Vesicular Transport

VESICULAR TRANSPORT
VESICULAR TRANSPORT
 isthe predominant mechanism for exchange of
proteins and lipids between membrane-bound
organelles in eukaryotic cells
 Transport of macromolecules across plasma
membrane (macromolecules-carbohydrates, lipids,
proteins, and nucleic acids)
 The selectivity of such transport is therefore key to
maintaining the functional organization of the cell.
TWO TYPES OF
VESICULAR TRANSPORT
1. ENDOCYTOSIS
ØMovement of
substances
into the cell

2. EXOCYTOSIS
ØMovement of
materials out
of the cell
1. ENDOCYTOSIS
 is the process by which cells take in substances
from outside of the cell by engulfing them in a
vesicle
• It involves the pinching in
of a portion of the cell
membrane to form a
vesicle inside the
cytoplasm which the
travels to the needed
location within the cell
Endocytosis serves many purposes,
including:
•Taking in nutrients for cellular growth, function and
repair: Cells need materials like proteins and lipids to
function.
•Capturing pathogens or other unknown substances that
may endanger the organism: When pathogens like bacteria are
identified by the immune system, they are engulfed by immune
cells to be destroyed.
•Disposing of old or damaged cells: Cells must be safely
disposed of when they stop functioning properly to prevent
damage to other cells. These cells are eliminated through
endocytosis.
TWO TYPES OF ENDOCYTOSIS
a) PHAGOCYTOSIS
also known as cell
eating, is the process
by which cells
internalize large
particles or cells, like
damaged cells and
bacteria.
PHAGOCYTOSIS
Within the human body,
and in other mammals,
phagocytosis is how
immune cells engulf
and destroy dangerous
microorganisms or
toxic compounds.
PHAGOCYTOSIS
two primary phagocytes: Macrophages and
neutrophils- types of white blood cells. These
white blood cells are responsible for clearing out
aged and damaged cells, as well as disposing of
infectious microorganisms.
Phagocytes (neutrophils and monocytes)
are immune cells that play a critical role in both
the early and late stages of immune responses.
b) PINOCYTOSIS
Ø The term pinocytosis
is derived from the
Greek word “pino”-to
drink, and “cyto”-cell.
Therefore, the process
of pinocytosis can be
thought of as cell
drinking.
PINOCYTOSIS
Ø Pinocytosis refers
to the uptake of
extracellular fluids
in the cell forming
a pinocytic vesicle
RECEPTOR-MEDIATED
ENDOCYTOSIS
Receptor-mediated
endocytosis is a form of
endocytosis in which
receptor proteins on the
cell surface are used to
capture a specific target
molecule
RECEPTOR-MEDIATED
ENDOCYTOSIS
 Upon binding their ligands,
the receptor aggregate in
differentiated regions of cell
membrane called coated pits.
(Ligand is a molecule that
binds to another molecule
called a receptor to send
signals within or between
cells.)
RECEPTOR-MEDIATED
ENDOCYTOSIS
The coated pits then
invaginate and pinch off,
forming a coated vesicle,
thereby bringing their
extracellular contents into
the cell.
2. EXOCYTOSIS
Exocytosis occurs to
move large amounts
of a material out of
the cell in a process
which is the reverse of
endocytosis
Some cells produce
substances for export
like proteins
EXOCYTOSIS
Vesicles form around
proteins produce in
the endoplasmic
reticulum
Vesicles merge with
the golgi apparatus
where the protein is
modified and
packaged for export
EXOCYTOSIS
New vesicles are
formed by the golgi
body which move to
and fuse with the
plasma membrane,
expelling the protein
from the cell
QUIZ!
DIRECTION:
READ CAREFULLY
1) WHAT IS THE PROCESS
BY WHICH CELLS TAKE IN
SUBTANCES FROM
OUTSIDE OF THE CELL?
2) IT REFERS TO THE
UPTAKE OF
EXTRACELLULAR FLUIDS
IN THE CELL FORMING A
VESICLE
3-4) GIVE THE TWO
PRIMARY PHAGOCYTES
IN PHAGOCYTOSIS
5) IT OCCURS TO MOVE
LARGE AMOUNTS OF A
MATERIAL OUT OF THE
CELL IN A PROCESS.
6) THIS IS ALSO KNOWN
AS CELL EATING AND
FOOD VACUOLE
7) WHAT IS THE FORM OF
ENDOCYTOSIS IN WHICH
RECEPTOR PROTEINS ON THE
CELL SURFACE ARE USED TO
CAPTURE A SPECIFIC TARGET
MOLECULE?
(8-9) GIVE THE TWO
TYPES OF ENDOCYTOSIS
10) GIVE ONE PURPOSE
OF ENDOCYTOSIS
THANK YOU!