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MECHANISMS
ACTIVITY 1
• Complete this statement….
• In oder for the cell to stay alive, it must :
• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4
• 5
Cells need to….
• Cells need to get nutrients
• Cells need to get energy
• Cells need to remove waste
products
• Cells need to grow
• Cells need to reproduce
• Cells need to adapt themselves to
their environment.
In order for the cell to stay alive…
PLASMA MEMBRANE…
Plasma membrane or Cell Membrane
Plasma membrane or Cell
Membrane
PLASMA MEMBRANE AS AN ORGANELLE
CARRIER MOLECULE
IMAGINE A CELL IS LIKE A
PRISON CELL…
PROTEIN CHANNEL VS.
CARRIER PROTEIN
PROTEIN CHANNEL VS.
CARRIER PROTEIN
• Carrier proteins are • Channel proteins
the integral proteins are ion selective,
which extend into the and contain a
lipid bilayer of cell
pore in which
membrane, and serve
solute pass at
as channels for water
soluble substances high flux rates
such as glucose and when the channel
electrolytes. is open.
PROTEIN CHANNEL VS.
CARRIER PROTEIN
• Carrier • Channel
proteins are proteins are
glycoproteins. lipoproteins
• (proteins that • (proteins that have
combine with
have transport fats and
carbohydrates) other lipids)
Passive and Active Transport
Passive and Active Transport
• PASSIVE TRANSPORT • ACTIVE TRANSPORT
• Heat energy of the • Requires the cell
cellular environment to do work,
provides all of the
requiring the cell
energy, hence, this is
not energy-costly to to expend its
the cell. energy reserves.
• Energy is not
required
ACTIVE TRANSPORT
VS. PASSIVE TRANSPORT
REVIEW - quiz
• IDENTIFY :
• _____1. refers to the movement of substances
from an area of high to low concentration
• _____2. refers to the movement of water
across a semi permeable membrane
• _____3. It is utilizes protein transmembrane
channels that are specific to certain molecule
REVIEW-quiz
• IDENTIFY :
• _____ 4. It refers to the movement of molecules
requiring the use of energy
• ______5. It refers to the movement of molecules
without the expenditure of energy
• _______6. It is the kind of energy used by the cell
in transporting important substances.
• _______7. What kind of transport mechanism
happens in salted egg?
TRANSPORT MECHANISM
PASSIVE TRANSPORT ACTIVE TRANSPORT
No Energy needed; Requires the use of
N o ATP required Energy in the form of
ATP
Down a Against a
concentration concentration
gradient from high to gradient from High to
low concentration Low Concentration
TRANSPORT MECHANISM
PASSIVE TRANSPORT ACTIVE TRANSPORT
Examples : Examples :
Osmosis and Endocytosis
Simple Diffusion (Phagocytosis and
Pinocytosis) or Bulk
Uptake, Sodium-
Potassium Pump
Process
HOW DO CELLS
BEHAVE
IN DIFFERENT
SOLUTIONS?
ISOTONIC SOLUTION
• Solutions of equal solution
concentration.
• This only occurs when
solute concentration are
the same on both sides of
the membrane.
ISOTONIC SOLUTION
NO
MOVEMENT
HYPOTONIC SOLUTION
•Solution with a
lower concentration
of solutes
HYPOTONIC SOLUTION
OUT – IN
HYPERTONIC SOLUTION
•Solution with a
HIGHER
concentration of
solutes
HYPERTONIC SOLUTION
IN - OUT
PLASMOLYSIS
• contraction of the
protoplast of a plant cell as
a result of loss of water
from the cell.
• “CELL SHRINKING”
CYTOLYSIS
• the dissolution or
disruption of cells,
especially by an external
agent.
• “CELL BURSTING”
WHAT SOLUTION IS
BEST FOR AN ANIMAL CELL?