MEMBRAN SEL DAN TRANSPORT

MEMBRAN
Susilowati, M.Pd.Si
Struktur membran prokariotik
Struktur Membran Eukariotik
Perhatikan gambar berikut!
• The plasma membrane is composed primarily
of proteins and lipids, especially phospholipids.
The lipids occur in two layers (a bilayer).
• The fatty acid chains make up the nonpolar,
hydrophobic (“water-fearing”) portion of the
phospholipid.
 Diskusi
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• Bagaimana transport zat meleati membran sel?
Jenis Transport pada Membran Sel
• Difusi
• Osmosis
• Difusi Terfasilitasi
• Transport aktif.
 Difusi
• Diffusion, the random motion of particles
results in their net movement “down” their
own concentration gradient, from the region
of higher concentration to the one of lower
concentration.
 Osmosis
• Osmosis is diffusion of water across selectively
permeable membrane. Net movement is from
the region where th. Osmosis is a special kind of
diffusion that involves the net movement of
water (the principal solvent in biological systems)
through a selectively permeable membrane from
a region of higher concentration to a region of
lower concentratione water molecules are more
concentrated to the region where they are less
concentrated.
Tekanan Osmotic
• We define the osmotic pressure of a solution
as the pressure that must be exerted on the
side of a selectively permeable membrane
containing the higher concentration of solute
to prevent the diffusion of water (by osmosis)
from the side containing the lower solute
concentration.
Istila dalam osmosis
• If a cell that has a cell wall is placed in a
hypertonic medium, the cell loses water to its
surroundings. Its contents shrink, and the
plasma membrane separates from the cell wall,
a process known as plasmolysis.
• Plasmolysis occurs in plants when the soil or
water around them contains high
concentrations of salts or fertilizers.
Gejala Plasmolisis
 Facilitated Diffusion (Difusi
Terfasilitasi)
• Facilitated diffusion, a specific transport
protein makes the membrane permeable to a
particular solute, such as a specific ion or
polar molecule. A specifi c solute can be
transported from inside the cell to the outside
or from the outside to the inside, but net
movement is always from a region of higher
solute concentration to a region of lower
concentration.
 Transport Aktif
• Although adequate amounts of a few
substances move across cell membranes by
diffusion, cells must actively transport many
solutes against a concentration gradient. The
reason is that cells require many substances in
concentrations higher than their
concentration outside the cell.
• In many cases, cells use ATP energy directly.
 Endositosis dan Eksositosis
• In exocytosis, a cell ejects waste products, or
specifi c products of secretion such as
hormones, by the fusion of a vesicle with the
plasma membrane. Exocytosis results in the
incorporation of the membrane of the
secretory vesicle into the plasma membrane
as the contents of the vesicle are released
from the cell. This is also the primary
mechanism by which plasma membranes
grow larger.
• In endocytosis, materials are taken into the
cell. Several types of endocytotic mechanisms
operate in biological systems, including
phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and receptor-
mediated endocytosis.
Exocytosis
 Endositosis
• In endocytosis, materials are taken into the
cell. Several types of endocytotic mechanisms
operate in biological systems, including
phagocytosis, pinocytosis.
• In phagocytosis (literally, “cell eating”), the cell
ingests large solid particles such as bacteria
and food (❚ Fig. 5-21). Phagocytosis is used
by certain protists to ingest food and by some
types of vertebrate cells, including certain
white blood cells, to ingest bacteria and other
particles.
Fagositosis
 Pinocytosis
• In pinocytosis (“cell drinking”), the cell takes in
dissolved materials (❚ Fig. 5-22). Tiny
droplets of fl uid are trapped by folds in the
plasma membrane, which pinch off into the
cytosol as tiny vesicles. The liquid contents of
these vesicles are then slowly transferred into
the cytosol; the vesicles become progressively
smaller.
pinocytosis
■ Lapisan “Lipid bilayer” mempunyai permeabilitas yang berbeda
terhadap berbagai macam molekul

Cepat berdifusi melewati “lipid bilayer

Dapat berdifusi, tetapi lambat

Dapat berdifusi, tetapi sangat lambat

Tidak dapat berdifusi  impermeabel

Molecules Related to Cell Permeability
• Depends on
– Molecules size (electrolytes more
permeable)
– Polarity (hydrophillic)
– Charge (anion vs. cation)
– Water vs. lipid solubility
 Kesimpulan
♦ Transport pasif,
- karena adanya perbedaan konsentrasi molekul di
dalam dan di luar sel (konsentrasi gradient)
- melewati protein kanal atau protein “carrier”
♦ Transport aktif,
- karena adanya aktifitas “memompa” molekul-molekul
yang mempunyai perbedaan sifat elektrokimia
(electrochemical gradient) oleh protein “carrier”.
- menggunakan energi, seperti ATP