Exercise 4 - Anatomy of the Cell and Cell Division

The Cell
1. Be able to label the organelles in the table below on a cell model or on a drawing such as
Figure 4.1.
2. Be able to give a brief function of each organelle; fill in the chart below using your resources
(lab manual, textbook, info presented in lecture and lab, powerpoints). This will be a good
study chart for you (lecture and lab).
Organelle Function
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Nuclear envelope
Nuclear pores
Chromatin
Plasma membrane
Cytoplasm You don’t need a function here
Cytosol
Organelles
Ribosomes
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Rough ER
Mitochondria
Golgi Apparatus
Centrioles (and centrosome)
Lysosome
Peroxisome
Microvilli
Cilia

Mitosis
1. Mitosis is division of the nucleus. Cytokinesis is division of the cytoplasm

2. Mitosis begins with a cell having 23 pairs (46) chromosomes; the two new daughter cells each
have 23 pairs (46) chromosomes once mitosis is complete.

3. Interphase: NOT MITOSIS – chromosomes and organelles replicate during interphase so that
each new cell has a copy (therefore, there 46X2=96 chromosomes when mitosis begins).

4. Mitosis Phases: Fill out this chart according to what occurs in each stage. (Some terms that
should be included from lab list) – Chromosomes, Chromatid, Mitotic Spindle, cleavage
furrow
Prophase - early
Prophase - late
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
 5. Confusing:
a. Chromatin: uncoiled chromosomes (DNA with proteins) – long, stringy, threadlike –
can’t be seen under microscope
b. Chromosomes: coiled up – shorter and thicker – now visible with a microscope.
Chromosomes are seen beginning with Prophase and disappear back to chromatin in
telophase.
c. When chromosomes are paired with their copied chromosome in prophase and
metaphase, each copy is called a chromatid.

6. With a partner, use the mitosis slides (onion) and find as many stages of mitosis as possible.
You will have to use the higher power objective lens.
7. The stages of mitosis are also to be viewed on the mitosis models.

Summary of what you should know from Exercise 4:

1. Be able to label the organelles on a figure or on a cell model using terms from you lab list.
2. Be able to give a function of each organelle.
3. Be able to label the stages of mitosis (and interphase) and some organelles or structures
involved on a figure or on the mitosis models; using the terms from you lab list.
4. Be able to describe what happens in each phase of mitosis (and interphase).
5. Be able to determine the phase of mitosis of a cell under a microscope. During a practical
exam, the cell in question will have the tip of the microscope pointer on it.
6. Transport Mechanisms and Cell Permeability – covered separately.