Chapter 1 : Prokaryotic and

Eukaryotic Cell
Reporters: Fatima Asis & Jean Sarical

Two general categories of Living Cells

Prokaryotes – are organisms that do not
possess a true nucleus and membrane-bound
organelles. Viruses
Eukaryotes – are organisms that possess a  Acellular organisms
true nucleus and membrane-bound  Its outer surface called capsid
organelles. o It composed of repeating sub-
units called capsomeres
 Single nucleic acid

Viruses are classified based on the

following:

1. type of nucleic acid they possess;

2. shape of the capsid;
Comparison between Prokaryotes and
3. number of capsomeres;
Eukaryotes
4. size of the capsid;
5. presence or absence of an envelope;
6. type of host they infect;
7. type of disease they produce;
8. target cell or tropism;
9. immunologic or antigenic properties.

Diagrammatic representation of various

forms and sizes of viruses

Medically important organisms are those

which produce significant disease in
humans. These may be categorized into 5
Bacteriophages – a special type of viruses
major types: bacteria, viruses, fungi, algae,
that primarily infect bacteria.
and parasites (protozoa and helminths).
 • Similarity to other viruses: (1) they
are obligate intracellular parasites;
(2) they are similarly shaped like
other viruses; and (3) they may also
be classified based on the type of
nucleic acid they possess.
Protozoa – are mostly unicellular parasites
Bacteria – are prokaryotic organisms that that are eukaryotic. Most divide by binary
possess both DNA and RNA. Most possess fission similar to bacteria.
cell wall composed predominantly of  A eukaryotic cell that has an outer
peptidoglycan. surface called pellicle
 Physical Characteristics  Majority exist in two morphologic
1. Gram-negative bacteria with forms – cysts and trophozoites
cell wall
2. Gram-positive bacteria with
cell wall
3. Acid-fast bacteria with lipid-
rich cell wall
4. Bacteria without cell wall

Fungi – are eukaryotic organisms with a cell

wall composed mainly of chitin and cell
membrane that contains ergosterol.
 Its cell membrane is mostly made up
of ergosterol
 Like bacteria, it possesses both DNA
and RNA

Algae – are eukaryotic, aquatic, plant-like

Comparison between fungi and bacteria organisms. Similar to plants, they are
photosynthetic but unlike plants, they do not group. They also responsible for what is
have true roots, stems, or leaves. known “red tide”.
 Algae do not produce significant
disease in humans.

Various structure of phytoplankton that are

usually found on water

Comparison between algae and plants

Diatoms – are unicellular algae that inhabit

both fresh and saltwater.

Dinoflagellates – also unicellular that are

important members of the phytoplankton