuonyo North Sub- Country. The sample

size was comprised of 263 secondary school students and 10 principals were

randomly selected for interviews. Their study finds out that authoritative parents

were very accommodating and responsive to their children’s feelings and

encouraged them to be expressed what was really on their minds. The

authoritative parents also respect their children’s opinions, compliment their

children and sometimes use threats as a form of punishment. These parents

could also criticize openly the behavior of their children and had struggled to

change how their children's feeling about something. On the other hand,

permissive parents find it difficult to discipline their children, they tend to spoil

them and ignore their bad behaviors. This parenting style has a bad influence on

the child’s academic performance and the more permissive a parent is, the less

likely their children will perform well in the class. Those parents who neglect and
 16

are not concerned about their children’s welfare, may it be in class or on their

social development could harm their children’s academic performance.

Hamid Masud, Muhammad Shakil Ahmad, Farzand Ali Jan, Ahmad Jamil

(2015) undertook this study with the aim to examine the relationship of parenting

styles, self-efficacy and academic performance. The data was collected from 313

participants from academic departments of different universities in one district of

Pakistan. The findings of this study show that there is no direct relationship

between any parenting styles and the academic performance of adolescents.

The results support the findings of Rivers et al. (2012) which say that either there

may be other individual variables that influence or strengthen the relationship

between parenting styles and academic performance or because of the fact that

once parents get old, the role of parenting and their control decreases and they

have no more influence on the education of adolescents.

This study was made with the purpose of exploring the relationship

between parenting styles, academic achievement and the career path of students

at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. 310 students out of 1600 students were

selected randomly for the sample. The findings show that there was a meaningful

relationship between authoritarian parenting style and educational achievement.

They also show that there is also a meaningful relationship between firm

parenting style, authoritarian parenting style, educational achievement and

career path of the students Zahra Zahed Zahedani, Rita Rezaee, Zahra Yazdani,

Sina Bagheri, and Parisa Nabeiei (2016).

 17

Bankole Emmanuel Temitope and Ogunsakin Funmi Christy (2015)

examined in this study the influence of peers on the academic performance of

secondary school students in Ekiti State. 225 students were used as the sample

for this study. 125 were male and 100 were female. The results of this study

show that peers do have a big influence over the daily functions and routines of

secondary school students.

Related Studies

Vijila, Y., Thomas, J. Ponnusamy, A. (2013), parenting styles plays a

crucial role in the development of their children especially in their social,

emotional and cognitive skills for processing perspective taking and behavioral

such as conversation skills for their successful social adaptation. Parents plays a

significant role especially in guiding their children towards the different kinds of

people around them. Individuals differences influencing their ability to make

themselves more successful. Parenting style has a positive influence on the

social competence of the adolescents. These parents are able to balance the

emotional responsiveness and respect their child's autonomy. Honkins, D.,

(2014), consequences of parenting of adolescent outcomes constitute the basic

ecology where children's behavior is manifested, learned, encouraged, and

surpressed. The period of adolescent can be difficult for both parents and

children, therefore, understanding the importance of maintaining high quality

parenting is particularly essential. The way of parents in supporting their offspring

can lead their children in a good adaptation and better development.

 18

Mounts and Steinberg (1995) addressed how parenting style impacted the

degree to which an adolescents behavior is influenced by peers' behavior.

Parents has a big impact on the growth of their child it is also important that

parents will give their children a good start and to recognize that kids come into

this world with their own temperaments and eventually prepares a child for

complete independence.

Zahedani, Z., Rezaee, R. and Nabeiei, P. (2016), addressed the influence

of parenting style on academic achievement and career path. Parents have an

important role in identifying children's talent and guiding them. The correct

interaction of parents and children be more valued and parents familiarize their

children with roles of business in society and the need for employment in

legitimate businesses.

With regard to the Philippine environment, with its distinctive culture,

differences exist in different communities, different families and different people.

We can see that this country’s culture is going through many changes both

personally, socially and in terms of education and academic achievement. In this

context, it shows that there is a need to understand different parenting styles and

their correlation with a child’s academic performance. Every child is different and

so is every parent, that means different styles affect children in a different way.

Some parents may believe that their style is effective when in actuality, their child

may respond better with a different style. Now when it comes to peer pressure it

also has different effects and receives different responses from people. We have

to understand the positive and negative effects it may have on the academic
 19

performance of adolescents. The need to examine the relationship of parenting

styles and peer pressure on academic achievement in the Philippines context

has necessitated a study in this direction.

Chapter 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
 20

This chapter present the steps and procedures that the researchers used

in conducting the study. It introduces the details of research design, respondents

of the study, research locale, instrumentation method of data collection, analysis,

sample, and interpretation of data.

Research Design

The Researchers employed a research design which focused on

the descriptive correlation of parenting styles and peer pressure to Academic

performance of GAS major senior high school students. As stated by Cristobal

(2003) that this study used the survey approach of conducting research, it also

utilize the descriptive survey and the correlational procedures,Gay (1976) defines

descriptive research as involving the current status of the subject of the study.

Research Environment

This study was conducted in the Senior High School Campus which

was located at J. Alcantara St. The university was built in 2017 by Atty. Augusto

W. Go. that offers senior high school programs to the students. Its vision is to

“democratize quality education; the visionary and industry leader, and give hope

and transform lives” so as its mission is to offer affordable and quality education

responsive to the demands of local and international communities. It promotes

the core values “ICARE” which stands for innovation, camaraderie, Alignment,

Respect and Excellence.

 21

Research Respondents

The respondents of this study will be the students that are selected

from the GAS majors of Senior High School in UC campus PRI. This researcher

generally focuses on the parenting styles and the peer pressure of the students.

The respondents that will be involved in this study are mainly the student that

experienced peer pressure.

They will be chosen on the basis of the Purposive Sampling. These sampling

will be used in order to get the exact representation of respondents of this study.

Research Instruments

The questionnaire will be the major instrument in this study so that we are

secure to our certain questions. The questionnaire that was used in this study

was made to obtain information on the parenting style and peer pressure that is

being implemented in our school. Open ended questions will be used to give the

respondents the opportunity to give their responses and suggestions.

Data Collection Procedure

The researchers finalized the interview questionnaires. Then, they asked

for an approval to conduct surveys through submitting transmittal letter to the

principal of the Senior High School Department. Afterwards, a schedule was set

to conduct survey to the GAS major students in their vacant time by the

researchers to avoid distraction. The researchers gave a short briefing to the

respondents for them to understand the purpose of this survey.They distributed

 22

the research instruments properly to the respondents. The respondents were

interviewed individually and were given 10 to 15 minutes to finish answering the

interview questions. After interviewing the 30 respondents, the researchers tallied

and tabulated the response of the respondents. These data became the basis of

the analysis and interpretation.

Data Analysis Procedure

This study utilize anova or f-test in analyzing the data that was collected

from the survey conducted. Define Anova with citation. According to Taylor, C.

(2017) Analysis of variance, or Anova, is  a technique from statistical interference

thatallows us to deal with several populations.

There are two factors relating to academic performance of GAS major students.

One is the parenting style and the other one is the peer pressure. Aftercomputing

the statistical data using the results were presented into table. Then, the

researcher interpreted the results.

REFERENCES
 23

Baumrind, D. (1967). Child care practices attending three patterns of preschool

behaviors. Genetic psychology Monographs, 75(1), 43-88.

Baumrind, D. (1966). Effects of authoritative parental control on child behavior.

Child Development, 37(4), 887-907.

Odongo, A . , Aloka, P. , & Raburu, P. (2016). Influence of parenting styles on the

adolescent students’ academic achievement in Kenyan day secondary

schools. Journal of Education and Practice, 7(15), 101-108.

Sarwar, S. (2016). Influence of parenting style and children’s behavior. Journal of

Education and Educational Development, 3(2), 222-249.

Cherry, K. (2015). Parentings: What they are and why they matters. Retrieved

from http://psychology.about.com/od/developmentalpsychology/a/parenting-

style.htm.

Darling, N. (1999). Parenting style and its correlates. ERIC Digest ED427896.

Retrieved from http://www..ericdigests.org/1999-4/parenting.htm

Musad, H., Muhammad Shakil, A., Ali Jan, F., & Jamil, A. (2016). Relationship

between parenting styles and academic performance of adolescents: mediating

role of self-efficacy. Asia Pacific Education Review, 17 (1), 1-12. DOI:

10.1007/s12564015-9413-6.

Zahed Zahedani, Z., Rezaee, R., Yazdani, Z., Bagheri, S.,Nabeiei, P. (2016).
 24

The influence of parenting style on academic achievement and career

path. Journal of Advances in Medical Education & Professionalism, 4 (3), 130

134.

Temitope, E., & Ogunsakin, C. (2015). Influence of peer group on academic

performance of secondary school students in Ekiti state. International

Journal of Innovative Research & Development, 4 (1), 324-331.

APPENDICES

Appendix A
 25

Transmittal Letter

Prof. Abelardo T. Tejo Jr.

Principal- SHS-Department
University of Cebu Main-Campus
Sanciangko St., Cebu City

Sir,
Good Day!
We, the students from General Academic Strand (GAS) Grade 12 1P
Providence would like to ask permission from your good office to conduct an
interview in University of Cebu-Main-Campus. This is inline with our research
study entitled “Correlation of parenting style and peer pressure to GAS majors.”
We will be conducting an interview to some students from the University,
specifically to selected grade 12 GAS students, since they will be our
respondents in this study. We assure your office that the information that we will
get from our respondents will remain confidential and this shall be used for
educational purposes only.
We’re hoping for your positive response regarding this matter. Thank You
and God bless!

Respectfully yours,
Alaisa M Radiamoda
Group 3 Leader
Noted by:
Mr. Alvin Cunado
Practical Research 2 Teacher
Approved by:
 26

ABELARDO T. TEJO JR.

Senior Highschool Department Principal
27
 Chapter 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter present the steps and procedures that the researchers used

in conducting the study. It introduces the details of research design, respondents

of the study, research locale, instrumentation method of data collection, analysis,

sample, and interpretation of data.

Research Design

The Researchers employed a research design which focused on

the descriptive correlation of parenting styles and peer pressure to Academic

performance of GAS major senior high school students. As stated by Cristobal

(2003) that this study used the survey approach of conducting research, it also

utilize the descriptive survey and the correlational procedures,Gay (1976) defines

descriptive research as involving the current status of the subject of the study.

Research Environment

This study was conducted in the Senior High School Campus which

was located at J. Alcantara St. The university was built in 2017 by Atty. Augusto

W. Go. that offers senior high school programs to the students. Its vision is to

“democratize quality education; the visionary and industry leader, and give hope

and transform lives” so as its mission is to offer affordable and quality education

responsive to the demands of local and international communities. It promotes

 30

the core values “ICARE” which stands for innovation, camaraderie, Alignment,

Respect and Excellence.

Research Respondents

The respondents of this study will be the students that are selected

from the GAS majors of Senior High School in UC campus PRI. This researcher

generally focuses on the parenting styles and the peer pressure of the students.

The respondents that will be involved in this study are mainly the student that

experienced peer pressure.

They will be chosen on the basis of the Purposive Sampling. These sampling

will be used in order to get the exact representation of respondents of this study.

Research Instruments

The questionnaire will be the major instrument in this study so that we are

secure to our certain questions. The questionnaire that was used in this study

was made to obtain information on the parenting style and peer pressure that is

being implemented in our school. Open ended questions will be used to give the

respondents the opportunity to give their responses and suggestions.

Data Collection Procedure

The researchers finalized the interview questionnaires. Then, they asked

for an approval to conduct surveys through submitting transmittal letter to the

principal of the Senior High School Department. Afterwards, a schedule was set
 31

to conduct survey to the GAS major students in their vacant time by the

researchers to avoid distraction. The researchers gave a short briefing to the

respondents for them to understand the purpose of this survey.They distributed

the research instruments properly to the respondents. The respondents were

interviewed individually and were given 10 to 15 minutes to finish answering the

interview questions. After interviewing the 30 respondents, the researchers tallied

and tabulated the response of the respondents. These data became the basis of

the analysis and interpretation.

Data Analysis Procedure

This study utilize anova or f-test in analyzing the data that was collected

from the survey conducted. Define Anova with citation. According to Taylor, C.

(2017) Analysis of variance, or Anova, is  a technique from statistical interference

thatallows us to deal with several populations.

There are two factors relating to academic performance of GAS major students.

One is the parenting style and the other one is the peer pressure. Aftercomputing

the statistical data using the results were presented into table. Then, the

researcher interpreted the results.

 32

REFERENCES

Baumrind, D. (1967). Child care practices attending three patterns of preschool

behaviors. Genetic psychology Monographs, 75(1), 43-88.

Baumrind, D. (1966). Effects of authoritative parental control on child behavior.

Child Development, 37(4), 887-907.

Odongo, A . , Aloka, P. , & Raburu, P. (2016). Influence of parenting styles on the

adolescent students’ academic achievement in Kenyan day secondary

schools. Journal of Education and Practice, 7(15), 101-108.

Sarwar, S. (2016). Influence of parenting style and children’s behavior. Journal of

Education and Educational Development, 3(2), 222-249.

Cherry, K. (2015). Parentings: What they are and why they matters. Retrieved

from http://psychology.about.com/od/developmentalpsychology/a/parenting-

style.htm.

Darling, N. (1999). Parenting style and its correlates. ERIC Digest ED427896.

Retrieved from http://www..ericdigests.org/1999-4/parenting.htm

Musad, H., Muhammad Shakil, A., Ali Jan, F., & Jamil, A. (2016). Relationship

between parenting styles and academic performance of adolescents: mediating

role of self-efficacy. Asia Pacific Education Review, 17 (1), 1-12. DOI:

10.1007/s12564015-9413-6.
 33

Zahed Zahedani, Z., Rezaee, R., Yazdani, Z., Bagheri, S.,Nabeiei, P. (2016).

The influence of parenting style on academic achievement and career

path. Journal of Advances in Medical Education & Professionalism, 4 (3), 130

134.

Temitope, E., & Ogunsakin, C. (2015). Influence of peer group on academic

performance of secondary school students in Ekiti state. International

Journal of Innovative Research & Development, 4 (1), 324-331.

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APPENDICES

Appendix A

Transmittal Letter

Prof. Abelardo T. Tejo Jr.

Principal- SHS-Department
University of Cebu Main-Campus
Sanciangko St., Cebu City

Sir,
Good Day!
We, the students from General Academic Strand (GAS) Grade 12 1P
Providence would like to ask permission from your good office to conduct an
interview in University of Cebu-Main-Campus. This is inline with our research
study entitled “Correlation of parenting style and peer pressure to GAS majors.”
We will be conducting an interview to some students from the University,
specifically to selected grade 12 GAS students, since they will be our
respondents in this study. We assure your office that the information that we will
get from our respondents will remain confidential and this shall be used for
educational purposes only.
We’re hoping for your positive response regarding this matter. Thank You
and God bless!

Respectfully yours,
Alaisa M Radiamoda
Group 3 Leader
Noted by:
Mr. Alvin Cunado
Practical Research 2 Teacher
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Approved by:
ABELARDO T. TEJO JR.
Senior Highschool Department Principal
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