Active Transport

Cell Membrane Pumps

and Vesicle Transport
 Active Transport
 Active transport - movement of materials
AGAINST the concentration gradient from
low concentration to high concentration

 Requires the cell to use energy (ATP)

 2 kinds:
1. membrane pumps
2. vesicle transports
1. Cell Membrane Pumps
 Involve carrier proteins called cell membrane
pumps to move materials against the
concentration (UP concentration gradient)
Similar to the steps of facilitated transport.
 Results in electrical impulses across nerve cells
Ex. Sodium-Potassium Pump
 2. Vesicle Transport
 Some substances (ex. Food) are too BIG
to pass through membrane
OR
large quantities need to pass through the cell

 These situations use vesicle transport

 Two kinds
1. Endocytosis
2. Exocytosis
 Endocytosis
 Cells ingest external fluid, macromolecules &
large particles (including other cells)
 External materials are enclosed by part of the
cell, forming a pouch
 The pouch pinches off cell membrane &
becomes a membrane bound organelle called
 a vesicle
 Vesicles can fuse with lysosomes to digests
contents.
Two kinds of Endocytosis:
1. Phagocytosis – movement of large particles or whole cells.
*Possible feeding method, or a method of defense to
destroy bacteria/viruses
2. Pinocytosis – transport of solutes or liquids
Phagocytosis Pinocytosis
(cartoon animation) (cartoon animation)
 Phagocytosis
(taking place in cells under a microscope)
Endocytosis
 Exocytosis (Reverse of endocytosis)
 Vesicles in cytoplasm fuse with cell membrane and
RELEASE their contents into the external
environment OUTSIDE the cell

 Used to release large molecules such as proteins

packaged by the golgi apparatus

 Used in nervous
& endocrine system to
control activities in
other cells.
Exocytosis
Endocytosis & Exocytosis
 Endocytosis
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