HIGHER COLLEGES OF TECHNOLOGY

ABUDHABI WOMEN’S COLLEGE

Department of Electrical Engineering Technology

Laboratory report

ELE 4233 Mobile Communication

Lab 06
Radio Link Budget Analysis in MATLAB

Student name: Shouq Mohamed Aljawhari

Student ID: H00366552

Date: 24th , October 2020

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Þ Objective

• To study and understand Radio Link Budget.

• To study the different Losses can happen in a Radio communication system.

• To understand Matlab Simulation of Radio Link Budget Analysis using

MATLAB

Þ Equipment & Software Needed

o Matlab Simulation Software

o Matlab Communication Tool box”

Þ Introduction & Theory

o Many components exist in RF transmission and reception system. Some

examples are are the Signal generator, Modulator, Amplifier, Transmission

antenna, RF channel, Receiver antenna, Demodulator, Recover Amplifier, and

many more.

o In RF transmission and reception system, an input signal is first modulated

before going to the transmitter sider where it will go through an amplifier to

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 make it stronger. This amplifying is used to increase the gain; however, a gain

loss can still happen to the signal in the connecters of both transmission and

reception sides.

o The total added gain and losses, in dBm, of a wireless communication system,

going from transmitter to the channel and to the receiver is called the link

budget. A link budget is used to express the quantity of the link’s

performance. Moreover, RSSI, otherwise known as the received signal

strength indication, is the total added transmitted power with the gain and

losses.

o Link budget equation: received power (dBm)= Transmitted power (dBm) +

gains(db)-losses(dB)

PRX = PTX + GTX + GRX –LTX– LRX – LFS – LP

Where
PRX - Received Power (dB)
PTX - Transmitter Power (dB)
LTX - Transmitter feeder Loss (dB)
GTX - Transmitter antenna Gain (dBi)
LFS - Free space loss or Path loss (dB)
GRX - Receiver antenna gain (dBi)
LRX - Receiver feeder loss (dB)
Lp - Other Losses (Cables & Connectors)dB
1dBm = 1/1000 dBi

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Þ Procedures
o Open the Matlab simulation software.

o Write required commands/code in Command Window.

o Execute commands/code.

o Find results and plots in simulation Window.

o Compare and analyze practical output with theoretical output.

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Þ Simulation Results (Codes & Figures)
Link budget analysis Matlab Simulation.
1.1. Code

Figure 1

1.2. Result

The Link Budget Prx in dBW = -11

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2.1. Code

Figure 2

2.2.. Result
The Link Budget Prx in dBW = 89

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Þ Observation/Findings

o I have found while applying the code in order to achieve the final required

output, that the greater the losses in the system, the less is the link budget.

Because the link budget is the sum of the gain and loss in dBm, having large

losses, which are usually negative values, will cause reduction in the total

calculation of the link budget. When comparing figure 1 and figure 2, this is

shown clearly. In figure 2 the gains are much higher than the losses in the

system, thus the produced high positive link budget value. In oppose to figure

one where a negative link budget value is produced because of the high losses.

This confirms the inversely proportional relationship between the system

losses and the link budget.

Þ Discussion/Analysis

o I have applied a code in matlab that is required to find out the link budget. The

link budget is the total added gain and losses, in dBm, of a wireless

communication system, going from transmitter to the channel and to the

receiver. The function of a link budget is used to express the quantity of the

link’s performance. Moreover, the link budget equation for a radio

communcation system is expressed by PRX = PTX + GTX + GRX –LTX–

LRX – LFS – LP. This matlab code will apply this equation to achieve the

objectives.

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o The code will require the user to enter the missing parameters in order to fill in

the equation and find the required output, which is essentially the link budget.

Because we now know that the link budget is the total sum of gain and losses

in dBm, all signal powers are assumed to be in dB in this code.

furthermore, some of the paramteres asked for were the transmitter’s power

(PTX ), antenna gain (GTX ), and its feeder loss (LTX). And of course, the

parameteres of the reciever were asked for as well to satisfy the equation, such

as; the reciever antenna gain (GRX) and reviver feeder loss (LRX). lastly to

finalize the matlab code will ask the user to enter path/Free space loss (LFS) as

well as any other cable and connector losses (Lp) in dBW. Losses in cable and

connectors are often in both sides of transmission and reception but can be

reduced by amplifying the signal to increase the gain.

o Furthermore, at this point the user should have entered all parameters, and the

code will produce an output of the printed text of “'The Link Budget Prx in

dBW = “and will then print the Prx, which is the calculated link budget.

o In my case, I have entered the following values of each parameter shown in

figure 1 and got the output of “The Link Budget Prx in dBW = -11”. This

shows a negative link budget value due to the large losses in the system.

However, in figure 2, my output was “The Link Budget Prx in dBW = 89”

which is much larger positive number, due to the exceeding gain over losses in

the system.

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Þ Calculation

o Link budget equation: received power (dBm)= Transmitted power (dBm) +

gains(db)-losses(dB)

PRX = PTX + GTX + GRX –LTX– LRX – LFS – LP

Where
PRX - Received Power (dB)
PTX - Transmitter Power (dB)
LTX - Transmitter feeder Loss (dB)
GTX - Transmitter antenna Gain (dBi)
LFS - Free space loss or Path loss (dB)
GRX - Receiver antenna gain (dBi)
LRX - Receiver feeder loss (dB)
Lp - Other Losses (Cables & Connectors)dB
1dBm = 1/1000 dBi

Þ Conclusion

o Overall, I accomplished the goals of this lab to study and understand the

concept of the radio link budget. Also, I was able to learn about all different

type of losses that can occur in a radio communication system. But more

importantly, during that I was able to come to the conclusion that explained

the relationship between the losses of the radio communication system and the

link budget. I have learned that this relationship is inversely proportional,

meaning the more the losses, the smaller the link budget. And lastly, I was

able to reflect and analyze all of that using the Matlab simulation.

Þ References
o https://www.aero.iitb.ac.in/satelliteWiki/index.php/Link_Budget

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Grading Rubric
SL No Rubrics Mark Code
1 Individual Assessment 30 (10 +10+10) A
2 Troubleshooting and problem solving/ post lab test 10 B
3 Introduction/ Objective/ Procedure 5 C
4 Calculations /Codes/ Theory. 5 D
5 Data collection/ Findings / observations 5 E
6 Diagrams / Charts / Figures and Plots with Captions 10 F
7 Analysis & Discussion / (theory vs actual) 15 G
8 Conclusions/ Summary /self-reflection 15 H
Quality of work performed including quality of lab
9 5 I
report, neatness etc.