BULK

VESICULAR
TRANSPORT
BULK VESICULAR TRANSPORT;
The movement of
macromolecules such as
proteins or polysaccharides
into or out of the cell is called
bulk transport.
 IN BIOLOGY,
• BULK = THE MASS/ MAGNITUDE OF
SOMETHING LARGE.
• VESICLE IS ALSO KNOWN AS THE
“ VACUOLE”
• TRANSPORT = PASS
THROUGH/DELIVER
In this process,the golgi complex
packages macromolecules
intotransport vesicles that travel to
and fuse with the plasma
membrane. This fusion causes the
vesicle to spill its contents out of
the cell.
• Instead, cells need bulk transport mechanism, in which
large particles (or large quantities of smaller particles) are
moved across the cell membrane. These mechanism
involve enclosing the substances to be transported in their
own globes of membrane, which can then bud from or
fuse with the membrane to move the substance across.
For instance, a macrophage engulfs its pathogen dinner
by extending membrane “arms” around it and enclosing
it in a sphere of membrane called a ‘food vacuole’ (where
it is later digested.)
• Macrophages provide a dramatic
example of bulk transport, and the
majority of cells don’t engulf whole
organisms. However, most cells do have
bulk transport mechanisms of some
kind.
• These mechanisms allow cells to obtain
nutrients from the environment, selectedly
“grab” certain particles out of the
extracellular fluids, or release signaling
molecules to communicate with neighbors.
• Like the active transport processes that
move ions, and small molecules via
carrier proteins, bulk transport is an
Energy-requiring (and, infact,energy-
intensive process.)
DIFFERENT MODES OF
BULK VESICULAR
TRANSPORT
THE 4 MODES OF BULK VESICULAR
TRANSPORT
PHAGOCYTOSIS
PINOCYTOSIS
RECEPTOR-MEDIATED ENDOCYTOSIS
AND;
EXOCYTOSIS
 ENDOCYTOSIS
(ENDO = ENTERNAL & CYTOSIS =
TRANSPORT MECHANISM)
IS THE GENERAL TERM FOR THE VARIOUS
TYPES OF ACTIVE TRANSPORT THAT MOVE
PARTICLES INTO A CELL BY ENCLOSING
THEM IN A “vesicle” MADE OUT OF PLASMA
MEMBRANE.
• FIRST, THE PLASMA MEMBRANE OF THE
CELL INVAGENATES, FORMING A POCKET
AROUND THE TARGET PARTICLE OR
PARTICLES. THE POCKET THEN PINCHES
OFF WITH THE HELP OF SPECIALIZED
PROTEINS, LEAVING THE PARTCLES
TRAPPED IN A NEWLY CREATED VESICLE
OR VACOULE INSIDE THE CELL.
 PHAGOCYTOSIS
• LITERARY “CELL EATING” is a form of endocytosis in which
large particles, such as cells or cellular debris are transported into
the cell.

• SINGLED-CELL “EUKARYOTES”CALLED ‘AMOEBAS’ USE

PHAGOCYTOSIS TO HUNT THEIR PREY.
•
“PHAGOCYTOSE = TINY CELL/ YEAST CELL
 BULK VESICULAR PROCESS
• ONCE THE CELL HITS THE TARGET CELL , AND
ONCE THEY PINCH OFF THE MEMBRANE , THEY
CAN FORM A ‘MEMBRANE BOUND
COMPARTMENT’ WHICH IS CALLED A FOOD
VACUOLE.
• THE FOOD VACUOLE WILL LATER FUSE WITH AN
ORGANELLE CALLED ‘LYSOSOMES’ (THE
RECYCLING CENTER OF THE CELL”
 LYSOSOMES
• Have enzymes that break the engulfed
particle down into its basic components
( such as amino acids, and sugars) which
can then be used by the cell.
 PINOCYTOSIS
• Also known as “CELL DRINKING” is a form of
endocytosis in which a cell takes in small amounts of
extracellular fluids.
• This occurs in many cell types and takes place
continuously, with cell sampling and re-sampling
the surrounding fluid to get whatever nutrients and
other molecules happen to be present.
•Pinocytosed material is held in
small vesicle, much smaller than
the large food vacuole produced
by phagocytosis.
 RECEPTOR MEDIATED
ENDOCYTOSIS
• Is a form of endocytosis in which receptor proteins on the
cell surface are used to capture a specific target molecule.
• The receptors which are transmembrane proteins, cluster
in region of the plasma membrane called ‘coated pits’.
This names comes from a layer of proteins called “coat
proteins” that are found on the cytoplasmic side of the pit.
 HOW DOES COAT PROTEINS
PARTICIPATE IN THE R.M.E . ?
• Coat proteins give the vesicle its rounded shape and by
helping it to bud off from the membrane . (BUD=
COMPACT)
• R.M. ENDOCYTOSIS allows cells to take up large
amounts of molecules that are relatively rare (present in
the LOW CONCENTRATION) in the extracellular fluid.
 EXOCYTOSIS
• Cells must take in certain molecules, such as nutrients,
but they also need to release other molecules, such as
signaling proteins and waste products, to the outside
environment.
• (EXO= EXTERNAL & CYTOSIS= TRANSPORT
MECHANISM) Is a form of bulk transport in which
materials are transported from the inside to outside of the
cell in the membrane-bound vesicle that fuse with the
plasma membrane.
• Some of this vesicles come from the golgi
apparatus and contain proteins made
specifically by the cell to release outside, such
as signaling molecules. Other vesicles contain
waste that the cell needs to dispose of, such as
the left overs that remain after a phagocytosed
particle has been digested .
• These vesicles are transported to the edge of the
cell, where they can fuse with the plasma
membrane and release their content into the
extracellular space. Some vesicles fuse completely
with the membrane and incorporated into it, while
others follow “KISS AND RUN MODEL” fusing
just enough to release their contents (kissing the
membrane) before pinching off again and
returning to the cell interior.
THE
END