POLARITY

OF
MOLECULE
S
ACTIVITY
(EXPERIMENT)
 MATERIALS NEEDED

• WATER
• VINEGAR
• COOKING OIL
• GASOLINE
• FOOD COLORING ( at least 3
different colors)
• 5 pcs. BEAKER (optional, it can be
any glass container with similar
volume capacity)
• STIRRING ROD
 INSTRUCTIONS
• Make 5 setups for the experiment in each
container.
SETUP 1 SETUP 2 SETUP 3 SETUP 4 SETUP 5

Mix water Mix water Mix oil and Mix water Mix oil and
and vinegar and oil vinegar and gasoline gasoline

• Mix the samples well with a spoon or

stirring rod and observe their reactions.

• Clean the materials used and dispose the

liquids properly. Be ready for some
questions of the teacher regarding the
experiment.
What have you observed
in the experiment?
In setup 1? 2? 3? 4? 5?
Able to mix Unable to mix
SETUP SETUP
1 2
5 3
4
What do you think is the
reason why we can mix
setup 1 and 5
thoroughly? Why setups
2,3, and 4 can’t?
Have you ever
wondered what’s
behind water? And
other liquids?
What are the
different properties
of liquid?
What do you think are
the reasons on how
liquids may differ in
different properties?
Why do some liquids
can be mixed
thoroughly with
each other while
others cannot?
What do you think is the
reason why we can mix
setup 1 and 5
thoroughly? Why setups
2,3, and 4 can’t?
 COVALENT BOND
• A chemical bond formed
between atoms by sharing
of electrons.
What do you think is
the difference between
polar and non-polar
covalent compounds?
 POLAR COVALENT BOND
•Occur when electron pairs are unequally
shared. The difference in electronegativity
between atoms is significant. Examples of
compounds having polar covalent bonds
are:

• HCl EN of H=2.1 EN of Cl=3.0 ∆EN=0.9

• HF EN of H=2.1 EN of F=4.0 ∆EN=1.9
• The separation of charges makes the
bond polar. It creates an electric
dipole. Dipole refers to “two poles”
meaning there is a positive and a
negative pole within a molecule.
Elements with higher EN value
become the partial negative pole
while elements with the lower EN
value become the partial positive
pole. This makes the molecule a
polar molecule.
 DIPOLE
•Refers to “ two poles”
meaning there is a positive
and a negative pole within a
molecule.
 NON-POLAR COVALENT BONDS
• 
How can we
determine if the
compounds is polar
or non-polar?
TWO FACTORS THAT DETERMINE THE
POLARITY OF MOLECULES
• The polarity of the bonds between
atoms which can be studied based on
Electronegativity, and

• The geometrical shape of the

molecule which can be predicted via
the valence shell electron pair
repulsion (VSEPR) theory.
 BOND POLARITY
•The polarity of the bonds
between atoms.
What is valence
electron?
VALENCE ELECTRON
•A single electron or one of
two or more electrons in
the outer shell of an atom
that is responsible for the
chemical properties of the
atom.
What are the
properties of the
elements in the
periodic table?
 ELECTRONEGATIVITY
•Measure of the relative tendency
of an atom to attract electrons to
itself when chemically combined
with another atom. The higher
the value of Electronegativity,
the more it tends to attract
electrons toward itself.
 MOLECULAR GEOMETRY

• VSEPR Theory (Valence Shell

Electron Pair Repulsion Theory)

- spatial arrangement of atoms in a

polyatomic molecule.
Molecules are polar or non-polar based on the
type of covalent bond and its molecular
geometry.

Liquids may or may not miscible with each

other.

In the kitchen, we use liquid detergent in

cleansing our kitchen ware to remove liquids
which are non-polar like oils and the likes,
because liquid detergent is miscible to both
water and oil.