File types and Listing File Security

Thoughtful Solutions file filename Classify the file chmod mode filename
Creatively Implemented and Communicated strings filename Show any ASCII strings in a file Change security settings on file
cat filename Display contents of file to STDOUT chown user [:group] filename
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more filename Display contents of file one Change owner [and owning group] of
Basic Solaris Commands screenful at a time file
chgrp group filename
head filename Display first 10 lines of file
Quick Reference Card Change owning group of file
head -n filename Display first n lines of file
Conventions umask mode Set default creation permissions
<CR> RETURN key tail filename Display last 10 lines of file
<ESC> ESCAPE key tail -n filename Display last n lines of file Symbolic modes
<DEL> DELETE key tail -f filename Recursively display last 10 lines of Mode Meaning Mode Meaning
<Ctrl-X> press <Control> key and type x file
italics items to be replaced by your own cut Extract character or fields from
u user r read
requirements text g group w write
wc filename Count lines, words and characters o other x execute
Shell Commands in file
passwd Change password diff f1 f2 Find differences between two files a all u+s setuid
logout End terminal session diff3 f1 f2 f3 Find differences between 3 files = assign g+s setgid
sort filename Sort file alphabetically by first + add +t sticky bit
File Hierarchy letter
cd dir1 Change to directory dir1 uniq Report or filter out repeated lines
- remove
ls List files in directory Octal modes
ls -l List files in detail Redirection Base directory mode is 777. Base file mode is 666
mkdir dir1 Create new directory dir1 STDIN Standard Input, typically the user group other
rmdir dir1 Remove directory dir1 keyboard
r w x r w x r w x
cp f1 f2 Copy file f1 to f2 STDOUT Standard Output, typically the
mv f1 [f2…] dir1 Move files f1 to fn to directory screen 4 2 1 4 2 1 4 2 1
dir1 STDERR Standard Error, where errors are
7 7 7
mv dir1 dir2 Rename directory dir1 as dir2 sent. Typically the screen
rm filename Delete (remove) file filename comm > file Output of comm creates file
Shell Wildcards
ln file1 name Create a hard link to file1 called comm < file Contents of file used as input to
name comm Meta- Meaning
ln -s file1 name Create a soft link to file1 called comm 2> filename Error messages from comm sent to character
name file * Any character
pwd Show path to current directory comm >> filename Output from comm appended to ? Any single character
file
Getting Help cat file <<EOF Create a document called file [ ] A range of characters
man name Show man page for command data… containing data
name EOF
man -k subject Show man pages relating to comm1 | comm2 Output from comm1 used as input
subject to comm2
man -s# subject Show man page relating to mkfifo name Create a named pipe called name This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-
subject in section number # mknod name p Create a named pipe called name ShareAlike License. To view a copy of this license, visit
man -s# Intro Show introductory man page for http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/
section #
Translations and Searching Networking set -o emacs Recall commands, edit and re-execute
tr set1 set2 Translates set1 to set2 telnet hostname [port] using emacs commands
sed Powerful text manipulation tool Connects to host and opens a Shell Initialization
grep pattern filename shell. Optionally on specified port. /etc/profile ($HOME/.profile)
Finds lines containing pattern in ftp hostname Connects to a remote host to sh, bash, ksh system wide (per user) init
file transfer files (system wide init has no effect in CDE environment).
grep -v pattern filename ssh hostname [command ] /etc/.login ($HOME/.login)
Finds lines NOT containing Makes a secure connection to csh, tcsh system wide (per user) init
pattern in file host and opens a shell. (system wide init has no effect in CDE environment).
grep -i pattern filename $HOME/.cshrc
Finds all lines containing Processes and Process Control per user csh, tcsh init
pattern in file ignoring case ps Displays processes running on a (order: /etc/.login → $HOME/.cshrc → $HOME/.login)
find path condition host $HOME/.kshrc
Finds files matching condition prstat Displays iterating list of processes per user ksh init
from path downwards by CPU usage (order: /etc/profile → $HOME/.profile → $HOME/.kshrc)
find path -inum n Finds hard links, i.e. All files with command & Run command in background $HOME/.bashrc
jobs Print list of jobs per user bash init
the same i-node number
Resume foreground job n (order: /etc/profile → $HOME/.profile → $HOME/.bashrc)
who Displays users on system fg [%n]
who am i Shows real user id bg [%n] Resume background job n
Shell Programming
w Displays users on system stop %n Suspend background job n
#!path/to/shell 'sh-bang' is a special string which
id Shows effective username & UID, kill [%n] Kill job n
indicates that the path following
and group membership <Ctrl-c> Interrupt process
contains the location of the command
Searches /usr/dict/words for <Ctrl-z> Suspend current process
look word to run the script
word kill n Kill process n
kill -9 n Terminate process n Flow Control
Regular Expressions <Ctrl-s> Stop screen scrolling
sh;bash;ksh csh;tcsh
. Any character <Ctrl-q> Resume screen output
sleep n Sleep for n seconds if- if [ condition ]; if (condition)
^ Start of line then- then then
else actions_1; action_1;
$ End of line Shells and Variables elif [ condition ]; else if (condition)
variable=value Create local variable variable then then
* Any number of the preceding characters with value value actions_2; action_2;
else else
? A single character export variable Make variable an
actions_3; action_3;
environmental variable fi endif
[ ] Holds a range unset variable Remove environment variable
do while [ condition ]; while (condition)
[^ ] Holds a negated range set Show local variables do actions
while
env Show environmental variables actions; end
\( \) Creates a submatch
alias name1 name2 Create command alias done
\1-9 Reference a submatch alias Show command aliases until until [ condition ]; Not available
\ Escapes special character meanings unalias name1 Remove command alias name1 do
actions;
history Display recent commands done
! n Submit recent command n
set -o vi Recall commands, edit and re- for for arg in list… ; foreach arg (list)
do actions
execute using vi commands actions; end
done