PROSE AND POETRY

It is submitted to fulfill Prose and Poetry Final Test

Lecturer: Eri Rahmawati, M.A.

Submitted by:
Dewi Mariana Siahaan
2223121280
IV B

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
TEACHERS TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY
SULTAN AGENG TIRTAYASA UNIVERSITY
2013
 ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FINAL TEST 2013/2014

Subject: PROSE & POETRY

Lecturer : Dra. Hj. Nurhaeda G, M.Hum., / Eri Rahmawati, M.A.
Code / Class : ING 310 / IV A, B, C, D
Date : 18 June 2014
Time : 60 minutes

READ THE INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY AND DO IT

THOROUGHLY!

1. Re-write your own poem (in the mid test) and analyze its elements of poetry!
2. Analyze the elements of prose (in this case, novel) in The Adventures of
Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain!

DO YOUR BEST!
1. POEM

My Mom
You are the sunlight in my day
You are the moon I see far away
You are the tree I lean upon
You are the one that makes troubles be gone

You are the one who has helped me to dream

You hear my heart and you hear my screams
Afraid of life but looking for love
I’m blessed for God sent you from above

You are my friend, my heart, and my soul

You are the greatest friend I know
You are the words inside my song
You are my love, my life, my mom

Elements of Poetry
1. What is Poetry?
It is difficult to define; we have been more successful at describing and appreciating poetry
than at defining it. Poetry might be defined, initially, as a kind of language that says more and
says it more intensely than does ordinary language. William Wordsworth defined poetry as
"the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings, recollected in tranquillity." Poetry is the
most condensed and concentrated form of literature, saying most in the fewest number of
words.
2. Reading the Poem:
a. Read a poem more than once. b. Keep a dictionary by you and use it. c. Read so as to hear
the sounds of the words in your mind. Poetry is written to be heard: its meanings are
conveyed through sound as well as through print. Every word is therefore important. d.
Always pay careful attention to what the poem is saying. e. Practice reading poems aloud.
Ask yourself the following questions: i. Who is the speaker and what is the occasion? ii.
What is the central purpose of the poem? iii. By what means is the purpose of the poem
achieved?
3. Denotation and Connotation:
Denotation: Word meanings are not only restricted to dictionary meanings. The full meaning
of a word includes both the dictionary definition and the special meanings and associations a
word takes in a given phrase or expression.
- You are the one that makes troubles be gone
- You are the one who has helped me to dream
- You hear my heart and you hear my screams
 - You are my friend, my heart, and my soul
- You are the greatest friend I know
This is the literal or denotative meaning.

But we have certain associations with the word: sunlight, moon, tree, heart, soul, words,
and life. These are the suggestive, figurative or connotative meanings.
Connotations are what it suggests beyond what it expresses: its overtones of meaning. It
acquires these connotations by its past history and associations, by the way and the
circumstances in which it has been used.

4. Imagery:
- You are the sunlight in my day
- You are the moon I see far away
- You are the tree I lean upon
- You are my friend, my heart, and my soul
- You are the words inside my song
- You are my love, my life, my mom

5. Figurative Language 1:
Metaphor:
- You are the sunlight in my day
- You are the moon I see far away
- You are the tree I lean upon
- You are the words inside my song

Personification occurs when you treat abstractions or inanimate objects as human, that is,
giving them human attributes, powers, or feelings (e.g., "nature wept" or "the wind whispered
many truths to me")
I don’t use personification in my poem.
Metonymy is similar to synecdoche; it's a form of metaphor allowing an object closely associated
(but unattached) with a object or situation to stand for the thing itself (e.g. the crown or throne for a
king or the bench for the judicial system).
There is not the example of metonymy in my poem
6. Figurative Language 2:
A symbol is like a simile or metaphor with the first term left out. "My love is like a red, red
rose" is a simile. If, through persistent identification of the rose with the beloved woman, we
may come to associate the rose with her and her particular virtues. At this point, the rose
would become a symbol.
I don’t use any symbol to deliver the point of my poem
Allegory can be defined as a one to one correspondence between a series of abstract ideas
and a series of images or pictures presented in the form of a story or a narrative. For example,
George Orwell's Animal Farm is an extended allegory that represents the Russian Revolution
through a fable of a farm and its rebellious animals.
My poem doesn’t have allegory element
7. Figurative Language 3:
This poem use Allusion, a reference to something in history or previous literature, is, like a
richly connotative word or a symbol, a means of suggesting far more that it says. Allusions
are a means of reinforcing the emotion or the ideas of one's own work with the emotion or
ideas of another work or occasion. Because they are capable of saying so much in so little,
they are extremely useful to the poet.
8. Tone and Musical Devices:
Alliteration: the repetition of initial sounds on the same line or stanza - Big bad Bob bounced bravely.
- You hear my heart and you hear my screams
- Afraid of life but looking for love

Assonance: the repetition of vowel sounds (anywhere in the middle or end of a line or stanza) -
Tilting at windmills.
-
You are the sunlight in my day
-
You are the moon I see far away
-
You are the one that makes troubles be gone
-
I’m blessed for God sent you from above
-
You are my friend, my heart, and my soul
-
You are the words inside my song
-
You are my love, my life, my mom

Consonance: the repetition of final consonant sounds, as in "first and last," "odds and ends,"
"short and sweet," "a stroke of luck,".
-
You are the one that makes troubles be gone

Rhyme: the combination of assonance and consonance. Rhyme is the repetition of the
accented vowel sound and all succeeding sounds.
This poem do not have rhyme.

9. Rhythm and Meter:

The term rhythm refers to any wave like recurrence of motion or sound. Meter is the kind of
rhythm we can tap our foot to. Metrical language is called verse; non metrical language is
prose.
The foot is the metrical unit by which a line of poetry is measured; it usually consists of one
stressed or accented ( ' ) and one or two unstressed or unaccented syllables ( - ).
Name of Foot Name of Meter Measure
Iamb Iambic -'
Trochee Trochaic '-
Anapest Anapestic --'
Dactyl Dactylic '--
 Spondee Spondaic ''
Pyrrhus Pyrrhic --
The secondary unit of measurement, the line, is measured by naming the number of feet in it.
A line that ends with a stressed syllable is said to have a masculine ending and a line that
ends with an extra syllable is said to have a feminine ending. A pause within a line is called
a caesura and is identified by a double vertical line (||). A line with a pause at its end is called
end-stopped line, whereas a line that continues without a pause is called run-on line or
enjambment. The following metrical names are used to identify the lengths of lines:
Length Name
one foot Monometer
two feet Dimeter
three feet Trimeter
four feet Tetrameter
five feet Pentameter
six feet Hexameter
seven feet Heptameter
eight feet Octameter
My Mom
You are the sunlight in my day
You are the moon I see far away
You are the tree I lean upon
You are the one that makes troubles be gone

You are the one who has helped me to dream

You hear my heart and you hear my screams
Afraid of life but looking for love
I’m blessed for God sent you from above

You are my friend, my heart, and my soul

You are the greatest friend I know
You are the words inside my song
You are my love, my life, my mom
2. ELEMENTS OF PROSE FICTION
The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain
1. Setting :
a. Place: In Missouri, In Illinois and on Jackson's Island, In Kentucky: the
Grangerfords and Shepherdsons, In Arkansas: the duke and the king, On the
Phelps' farm, St. Petersburg, Raft, Cairo, Ohio River, Pike County, Bricksville,
Pikesville
b. Time: Before the civil war, roughly 1835-1845,
c. Climate: hot, muggy, and swampy
2. Atmosphere:
The atmosphere in the book isn't threatening like they won't make it alive, there is
always a kind of gay atmosphere. The events don't impress me, but they are fascinating
me enough to read the story on. The end can be predicted but that doesn't bother me.
The whole story is well built-up and everything is in the right proportions. All together
the end can go on with it
3. Character:
-
Huckleberry Finn is a boy about thirteen or fourteen. He has been brought up
by his father, the town drunk, and has a hard time fitting into society. Tom
Sawyer and his friends occasionally call him "Huck Finn".
-
Widow Douglas is the kind lady who has taken Huck in after he helped save
her from a violent home invasion. She tries her best to civilize Huck, believing
it is her Christian duty.
-
Miss Watson is the widow's sister, a tough old spinster who also lives with
them. She is fairly hard on Huck, causing him to resent her a good deal.
Samuel Clemens may have drawn inspiration for her from several people he
knew in his life.[4]
-
Jim is Miss Watson's big, mild-mannered slave to whom Huck becomes very
close in the novel, when they reunite after Jim flees Miss Watson to seek
refuge from slavery, and Huck and Jim become fellow travelers on the
Mississippi River.
-
Tom Sawyer is Huck's best friend and peer, the main character of other Twain
novels and the leader of the town boys in adventures, is "the best fighter and
the smartest kid in town".[4]
-
"Pap" Finn, Huck's father, is the town drunk. He is often angry at Huck and
resents him getting any kind of education. He also returns to Huck whenever
he needs more money for alcohol.
-
Judith Loftus plays a small part in the novel — being the kind and perceptive
woman whom Huck talks to in order to find out about the search for Jim —
but many critics believe her to be the best female character in the novel.
-
The Grangerfords, an aristocratic Kentuckian family headed by the
sexagenarian Colonel Saul Grangerford, take Huck in after he is separated
from Jim on the Mississippi. Huck becomes close friends with the youngest
male of the family, Buck Grangerford, who is Huck's age. By the time Huck
meets them, the Grangerfords have been engaged in an age-old blood feud
with another local family, the Shepherdsons.
-
The duke and the king are two otherwise unnamed con artists whom Huck and
Jim take aboard their raft just before the start of their Arkansas adventures.
They are featured prominently throughout the novel, duping many local
townspeople with their various get-rich-quick schemes. The middle-aged
"duke" claims to be the long-lost Duke of Bridgewater (though he mistakenly
says "Bilgewater" and is sometimes called this by the king), while the elderly
"king" claims to be the long-lost Dauphin of France, and so is sometimes
called "Capet" by the duke.
 -
Mary Jane, Joanna, and Susan Wilks are the three young nieces of their
wealthy guardian, Peter Wilks, who has recently died. The duke and the king
try to steal the inheritance left by Peter Wilks, by posing as Peter's estranged
brothers from England.
-
Aunt Sally and Uncle Silas Phelps, are the two people whose nephew Huck
poses as, after he abandons the duke and king. She is a loving, but high-strung
lady, and he a plodding old man, both farmer and preacher.
-
Doctor Robinson is the only man who recognizes that the King and Duke are
phonies when they try to pretend to be British. He warns the town but they
ignore him.

4. Theme:
There isn't a real theme, I think. It's just a report from day to day. When I should say a
theme I'd say slavery, mistrust and stealing are not the best thing you can do or have.
Their motive to escape is for Huck his dad and for Jim slavery. They'll have to help
each other because they are both committing a crime: Helping a slave to escape and
being a runaway slave.

5. Plot:
-
Exposition
One day the king has Huck tie up the raft so that they can ride on a steamboat. On
shore they meet a talkative young man who mistakes the king for Mr. Wilks, the
brother of Peter Wilks who has just died.
"He most desperately wanted to see Harvey--and William, too,...because he was one
of them kind that can't bear to make a will.
Interested, the king asks the young man all about the Wilks family, and he learns that
the man has left three or four thousand dollars. 
-
Conflict
The king and the duke arrive at the Wilks place and feign grief at learning that they
have arrived too late. After the daughter Mary Jane produces her father's will, the two
rapscallions "ransack" all around for the money; when they find it, they add $415.00
of their own to make the amount come to the six thousand cash that was written about
in Wilks's letter.
The duke suggests making a show of giving the money to the girls in order to allay
any suspicions about them. However, Doctor Robinson appears and accuses the king
of being a fraud, telling the girls to turn their backs on the scoundrel. But, Mary Jane
shows her faith in the king by handing him the $6000.00.
Later, Huck finds the bag of money and takes it, hiding it in the coffin of Peter Wilks.
On the next day, the coffin is sealed and Huck does not know whether the rapscallions
have found it; however, they later question Huck about its whereabouts. He convinces
the king and the duke that the slave family has taken it. But after Huck finds Mary
Jane crying because her "uncles" are liquidating the estate and the slaves will be
separted from their family, Huck blurts out his secret.
-
Climax
 When the real relatives arrive, and Dr. Robinson again denounces the king and the
duke, who cannot produce the $6000.00, a lawyer who is a friend of Peter Wilks asks
the two con men to write their names, because the real William cannot write because
of his broken arm, and he also signs for the handicapped Havey, nothing can be
proved. But, the real William says his brother has a tattoo on his chest. The undertaker
declares that he has seen no such tattoo, but opens the coffin to reveal the $6,000.00.
The mob is in a uproar.
-
Resolution
The rapscallions escape the scene at the Wilks's, but they become hated figures to
Huck and Jim. When Huck and the two con men go ashore after they have traveled a
ways, Huck learns that Jim has been captured as a runaways slave. He resolves to find
his friend, defying convention and just "go to hell" for his actions.

6. Plot Techniques:
Foreshadowing: The author uses parallels and juxtapositions more so than explicit
foreshadowing, especially in his frequent comparisons between Huck’s plight and
eventual escape and Jim’s plight and eventual escape.

7. Point of View: Huck’s Point of View, although the author occasionally indulges in
digressions in which he shows off his own ironic wit