Professional Documents
Culture Documents
BAB 3 Budidaya Ikan Hias
BAB 3 Budidaya Ikan Hias
Tugas Pengamatan
,VSJLVMVN1SBLBSZB 73
#BHBJNBOB QFOEBQBU LBNV NFMJIBU JLBO IJBT ZBOH
CFSBOFLBSBHBNXBSOBEBOCFOUVLOZB 4FNVBJUVNFSVQBLBO
BOVHFSBI EBSJ 5VIBO ZBOH QBUVU LJUB TZVLVSJ BUBT LFJOEBIBO
EBO LFSBHBNBO KFOJT JLBO IJBT ZBOH BEB EJ *OEPOFTJB *LBO
IJBT QBEB VNVNOZB EJQFMJIBSB PMFI QBSB IPCCJFT
NFSFLB
NFOHFMVBSLBO CBOZBL VBOH VOUVL NFOZBMVSLBO IPCCJOZB
4FLBSBOHJLBOIJBTTVEBICBOZBLEJCVEJEBZB
CFCFSBQBBMBTBO
ZBOH NFOEVLVOH JLBO IJBT EJCVEJEBZB
ZBJUV
*OEPOFTJBNFNJMJLJLFBOFLBSBHBNBOIBZBUJZBOHTBOHBUCFTBS
UFSNBTVLKFOJTKFOJTJLBOIJBTBTMJZBOHEBQBUEJFLTQMPJUBTJ
BUBV EJCVEJEBZBLBO #BOZBL KFOJT JLBO IJBT ZBOH UFSTFCBS
EJ XJMBZBI QFSBJSBO *OEPOFTJB
CBJL EJ BJS UBXBS
QBZBV
NBVQVO EJ BJS MBVU
4QFTJFT JLBO IJBT BJS UBXBS EJQFSLJSBLBO TQFTJFT EBSJ
UPUBM TQFTJFT
%JEVOJBJLBOIJBTBJSMBVUEJQFSLJSBLBOTFLJUBSTQFTJFT
ZBOH IJEVQ EJ MJOHLVOHBO UFSVNCV LBSBOH
8JMBZBIQSPEVLTJJLBOIJBT*OEPOFTJBUFSTFCBSEJ1SPWJOTJ
4VNBUFSB#BSBU
4VNBUFSB6UBSB
+BNCJ
%,*+BLBSUB
+BXB
#BSBU
+BXB 5FOHBI
+BXB 5JNVS
#BMJ
,BMJNBOUBO #BSBU
,BMJNBOUBO5JNVS
4VMBXFTJ4FMBUBO
4VMBXFTJ6UBSB
4VMBXFTJ
5FOHBI
4VMBXFTJ5FOHHBSB
.BMVLV
1BQVB
1BQVB #BSBU
#FSEBTBSLBO EBUB UBIVO
*OEPOFTJB CBSV NFOHVBTBJ
EBSJQFSEBHBOHBOJLBOIJBTEVOJBNBTJIUFSUJOHHBM
EBSJ 4JOHBQVSB ZBOH NFODBQBJ
4FCBOZBL
FLTQPS JLBO IJBT 4JOHBQVSB NFSVQBLBO
JLBO IJBT BTBM *OEPOFTJB
1BOHTBQBTBSFLTQPSJLBOIJBT*OEPOFTJBBEBMBI4JOHBQVSB
$JOB
)POHLPOH
.BMBZTJB
+FQBOH
,PSFB4FMBUBO
64"EBO
&SPQB
#VEJEBZBJLBOIJBTEJLFNCBOHLBOVOUVLNFNFOVIJLFJOHJOBO
QBSBIPCCJFTEBOQFSNJOUBBOFLTQPS
ZBOHNBNQVNFOHIBTJMLBO
EFWJTB OFHBSB DVLVQ CFTBS )BM JOJ NFSVQLBO QFMVBOH CBHJ
QFOHFNCBOHBOCVEJEBZBJLBOIJBT*OEPOFTJB*LBOIJBTBEBMBI
KFOJT ZBOH NFNJMJLJ CFOUVL UVCVI ZBOH VOJL EFOHBO BOFLB
XBSOB
ZBOHVNVNOZBEJKVBMTFCBHBJPSOBNFOU IJBTBO
EBMBN
BLVBSJVN $POUPI JLBO IJBT ZBOH EJCVEJEBZBLBO BOUBSB MBJO
LPJ
OFPO UFUSB
LPLJ
DVQBOH
guppy
Yellow tangs
Blue tags
ClownfisI EBO TFCBHBJOZB
74 ,FMBT7***4.1.5T4FNFTUFS**
JLBO IJBT QBEB UBIBQ QFNCFTBSBO ,FHJBUBO QFOEFEFSBO EBO
QFNCFTBSBOJLBONFSVQBLBOLFHJBUBOCVEJEBZBZBOHNFNFMJIBSB
CFOJIJLBOTBNQBJCFSVLVSBOUFSUFOUVEBOTJBQVOUVLEJQBOFO
BUBVQVO NFOKBEJ JOEVL
,VSJLVMVN1SBLBSZB 75
1. Jenis-Jenis Wadah Budidaya Ikan Hias
a) Kolam
1FSOBILBI LBNV NFMJIBU LPMBN EJ MJOHLVOHBO TFLJUBS
LBNV 4FQFSUJBQBCFOUVLLPMBNZBOHEJUFNVLBOEJEBFSBI
LBNV ,PMBN ZBOH CJBTB EJHVOBLBO EBMBN QFNFMJIBSBBO
JLBO IJBT BEBMBI KFOJT LPMBN QFSNBOFO UFSCVBU EBSJ
UFNCPL
BUBV ZBOH EJ CVBU EBSJ UFSQBM EFOHBO LPOEJTJ
BJS ZBOH KFSOJI )BM JOJ CFSUVKVBO BHBS JLBO IJBT ZBOH EJ
QFMJIBSB CJTB EJMJIBU TFDBSB KFMBT TFCBHBJ PCKFL IJBTBO EBO
CFCBT EBSJ QFOZBLJU
b) Bak
#BL ZBOH VNVNOZB EJHVOBLBO EBMBN CVEJEBZB JLBO
IJBT CBL GJCFS 8BEBI CBL EJHVOBLBO VOUVL QFNFMJIBSBBO
JLBO QBEB MBIBO ZBOH TFNQJU EBO QSBLUJT *LBO IJBT ZBOH
EJQFMJIBSB QBEB CBL GJCFS BEBMBI JLBO IJBT ZBOH CFSVLVSBO
CFTBS BUBV CFSVLVSBO LFDJM UFUBQJ EBMBN KVNMBI CBOZBL
(BNCBS
Sumber: Dok. Kemdikbud
Gambar 3.3. Bak fiber budidaya
ikan hias
76 ,FMBT7***4.1.5T4FNFTUFS**
c) Akuarium
"LVBSJVN BEBMBI TBMBI TBUV XBEBI CVEJEBZB ZBOH
EJHVOBLBOVOUVLQFNFMJIBSBBOTFLBMJHVTBKBOHrefresingQBSB
IPCCJFTLBSFOBNBNQVNFOKBEJQFOHIJCVSEBSJLFKFOVIBO
"LVBSJVNBEBMBIXBEBIZBOHQBMJOHNFNVOHLJOLBOVOUVL
EJMBLVLBO QSPTFT CVEJEBZB EBO QFNFMJIBSBBO EJ TFUJBQ
UFNQBU TBOHBU GMFLTJCFM
,VSJLVMVN1SBLBSZB 77
QFSTFHJQBOKBOH#FSEBTBSLBOQFOHBNBUBOLBNVQBEB-,
#BHBJNBOB CFOUVL LPMBN ZBOH BEB EJ MJOHLVOHBO LBNV
a) Pencucian wadah
8BEBI ZBOH BLBO LJUB HVOBLBO IBSVTMBI EJDVDJ CFSTJI
EFOHBOUVKVBOVOUVLNFOHIJMBOHLBOEBSJKBNVSEBOLPUPSBO
Sumber: Dok. Kemdikbud ZBOH NFOFNQFM QBEB XBEBI CVEJEBZB 1FODVDJBO LPMBN
Gambar3.6. Pencucian bak UFNCPL BUBV CBL TFCBJLOZB EFOHBO DBSB NFOZJLBU
MFCJI
78 ,FMBT7***4.1.5T4FNFTUFS**
CBJL UBOQB NFOHHVOBLBO TBCVO BUBVQVO EFUFSHFO LBMBV
QVO EJQBLBJ NBLB IBSVT EBMBN KVNMBI ZBOH TFEJLJU EBO
EJCJMBTEFOHBOUVOUBTUBOQBNFOJOHHBMLBOSFTJEV1FODVDJBO
BLVBSJVN EJMBLVLBO EFOHBO NFOHHVOBLBO TQPO BUBVQVO
LBJO
NJOJNBMLBO QFOHHVOBBO TBCVOEFUFSHFO
Sumber: Dok. Kemdikbud
b) Pengeringan wadah Gambar 3.7 Pencucian akuarium
1SPTFT QFOHFSJOHBO EJMBLVLBO EFOHBO QFOKFNVSBO
EJCBXBI TJOBS NBUBIBSJ
c) Pengisian air
1SPTFTQFOHJTJBOBJSEJMBLVLBOIBSJTFCFMVNQFOFCBSBO
JLBO JOJ CFSUVKVBO BHBS EBMBN XBEBI CVEJEBZB TVEBI
UVNCVIQMBOLUPOZBOHCJTBEJHVOBLBOTFCBHBJQBLBOBMBNJ
,VSJLVMVN1SBLBSZB 79
LEMBAR KERJA-3 (LK-3)
,FMPNQPL
/BNB "OHHPUB ,FMPNQPL
,FMBT
a) Perencanaan
.FOFOUVLBO KFOJT XBEBI CVEJEBZB JLBO IJBT
.FNCVBUEFTBJOEBOLPOUSVLTJXBEBICVEJEBZBJLBOIJBT
.FOZVTVO LFCVUVIBO BMBU EBO CBIBO EJTFTVJLBO EFOHBO
VLVSBO BLVBSJVN ZBOH BLBO EJCVBU
.FOZVTVO KBEXBM QFNCVBUBO XBEBI CVEJEBZB
.FOFUVLBO UVHBT UJBQ JOEJWJEV
80 ,FMBT7***4.1.5T4FNFTUFS**
a) Persiapan bahan dan alat.
#BIBO EBO BMBU ZBOH EJHVOBLBO TFCBHBJ CFSJLVU
C 6LVSBOLBDBZBOHBLBOEJQPUPOHJOJEJTFTVBJLBOEFOHBO
CFOUVLBLVBSJVNZBOHBLBOEJCVBU HBNCBS
%BMBN
NFNCVBU QPUPOHBO QPUPOHBO LBDB
MFNCBSBO LBDB
EJCVBUQPMBOZBUFSMFCJIEBIVMVEFOHBONFOHHVOBLBO
TQJEPM EBO QFOHHBSJT CFTJ 1PMB ZBOH TVEBI EJCFOUVL
EBQBU MBOHTVOH EJQPUPOH EBQBU EJMJIBU QBEB HBNCBS
Sumber: Dok. Kemdikbud
Gambar 3.12.. Mengukur kaca
,VSJLVMVN1SBLBSZB 81
D 6OUVL NFNPUPOH LBDB HVOBLBO BMBU QFNPUPOH
LBDBZBOHCBOZBLEJKVBMEJUPLPCFTJ (BNCBS
B 1FNCFSJBOMFNQBEBQJOHHJSBOLBDB
ZBOH BLBO EJTBUVLBO 1FNCFSJBO
MFNIBSVTNFSBUBEFOHBOLFUFCBMBO
ZBOH TBNB5FNQFMLBO LBDB ZBOH
TVEBI EJCFSJ MFN .FOFNQFMLBO
LBDBLBDB TFIJOHHB NFNCFOUVL
BLVBSJVN
Sumber: Dok. Kemdikbud
Gambar 3.15. Menempelkan kaca
82 ,FMBT7***4.1.5T4FNFTUFS**
NFOHBNBUJ LFNVOHLJOBO CBHJBOCBHJBO ZBOH CPDPS
Keselamatan Kerja
1BEBQSPTFTLFHJBUBOCVEJEBZBLBNVQFSMVNFNBIBNJLFTFMBNBUBOLFSKB
5JQT EJCBXBI JOJ QFSMV EJQFSIBUJLBO TBBU LFHJBUBO EJMBLVLBO
)BUJ o IBUJ TBBU NFOHHVOBLBO BMBU QFNPUPOH
)BUJIBUJTBBUNFOHHVOBLBOMFNLBDBLBSFOBBQBCJMBUFSLFOBUBOHBOBLBO
UFSBTB QBOBT
Catatan:
5VHBT EJQSFTFOUBTJLBO UFSMFCJI EBIVMV TFCFMVN NFNVMBJ QSBLUJL QFNCVBUBO XBEBI
-BLVLBO SFWJTJ EBSJ NBTVLBO ZBOH EJCFSJLBO
,VSJLVMVN1SBLBSZB 83
Evaluasi Diri
Refleksi Kelompok
,BNV UFMBI NFMBLTBOBLBO QSBLUJL LFHJBUBO QFNCVBUBO XBEBI CVEJEBZB JLBO IJBT CFSTBNB
LFMPNQPL#BHBJNBOBIBTJMOZB "QBLBILFMPNQPLLBNVTVEBINFOHFSKBLBOLFHJBUBOEFOHBOCBJL
&WBMVBTJMBILFMPNQPLQFNCVBUBOXBEBICVEJEBZBJLBOIJBT*TJMBIMFNCBSLFSKBEJCBXBIJOJEFOHBO
NFMFOHLBQJ UBCFM #FSJ ULBNV DFLMJT W
TFTVBJ KBXBCBO LBNV EBO TFSUBLBO BMBTBOOZB
Evaluasi
Evaluasi Diri
Diri
Renungkan dan Tuliskan pada selembar kertas!
6OHLBQLBO IBTJM ZBOH EJDBQBJ TFUFMBI NFNQFMBKBSJ
XBEBI CVEJEBZB JLBO IJBT NFOHFOBJ IBM IBM CFSJLVU
84 ,FMBT7***4.1.5T4FNFTUFS**
B. Budidaya Pemeliharaan Ikan Hias
1. Jenis-jenis Ikan Hias Air Tawar
*OEPOFTJBNFNJMJLJCBOZBLKFOJTJLBOIJBTBJSUBXBS.FOVSVU
DBUBUBO,FNFOUFSJBO,FMBVUBOEBO1FSJLBOBO
TBBUJOJUFSEBQBU
MFCJIEBSJTQFTJFTJLBOIJBTBJSUBXBSZBOHEJQFSEBHBOHLBO
TFDBSBHMPCBM%BSJKVNMBIJUV
*OEPOFTJBNFNJMJLJTQFTJFT
OBNVOIBOZBTQFTJFTZBOHEJCVEJEBZBLBOTFDBSBMVBTPMFI
NBTZBSBLBU
*LBOIJBTBJSUBXBSTFCBHJBOCFTBSEJQSPEVLTJVOUVLLFCVUVIBO
IPCJEBOTFCBHJBOMBHJVOUVLLFQFOUJOHBOQFOFMJUJBO#FCFSBQB
JLBO IJBT BJS UBXBS BTBM *OEPOFTJB ZBOH NFOKBEJ QSJNBEPOB
QBTBSEJBOUBSBOZBBSXBOBEBODVQBOH*OEPOFTJBKVHBCFSIBTJM
NFOEPNFTUJLBTJJLBOJNQPSTFQFSUJLPLJ
koi, discusEBOguppy
#FSJLVU JOJ CFCFSBQB KFOJT JLBO IJBT BJS UBXBS ZBOH CFSOJMBJ
FLPOPNJ UJOHHJ ZBOH QBMJOH CBOZBL EJDBSJ EBO CFSQPUFOTJ
VOUVL EJCVEJEBZBLBO
,VSJLVMVN1SBLBSZB 85
TJGBU BHSFTJG $VQBOH CJTB NFSPCFLSPCFL TFTBNBOZB EBMBN
QFSUFNQVSBO ZBOH CFSMBOHTVOH CFSKBNKBN MBNBOZB *LBO
DVQBOH TBOHBU NVEBI EJCVEJEBZBLBO EBMBN CFSCBHBJ TLBMB
SVNBI UBOHHB
#VEJEBZBDVQBOHSFMBUJGNVEBI
LBSFOBUJEBLNFNFSMVLBO
UFNQBUZBOHMVBTEBMBNQSPTFTQFNJKBIBOOZB. *LBOJOJCFSLFNCBOH
CJBL EFOHBO DBSB CFSUFMVS EBO UFMVSOZB NFOFNQFM QBEB
TVCTUSBU TFQFSUJ BLBS UBOBNBO
EBVOEBVO EBO TFSBCVU SBQJB
#FSEBTBSLBOCFOUVLTJSJQOZB
JLBODVQBOHEJCFEBLBONFOKBEJ
CFCFSBQB KFOJT
ZBJUV
Sumber: Wikipedia.com
Gambar 3.19. Ikan Cupang setengah bulan
Sumber: Wikipedia
Gambar 3.20. Cupang serit
86 ,FMBT7***4.1.5T4FNFTUFS**
3. Plakat Halfmoon CFOUVLCBEBOOZBIBNQJSNJSJQEFOHBO
DVQBOH MBHB UBQJ KFOJT NFNQVOZBJ FLPS EBO TJSJQ ZBOH
MFCJI MFCBS EBO JOEBI
Sumber: Wikipedia.com
Gambar 3.21. Cupang Halfmoon
,VSJLVMVN1SBLBSZB 87
.BTLPLJTVEBIMBNBEJCVEJEBZBLBOTFDBSBMVBTEJ*OEPOFTJB
4FOUSBQSPEVLTJLPLJUFSCFTBSBEBEJ5VMVOHBHVOH
+BXB5JNVS
,PUB JOJ NFNQSPEVLTJ MFCJI EBSJ KVUB FLPS JLBO NBT LPLJ
TFUJBQUBIVO
TFCBHJBOCFTBSEJUVKVLBOVOUVLQBTBSEPNFTUJL
TFCBHJBOLFDJMMBJOOZBVOUVLFLTQPS.FTLJIBSHBQFSFLPSOZB
SFMBUJG NVSBI
JLBO JOJ NVEBI EJCVEJEBZBLBO TFDBSB NBTTBM
88 ,FMBT7***4.1.5T4FNFTUFS**
h) Discus (Symphysodon discus)
Discus CFSBTBMEBSJQFSBJSBO"NB[PODisebut discus LBSFOB
CFOUVLOZB TFQFSUJ QJSJOHBO disk
EFOHBO XBSOBXBSOJ ZBOH
BUSBLUJG 4JGBU JLBO JOJ TBOHBU UFOBOH EBO HFSBLBOOZB MBNCBU
TFIJOHHBEJTFCVUSBKBBLVBSium. UkVSBOZBOHQBMJOHCFTBSCJTB
NFODBQBJ EJBNFUFS DN (BNCBS
4FDBSBHMPCBMQFSEBHBOHBOLPNPEJUBTJLBOIJBTBJSUBXBS
KBVI MFCJI CFTBS EBSJ JLBO IJBT BJS MBVU
ZBLOJ NFODBQBJ
)BM JOJ UFSKBEJ LBSFOB JLBO IJBT BJS UBXBS CJTB EJCVEJEBZBLBO
TFEBOHLBOJLBOIJBTBJSMBVUIBOZBCFSBTBMEBSJIBTJMUBOHLBQBO
TFSUB NBTJI UFSCBUBT VOUVL EJCVEJEBZBLBO 1FSNJOUBBO JLBO
IJBT BJS UBXBS TFNBLJO NFOJOHLBU
%BSJTJTJLFSBHBNBO
UFSEBQBUMFCJIEBSJKFOJTJLBOIJBT
BJSUBXBSNBVQVOMBVUZBOHNFOKBEJLBNVMBOFLTQPS#JBTBOZB
JLBO IJBT ZBOH MBZBL FLTQPS
CJBTBOZB EJTFMFLTJ CFSEBTBSLBO
FOBNLSJUFSJB
ZBLOJVLVSBO
KFOJTJLBO
LFTFSBHBNBO
LFVOJLBO
CFOUVLEBOXBSOB
CFCBTQFOZBLJUEBOEBZBBEBQUBTJUFSIBEBQ
MJOHLVOHBO+FOJTKFOJTJLBOIJBTMBVUZBOHEJFLTQPSNFNJMJLJ
XBSOBXBSOB ZBOH NFODPMPL TFQFSUJ
,VSJLVMVN1SBLBSZB 89
1. Blue tangs
#MVF5BOH BUBV EJ *OEPOFTJB CJBTB EJ TFCVU EFOHBO OBNB
-FUUFSTJYBUBV%PSJBEBMBIJLBOZBOHJOEBIVOUVLBLVBSJVNBJS
MBVU*LBOBLVBSJVNBJSMBVUIBSVTNFOBSJLEBOBLUJG -FUUFSTJY
NFNCVUVILBO CBOZBL SVBOH VOUVL CFSFOBOH
2. Yellow Tangs
Yellow TangsBEBMBIKFOJTJLBOIFSCJWPSBZBOHCFSBTBMEBSJ
)BXBJJ
"NFSJLB 4FSJLBU HBNCBS
1PQVMFS EJ QFMJIBSB EJ
BLVBSJVN Yellow tangs NFSVQBLBO JLBO ZBOH DVLVQ UBOHHVI
EBOUJEBLNVEBIUFSKBOHLJUQFOZBLJUEBOwhite spot*LBOZBOH
UFSCJMBOH CFSVLVSBO LFDJM JOJ NFNFSMVLBO SVBOH HFSBL ZBOH
MVBT LBSFOB EBQBU CFSFOBOH QVMVIBO LJMP NFUFS ,.
TFUJBQ
Sumber: Wikipedia.com IBSJOZB VOUVL NFODBSJ NBLBO
Gambar 3.28. Yellow Tangs
3. Clownfish / Badut
*LBOCBEVUBUBVclownfishNFSVQBLBOTBMBITBUVKFOJTJLBO
ZBOHCBOZBLEJDBSJ (BNCBS
*LBOJOJIJEVQQBEBEBFSBI
QFSBJSBO USPQJT EBOHLBM EBO CFSTJNCJPTJT EFOHBO BOFNPO
TFCBHBJIBCJUBUOZB *LBOCBEVUUFSHPMPOHKFOJTJLBOPNOJWPSF
NFNBLBOMBSWBDSVTUBDFB
QBSBTJUQBEBBOFNPOEBOBMHB*LBO
JOJ EJLFOBM BHSFTJG EBMBN NFOKBHB UFSJUPSJOZa.
4. Butterfly fish
Butterflyfish atau ikan kupu kupu BEBMBI LFMPNQPL
JLBO MBVU USPQJT EFOHBO XBSOB ZBOH NFODPMPL
LFCBOZBLBO
EJUFNVLBOEJEBFSBIUFSVNCVLBSBOHQFSBJSBO"UMBOUJL
)JOEJB
EBO 4BNVESB 1BTJGJ
UFSEBQBU TFLJUBS TQFTJFT EBMBN
OFHBSB
90 ,FMBT7***4.1.5T4FNFTUFS**
CVUUFSGMZGJT CFSMBQJTEBObutterfly fishQFMBOB
UVNCVITBNQBJ
DN JODI
*LBOJOJNFNJMJLJQPMBXBSOBZBOHTBNBUFSMJIBU
QBEBTBZBQLVQVLVQV
CFOUVLUVCVIMBUFSBMTFNQJUEBONVEBI
UFSMJIBUTBBUCFSBEBEJUFSVNCVLBSBOHButterflyfishNFNJMJLJ
TJSJQ NFOZBNCVOH EFOHBO TJSJQ FLPS ZBOH NFNCVMBU
a) Bahan
#FOJI
#FOJIBEBMBIBOBLBOJLBOEBSJNVMBJNFOFUBTTBNQBJ
VLVSBO UFSUFOUV JLBO ZBOH BLBO EJHVOBLBO UFSHBOUVOH
KFOJTCVEJEBZBZBOHBLBOEJMBLVLBO1BEBGBTFQFNCFTBSBO
CJBTBOZBNFNVMBJQFNFMJIBSBBOEBSJVLVSBOCFOJI#FOJI
ZBOHEJHVOBLBOCFSVNVSIBSJ
EJQJMJICFOJIZBOHTFIBU
ZBOH NFNJMJLJ ULBNVULBNV CFSFOBOH EFOHBO HFTJU EBO Sumber: Dok. Kemdikbud
MJODBI Gambar3.31.Benih
1BLBO
1BLBO NFSVQBLBO TVNCFS FOFSHJ EBO OVUSJTJ VOUVL
QFSVCBIBOJLBO1BLBOZBOHEBQBUEJCFSJLBOCFSVQBQBLBO
BMBNJEBOQBLBOCVBUBO1BLBO BMBNJ BEBMBI QBLBO ZBOH
EJLPOTVNTJPMFIPSHBOJTNFZBOHCFSBTBMEBSJBMBN1BLBO
BMBNJ ZBOH EJHVOBLBO VOUVL QBLBO JLBO IJBT EBO CFOJI
CFSVQB QMBOLUPO
ZBJUV PSHBOJTNF ZBOH IJEVQ NFMBZBOH
MBZBOHQBEBQFSBJSBO1MBOLUPOZBOHCFSTJGBUOBCBUJEJTFCVU
GJ PQMBOLUPO EBO QMBOLUPO ZBOH CFSTJGBU IFXBOJ EJTFCVU
[PPQMBOLUPO$POUPIGJ PQMBOLUPOZBOHTVEBIEJCVEJEBZBLBO
BEBMBI Euglena
Tetraselmis EBO TFCBHBJOZB TFEBOHLBO
DPOUPI [PPQMBOLUPO CFSVQB moina
rotifera
EBO dapnia
1BLBO BMBNJ BLBO UVNCVI EFOHBO LPOEJTJ QFSBJSBO ZBOH
TVCVS
NBLBJUVQFSMVEJMBLVLBOQSPTFTQFNVQVLBOBUBVQVO
Sumber: Dok. Kemdikbud
QFOBNCBIBO QSPCJPUJL QBEB XBEBI CVEJEBZB Gambar3.32. A. Fitoplankton
B. Zooplankton
,VSJLVMVN1SBLBSZB 91
1BLBOCVBUBOEJPMBIEFOHBOGPSNVMBTJCBIBOUFSUFOUV
TFTVBJEFOHBOLFCVUVIBOTFUJBQKFOJTJLBO1BLBOCVBUBO
CJBTB CFSCFOUVL QFMMFU
QBTUB NBVQVO MFNCBSBO 1BLBO
CVBUBO EJCFOUVL CFSEBTBSLBO LFCVUVIBOOZB BEB KFOJT
DSVNCMF
HMBOVSB
MFNCBSBOGMBL
0CBUPCBUBO
Sumber: Dok. Kemdikbud
Gambar3.33. Pakan Buatan / Pellet 1BEB QSPTFT QFNFMJIBSBBO TBOHBU NFNVOHLJOLBO
NVODVMOZB QFOZBLJU JLBO )BM JUV EBQBU EJIJOEBSJ EFOHBO
NFOHFOEBMJLBO LVBMJUBT BJS BHBS UFUBQ TUBCJM +FOJTKFOJT
PCBUPCBUBO ZBOH TFSJOH EJHVOBLBO VOUVL JLBO .FUIJMFO
CMVF QFOZBLJUZBOHEJTFCBCLBOKBNVS
,BMJVNQFSNBOHBOBU
QFOZBLJUZBOHEJTFCBCLBOKBNVS
.BMBTJUHSFFO QFOZBLJU
ZBOH EJTFCBCLBO QBSBTJU HPMPOHBO QSPUP[PB
b) Alat
8BEBI #VEJEBZB *LBO )JBT
8BEBI ZBOH CJBTB EJHVOBLBO VOUVL JLBO IJBT CFSVQB
BLVBSJVN "LVBSJVN ZBOH BLBO LJUB HVOBLBO EJQBTUJLBO
EBMBN LPOEJTJ CFSTJI EBO UJEBL CPDPS HBNCBS
Sumber: Dok. Kemdikbud
Gambar3.34. Wadah akuarium
*OTUBMBOTJ "FSBTJ
4FMBJOXBEBIZBOHCBJL
LJUBKVHBIBSVTNFNQFSIBUJLBO
JOTUBMBOTJBFSBTJ
CJBTBOZBBHBSBFSBTJUJEBLUFSMBMVLFODBOH
NBLB EJ VKVOH TFMBOH FSBTJ CJBTBOZB NFOHHVOBLBO CBUV
BFSBTJ"FSBTJCJBTEJBUVSEFOHBONFOHHVOBLBOLSBOBFSBTJ
92 ,FMBT7***4.1.5T4FNFTUFS**
2) Pemeliharaan
,FHJBUBOQFNFMJIBSBBOZBOHQFOUJOHEJMBLVLBOTFUJBQIBSJ
BEBMBI QFOZFEPUBO LPUPSBO EBO QFOHHBOUJBO BJS NJOJNBMOZB
NJOHHV TFLBMJ BUBV LFUJLB BJS TVEBI NVMBJ LFSVI 6OUVL
NFOHVSBOHJ UVNCVIOZB QFOZBLJU
TFSUB QFOHVLVSBO LVBMJUBT
BJS ZBJUV TVIV
UJOHLBU LFBTBNBO EBO PLTJHFO UFSMBSVU
C 1FOZBLJUTrichodiniasis
1FOZBLJU JOJ EJTFCBCLBO PMFI Trichodina sp. 1BSBTJU JOJ
CBOZBL UFSKBEJ QBEB JLBO VLVSBO CFOJI UFSVUBNB BQBCJMB
CFSBEB EBMBN LFBEBBO TUSFTT ZBOH EJTFCBCLBO BOUBSB MBJO
PMFILFQBEBUBOUJOHHJ
QFOBOHBOBOZBOHLVSBOHTFNQVSOB
QFNCFSJBOQBLBOZBOHLVSBOHUFQBU NVUVNBVQVOKVNMBIOZB
UFSVUBNB QBEB LFBEBBO UFNQFSBUVSF SFOEBI (FKBMB LMJOJT
,VSJLVMVN1SBLBSZB 93
ZBOH EJUVOKVLLBOOZB BEBMBI JLBO ZBOH UFSJOGFLTJ CJBTBOZB
NFOHHPTPLHPTPLBO CBEBOOZB QBEB EBTBS BUBV EJOEJOH
CBLBUBVLPMBN
D 1FOZBLJUTetrahymena
1FOZBLJUUFSTFCVUEJTFCBCLBOPMFITetrahymenapyriformis
EBQBU NFOHJOGFLTJ LVMJU EBO TJSJQ 0SHBOJTNF QFOZFCBC
QFOZBLJUUFSTFCVULBMBVEJMJIBUEFOHBONJLSPTLPQCFSCFOUVL
TFQFSUJCVBIQFBS(FKBMBLMJOJTOZBBEBMBIJLBOZBOHUFSJOGFLTJ
NFOHPTPLHPTPLLBO UVCVIOZB QBEB EBTBS BUBV EJOEJOH
CBL
TFSUBNFOHJCBTOHJCBTLBOTJSJQOZB1FOHPCBUBOEBQBU
NFOHHVOBLBOAcriflavinNHMBJSEFOHBODBSBQFSFOEBNBO
TFMBNBoNFOJU
94 ,FMBT7***4.1.5T4FNFTUFS**
E 1FOZBLJUDBDJOH
$BDJOHUFSTFCVUCJBTBOZBUFSEBQBUQBEBJOTBOHNBVQVO
LVMJU $BDJOH KFOJT Dactylogyrus TQ EBO Gyrodactylus TQQ
TFSUB Quadriacanthus TQ NFSVQBLBO QBSBTJU ZBOH CBOZBL
NFOZFSBOH JLBO CVEJEBZB
UFSVUBNB ZBOH VLVSBO LFDJM
(FKBMBLMJOJTOZBBEBMBIGSFLVFOTJQFSOBGBTBOHFSBLBOJOTBOH
CFSUBNCBI DFQBU
JLBO CFSXBSOB MFCJI HFMBQ EBO TFSJOH
NFOHHPTPLHPTPLLBOUVCVIQBEBEBTBSBUBVEJOEJOHCBL
EBOMBNBMBNBJLBONFOKBEJLVSVT Sumber: Dok. Kemdikbud
Gambar. 3.40. Dactylogyrus
1FOBOHHVMBOHBOQBSBTJUJOJEBQBUEFOHBODBSBNFODFHBI
UFSKBEJOZBJOGFLTJZBJUVEFOHBONFOHVSBOHJQBEBUQFOFCBSBO
1FOHPCBUBO KVHB EBQBU EJMBLVLBO EFOHBO NFOHHVOBLBO
'PSNBMJO NMN BJS
EFOHBO DBSB QFSFOEBNBO EBMBN
XBEBIQFOBNQVOH
F 1FNBOFOBO
#FOJIJLBOIJBTBLBOUFSCFOUVLXBSOBQBEBTBBUVTJB
TFLJUBS CVMBO 4FUFMBI NFNJMJLJ XBSOB JLBO IJBT TVEBI
EBQBUEJQBTBSLBO1BOFOJLBOEJMBLVLBOTFDBSBUPUBMBUBVQVO
QBSTJBMTFCBHJBO1BOFOUPUBMBEBMBIQBOFOZBOHEJMBLVLBO
EFOHBO DBSB NFOKVBM LFTFMVSVIBO IBTJM CVEJEBZB UBOQB
TPSUBTJ
TFEBOHLBO QBOFO QBSTJBMTFCBHJBO CFSEBTBSLBO
VLVSBO
VNVS EBO LFMBNJO
1BEBQBOFOQBSTJBMEJMBLVLBOTPSUJS
EFOHBODBSBEJQJMJI
TFEJLJUEFNJTFEJLJUEFOHBONFOHHVOBLBOTFOEPLDFOUPOH
TPSUJS1FNBOFOBOTFCBJLOZBEJMBLVLBOQBEBQBHJEFOHBO
TPSF
LBSFOB TVIV MJOHLVOHBO MFCJI SFOEBI EBO TUBCJM
,VSJLVMVN1SBLBSZB 95
CBHJBO
EJJLVUJQFNCFSJBOHBTPLTJHFOEBOEJJLBUVKVOHOZB
NFOHHVOBLBO LBSFU HFMBOH
Tugas Kelompok
Observasi dan Wawancara budidaya ikan hias
,VOKVOHJ UFNQBU VTBIB CVEJEBZB JLBO IJBT EBO BNBUJ
8BXBODBSB QFUBOJQFNCVEJEBZB JLBO IJBT EFOHBO UBOZBLBO IBMIBM CFSJLVU
B
"QB TBKB JLBO IJBT ZBOH EJCVEJEBZBLBO
C
"QB TBKB TBSBOB QSPEVLTJ BMBU EBO CBIBO
ZBOH EJHVOBLBO
D
#BHBJNBOB NFNJMJI JOEVL ZBOH CBJL
E
#BHBJNBOB UFLOJL CVEJEBZB ZBOH EJMBLVLBO NVMBJ EBSJ QFOHFMPMBBO JOEVL TBNQBJ
QFNBOFOBO
F
"QBLFTVMJUBOBUBVUBOUBOHBOZBOHEJIBEBQJTFMBNBNFMBLVLBOCVEJEBZBJLBOIJBT
G
"QB LFVOHHVMBO JLBO ZBOH EJCVEJEBZBLBO
+JLB UJEBL BEB UFNQBU CVEJEBZB JLBO IJBT EJ MJOHLVOHBO LBNV DBSJMBO JOGPSNBTJ EBSJ
CVLV TVNCFS BUBV NFEJB MBJO
4BBU NFMBLVLBO PCTFSWBTJ EBO XBXBODBSB IFOEBLMBI CFSTJLBQ SBNBI
TPQBO
CFLFSKB
TBNB
EFOHBO UFNBO TFLFMPNQPLOZB
5VMJTLBO IBTJM PCTFSWBTJ LBNV EBO TFSUBLBO HBNCBS WJTVBMJTBTJOZB (LK-6)
1SFTFOUBTJLBO EJ EFQBO LFMBT
96 ,FMBT7***4.1.5T4FNFTUFS**
MFN UFNCBL
3. Tahapan Budidaya Ikan Hias
4FUFMBILBNVNFMBLVLBOPCTFSWBTJEBOXBXBODBSBUFOUBOH
CVEJEBZB JLBO IJBT EJMJOHLVOHBONV
NBLB TBBUOZB LBNV
NFNQSBLUFLLBO CVEJEBZB JLBO IJBT 1JMJIBO JLBO DVQBOH
NFSVQBLBO DPOUPI *LBO DVQBOH BEBMBI TBMBI TBUV JLBO IJBT
ZBOH NVEBI EJ CVEJEBZBLBO
a) Perencanaan
.FOFOUVLBO KFOJT JLBO ZBOH BLBO EJCVEJEBZBLBO
.FOFOUVLBOEBOQFSTJBQBOXBEBIZBOHBLBOEJHVOBLBO
VOUVL CVEJEBZB JLBO IJBT
.FOFOUVLBO KBEXBM LFHJBUBO CVEJEBZB
.FOZJBQLBO LFCVUVIBO TBSBOB BMBU EBO CBIBO
.FOFOUVLBO UVHBT JOEJWJEV
Bahan
"MBU
8BEBI CVEJEBZB "LVBSJVN
CBL UFSQBMGJCF
5PQMFT BUBV
CBTLPN
,VSJLVMVN1SBLBSZB 97
Alat
#FOJIJLBODVQBOHZBOHCJBTBEJKVBMBEBMBICFOJIZBOHTVEBI
CFSVNVS NJOJNBMOZB CVMBO TFUFMBI QFOFUBTBO
VLVSBOOZB
NFODBQBJ
DN 1SPTFT QFNFMJIBSBBO CFOJI EJMBLVLBO
98 ,FMBT7***4.1.5T4FNFTUFS**
EFOHBODBSBQFOFCBSBOEBMBNLVBSJVN+VNMBIQBEBUUFCBSEJ
TFTVBJLBOEFOHBOMVBTBLVBSJVN
KBOHBOUFSMBMVQBEBULBSFOB
CJTB NFOHHBOHHV BLUJWJUBT JLBO 1FNFMJIBSBBO EJMBLVLBO
EFOHBO DBSB
B 4JBQLBOXBEBIBLVBSJVNTFQFSUJHBNCBSEJTBNQJOH
C .FOHJTJBLVBSJVNEFOHBOBJSTBNQBJCBUBTDN
EJCBXBI QFSNVLBBO
,VSJLVMVN1SBLBSZB 99
F 1SPTFT QFOZFEPUBO EJMBLVLBO QBEB QBHJ IBSJ EBO TPSF
IBSJ
"JSMBVUZBOHEJHVOBLBOEBMBNBLVBSJVNJLBOIJBTBJSMBVU
BEBMBI BJS MBVU ZBOH TVEBI NFOHBMBNJ QSPTFT QFOHFOEBQBO
NJOJNBMOZB IBSJ EFOHBO QFNCFSJBO BFSBTJ7PMVNF BJS MBVU
QBEB QFNFMJIBSBBO EBMBN BLVBSJVN BLBO CFSLVSBOH LBSFOB
NFOHBMBNJQFOHVBQBOTFIJOHHBQFSMVQFOBNCBIBOBJSUBXBS
TFDBSB CFSLBMB 1FSHBOUJBO BJS MBVU EJMBLVLBO TFUJBQ CVMBO
TFCBOZBL EBSJ WPMVNF BJS BLVBSJVN
%BMBNQFNFMJIBSBBOJLBOIJBTBJSMBVU
TFCBJLOZBNFOHHVOBLBO
TJTUFNTJSLVMBTJunderdgravell
TFQFSUJUFSMJIBUQBEBHBNCBS
Info
t 1BEBQSPTFTCVEJEBZB
JLBOIJBTBJSMBVU
NFNJMJLJ
UFLOJL QFNFMJIBSBBO
ZBOH TBNB EFOHBO
JLBO IJBT BJS UBXBS
t 4BMJOJUBT LBEBSHBSBN
BJS
MBVUIBSVTEJQFSIBUJLBO
BHBS JLBO NBNQV
CFSBEBQUBTJ
Sumber: Buku Ikan hias
Gambar 3.50. Sirkulasi Undergravell
100 ,FMBT7***4.1.5T4FNFTUFS**
E
4VSVULBO BJS BLVBSJVN TFLJUBS
F
.BTVLLBO LFNCBMJ BTFTTPSJT ZBOH UFMBI CFSTJI
G
5BNCBILBO BJS MBVU CBSV ZBOH TVEBI EJFOEBQLBO
TFCBOZBL
1BLBOZBOHCJBTBEJCFSJLBOVOUVLJLBOIJBTBJSMBVUCJBTBOZB
CFSVQB VEBOH SFCPO ZBOH NBTJI IJEVQ BUBVQVO TFHBS CFLV
"QBCJMBUJEBLBEBVEBOHSFCPOEBQBUEJHBOUJLBOEFOHBOQBLBO
CVBUBO QFMMFU
LIVTVT VOUVL JLBO IJBT BJS MBVU 1FNCFSJBO
EJMBLVLBOLBMJTFIBSJ
EFOHBODBSBQFNCFSJBOQBLBOOZBDVLVQ
NFNBTVLLBOVEBOHSFCPOLFEBMBNBLVBSJVNTFDVLVQOZBTBKB
4FUFMBINFOEBQBULBOJOGPSNBTJEBSJQFNCFMBKBSBOEBOIBTJM
QFOHBNBUBONV TFLBSBOH TBBUOZB LBNV NFMBLVLBO QSBLUFL
CVEJEBZB QFNFMJIBSBBO JLBO IJBT 1JMJIMBI JLBO IJBT ZBOH BEB
EJ EBFSBINV
NFOKBEJ QSPEVL JLBO IJBT VOHHVMBO
Tugas Kelompok
Tugas Praktik Budidaya Ikan Hias
3BODBOHMBI QFSFODBBOBO LFHJBUBO CVEJEBZB JLBO IJBT TFTVBJ EBFSBI TFUFNQBU
(VOBLBO JOGPSNBTJ EBSJ IBTJM PCTFSWBTJ EBO XBXBODBSB BUBV CFSEBTBSLBO IBTJM
CFEBI CVLV TVNCFSSFGFSFOTJ ZBOH UFMBI LBMJBO EBQBULBO
#VBUMBI KBEXBM LFHJBUBO CVEJEBZB EBO QFNCBHJBO UVHBT
4JBQLBO BMBU EBO CBIBO EFOHBO UFQBU TFTVBJ SFODBOB
1SBLUJLLBO TFUJBQ UBIBQBO UFLOJL QFNCVBUBO
-BLVLBO QFOHBNBUBO EFOHBO CBJL EBO TFLTBNB
"NCJM HBNCBS QBEB TFUJBQ UBIBQBO LFHJBUBO
$BUBUBO
5VHBT EJQSFTFOUBTJLBO UFSMFCJI EBIVMV TFCFMVN NFNVMBJ QSBLUJL QFNCVBUBO
XBEBI CVEJEBZB -BLVLBO SFWJTJ EBSJ NBTVLBO ZBOH EJCFSJLBO
,VSJLVMVN1SBLBSZB 101
LEMBAR KERJA-7 (LK-7)
,FMPNQPL
/BNB "OHHPUB
,FMBT
Proses pemijahan
5BOHHBM +BOUBO EJNBTVLLBO LF EBMBN XBEBI
5BOHHBM #FUJOB EJNBTVLLBO LF EBMBN XBEBI
5BOHHBM QFNJKBIBO
5BOHHBM CFUJOB EJLFMVBSLBO EBSJ XBEBI
Proses pemeliharaan
102 ,FMBT7***4.1.5T4FNFTUFS**
Evaluasi Diri
Refleksi Kelompok
,BNV UFMBI NFMBLTBOBLBO QSBLUJL CVEJEBZB JLBO IJBT CFSTBNB LFMPNQPL #BHBJNBOB
IBTJMOZB "QBLBI LFMPNQPLNV TVEBI NFOHFSKBLBO LFHJBUBO EFOHBO CBJL &WBMVBTJMBI
LFMPNQPL LBNV EBMBN NFNQSBLUJLLBO LFHJBUBO CVEJEBZB JLBO IJBT *TJMBI MFNCBS LFSKB
EJ CBXBI JOJ EFOHBO NFMFOHLBQJ UBCFM #FSJ ULBNV DFLMJT W
TFTVBJ KBXBCBONV 4FSUBLBO
BMBTBOOZB
Evaluasi Diri
Evaluasi Diri
Renungkan dan Tuliskan pada selembar kertas!
,VSJLVMVN1SBLBSZB 103
Kamu bisa mencoba melakukan pemijahan ikan
cupang agar mendapatkan benih sendiri, berikut
langkah-langkah pemijahan ikan cupang.
1BEBTBBUBLBONFMBLVLBOQFNJKBIBOZBOHIBSVTEJQFSIBUJLBO
BEBMBI
a) Pemilihan induk
*OEVL JLBO IJBT ZBOH BLBO EJHVOBLBO EBMBN CVEJEBZB
BEBMBI JOEVL JLBO ZBOH NFNBOHTVEBINBUBOH HPOBE EBO
TJBQ QJKBI*OEVLBO ZBOH CBJL VOUVL EJCVEJEBZBLBO BEBMBI
CFSBTBMEBSJUVSVOBOCFSLVBMJUBT NFNJMJLJ QFSUVNCVIBO ZBOH
DFQBU
UJEBLTBLJU
UJEBLDBDBUEBOTVEBINBUBOHHPOBE LFMBNJO
$JSJDJSJ TFCBHBJ CFSJLVU
6NVSJLBO
TFUJBQKFOJTJLBOCFSCFEBUJOHLBULFNBUBOHBO
HPOBEOZB
Sumber: blog.spot
Gambar 3.51. A. Ikan Cupang jantan
$JSJDJSJJLBO CFUJOB
#FOUVL CBEBO NFNCVMBU NFOLBNVLBO TJBQ LBXJO
(FSBLBOOZB MBNCBU
4JSJQ QFOEFL EBO XBSOBOZB UJEBL NFOBSJL
LPOEJTJ CBEBO TFIBU
6NVSJLBO
TFUJBQ KFOJT JLBO CFSCFEB UJOHLBU LFNBUBOHBO
HPOBEOZB
Sumber: blog.spot
Gambar 3.51. B. Ikan Cupang betina
104 ,FMBT7***4.1.5T4FNFTUFS**
b). Proses pemijahan
1FNJKBIBOJLBOIJBTEBQBUEJMBLVLBOQBEBXBEBICVEJEBZB
ZBOHCFSCFEB*JLBOIJBTZBOHCFSVLVSBOCFTBS
QFNJKBIBOOZB
EJMBLVLBO EJ EBMBN CBL UFSQBM BUBVQVO BLVBSJVN TFEBOHLBO
JLBOZBOHCFSVLVSBOLFDJMEBQBUEJMLBVLBOEJBLVBSJVN
UPQMFT
BUBVQVO CBTLPN
BTBMLBO JLBO NBNQV CFSFOBOH EFOHBO
OZBNBO "EB CFCFSBQB JLBO IJBT ZBOH NFNJMJLJ KFOJT UFMVS
ZBOHNFOFNQFMQBEBTVCTUSBU
PMFITFCBCJUVIBSVTEJTJBQLBO
TVCTUSBU ZBOH EJHVOBLBO PMFI JLBO ZBOH BLBO LJUB QJKBILBO
4VCTUSBU ZBOH CJBTB EJHVOBLBO EBMBN QFNJKBIBO JLBO IJBT
CFSVQB BLBS UBOBNBO
QBSBMPO
UBMJ SBQJB
EBO TFCBHBJOZB
Sumber: blog.spot
Gambar 3.54. A. Ikan Cupang jantan B. Ikan Cupang betina
,VSJLVMVN1SBLBSZB 105
.BTVLBO KBOUBO LF XBEBI QFNJKBIBO
"OHLBUCFUJOBOZB
EBOHBCVOHLBOEFOHBOQFKBOUBO
IBUJQBEBXBLUVNFOHBOHLBUUPQMFTEBSJXBEBI
QFMBOTVQBZBCVTBUJEBLUFSMBMVCBOZBLZBOHQFDBI
106 ,FMBT7***4.1.5T4FNFTUFS**
#JBSLBO KBN KBN QFKBOUBO EBO CFUJOBOZB
TBMJOHNFOHFOBMEBONFMBLVLBOIVCVOHBOJOUJN
1FSIBUJLBO UFMVSOZB
CJBTB UFMVS CFSBEB EJ CBXBI CVTB EBO CFSXBSOB QVUJI
6OUVL NFMJIBUOZB EBQBU EJCBOUV NFOHHVOBLBO MBNQV TFOUFS
4FUFMBI TFMFTBJ CFSUFMVS QFKBOUBO BLBO NFOHVTJS *OEVLBO CFUJOB BHBS UJEBL
NFSVTBL TBSBOH UFMVS
4FHFSB BNCJM JOEVLBO CFUJOB EBO CJBSLBO JOEVLBO KBOUBO NFOKBHB UFMVSUFMVS
JUV TBNQBJ NFOFUBT %BMBN TFLBMJ QSPTFT QFNJKBIBO BLBO NFOHIBTJMLBO
TBNQBJ FLPS CFOJI ,FFTPLBO IBSJOZB UFMVS BLBO NFOFUBT EBO UBNQBL
CBOZBL TFLali benih. 1BEB IBSJ QFSUBNB
CFOJI UJEBL QFSMV EJ CFSJ QBLBO
LBSFOB BLBO NFNBLBO LVOJOH UFMVSOZB ZBOH NBTJI UFSTJTB
,FUJLBCFOJIJLBODVQBOHTVEBIEBQBUCFSFOBOHEBOTVEBIIBCJTLVOJOH
UFMVSOZB
TVEBIIBSVTEJTJBQLBONFEJBZBOHMFCJICFTBSVOUVLUFNQBUQFNCFTBSBO
EFOHBO DBSB
B 1JOEBILBO BOBLBO CFSTBNB JOEVL KBOUBOOZB
C #FOJI JLBO EJCFSJ NBLBOBO LVUV BJS EBO XBEBI EJUVUVQ
D 4FQVMVI IBSJ LFNVEJBO BOBL JLBO EJQJOEBILBO LF UFNQBU MBJO
E %BO TFMBOKVUOZB TFUJBQ TBUV NJOHHV EJMBLVLBO TPSUJSQFNJTBIBO JLBO
CFSEBTBSLBO VLVSBO EBO EJ EJTJNQBO QBEB XBEBI ZBOH CFSCFEB TFTVBJ
VLVSBOOZB BHBS MFCJI DFQBU UVNCVI
,VSJLVMVN1SBLBSZB 107
Rangkuman
*LBOIJBTBEBMBIKFOJTJLBOZBOHEJQFMJIBSBTFCBHBJIJBTBOBHBSEBQBUEJOJLNBUJ
LFJOEBIBOOZBTFSUBEJKBEJLBOTFCBHJBOPSBOHTFCBHBJIPCJEBMBNQFNFMJIBSBBOOZB
#FSEBTBSLBO IBCJUBUOZB JLBO IJBT QVO BEB QBEB QFSBJSBO UBXBS EBO MBVU
ZBOH
NFNCFEBLBOOZB BEBMBI QSPTFT QFNFMJIBSBBOOZB EBO NPEJGJ BTJ MJOHLVOHBO
8BEBICVEJEBZBJLBOIJBTEBQBUCFSVQBLPMBN
CBLGJCF
CBLUFSQBMEBNBLVBSJVN
4BSBOB QSPEVLTJ CVEJEBZB JLBO IJBT NFMJQVUJ CBIBO *LBO CFOJI NBVQVO
JOEVLOZB
QBLBO
UBOBNBOBJSEBOPCBUPCBUBO4FEBOHLBOBMBUZBOHEJHVOBLBO
BEBMBI XBEBI CVEJEBZB
TFTFS
BFSBUPS
TFMBOH EBO CBUV BFSBTJ
5FLOJL CVEJEBZB JLBO NFMBMVJ CFCFSBQB GBTF ZBJUV QFNCFOJIBO
QFOEFEFSBO
EBO QFNCFTBSBO
,FHJBUBOQFNFMJIBSBBOZBJUVQFNCFSJBOQBLBOEBOQFOZJQPOBOVOUVLNFOKBHB
LVBMJUBT BJS
108 ,FMBT7***4.1.5T4FNFTUFS**