TRANSPORT MECHANISMS IN CELL

Learning Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the learners will be able to:

1. describe the structure of the cell membrane and its role in cell;
2. describe the movement of substances into and out of the cell;
3. explain transport mechanism in cells such as passive and active
transports using a graphic organizer;
4. differentiate endocytosis from exocytosis; and
5. draw and explain all the transport mechanisms in cell membrane by
giving examples.
Answer Me!

What would most likely to happen if you do the following?

a. soak hands in a basin of water with laundry soap

b. soak feet on the beach for 30 minutes

Cell Membrane Parts and Its
Function
Cell Membrane

 is selectively permeable, or
semipermeable, has control
over what molecules or ions
can enter or leave the cell

It regulates the movement of

materials into and out of the
cell and facilitates electrical
signaling between cells.
Cell Membrane Parts and Its
Function

This structure of the membrane with

embedded proteins and a lipid bilayer
was discovered in the early 1970's.
Two scientists, Singer and Nicolson,
first developed the theory of the
"Fluid Mosaic Model."
Cell Membrane Parts
1. Lipid Bilayer
 is composed of phospholipids,
lipid soluble substances and water
soluble substances.

 Phospholipid is composed of
hydrophilic (water soluble) head
and two fatty acid tails that are
hydrophobic (water insoluble)
facing each other forming a
bilayer.
Cell Membrane Parts
2. Proteins
 are water-filled channels or pores.

 classified into integral and

peripheral proteins. Peripheral
protein is only located in the inner
or outer surface of the
phospholipid bilayer like floating
iceberg whereas integral
protein is embedded in the whole
bilayer. Integral proteins have
hydrophobic and hydrophilic areas
where as peripheral do not.
Cell Membrane Parts

2. Proteins
 Integral proteins function to
allow the polar and big molecules
(protein, carb, and fat) to pass
across the membrane which are
restricted by the phospholipid
bilayer.
 TRANSPORT MECHANISMS IN
CELL
 there are materials or substances that can easily pass through the
membrane such as water, carbon dioxide, oxygen, and steroid. However,
larger molecules of compounds or nutrients like protein, carbohydrates,
and fats must be broken down into simpler substances to be easily carried
into the cell.

Energy is considered in the movement of material.

It is classified into passive transport, active transport and bulk/ vesicular
transport.
 TRANSPORT MECHANISMS
IN CELLS

Passive Active Bulk/ Vesicular

Transport Transport Transport

Facilitated
Simple Diffusion Osmosis Endocytosis Exocytosis
Transport

Hypertonic Phagocytosis

Hypotonic Pinocytosis

Isotonic
I. Passive Transport

 is the kind of movement of materials (region of higher concentration

to a region of lower concentration) that does not require any metabolic
energy from the cell but rely solely on the physical properties of the
substances themselves.
A. Simple Diffusion
Doesn’t require energy

Moves high to low concentration

*Example:
Oxygen or water diffusing into a cell
and carbon dioxide diffusing out.
B. Osmosis
 Diffusion of water across a
membrane
• Moves from HIGH water
concentration to LOW water
concentration
• Water is attracted to solutes
(like salt) so it will also travel
to areas of low solute
concentration to high solute
concentration.
Diffusion of Water Across A Membrane

• High water concentration Low water concentration

• Low solute concentration High solute concentration
Concentration of Solutions
• Isotonic
•A solution whose solute
concentration is the same as the
solute concentration inside the cell.
• Hypotonic
•A solution whose solute
concentration is lower than the
solute concentration inside a cell
• Hypertonic
•A solution whose solute
concentration is higher than the
solute concentration inside a cell.
Cells in Solutions
Cells in Solutions

• Isotonic solution hypotonic solution hypertonic solution

No net movement
of water. EQUAL CYTOLYSIS PLASMOLYSIS
amounts leaving and
Entering   bursting or rupturing of cell membrane

when the cell can no longer contain the cells loseS water in a hypertonic solution

excessive inflow of water

C. Facilitated Diffusion

 Does not require energy

 Uses transport proteins to move high
to low concentration
• Examples: Glucose or amino acids
moving from blood into a cell.
Facilitated
Diffusion
Molecules will randomly move through the pores in Channel Proteins.
II. ACTIVE TRANSPORT
 substances move from an area of lower
or lesser concentration to an area of
greater concentration through the
membrane and requires cellular energy
to counteract the random motion of the
materials that tends to make them
diffuse in opposite direction.

 it is the transport of materials against

concentration gradient requires energy.
Active Transport

• Examples: Pumping Na+ (sodium

ions) out and K+ (potassium ions)
in—against concentration
gradients.
• Called the Sodium-Potassium Pump.
Sodium-Potassium Pump

• 3 Na+ pumped in for every 2 K+ pumped out; creates a

membrane potential.
III. BULK/ VESICULAR
TRANSPORT
 it also requires an expenditure of energy just like the active transport.

 A bulk transport therefore is the movement of larger molecules and

fluids into the cell, does not pass through membrane but instead the
molecules are engulfed and enclosed within a vesicle.

 Cytosis is the process by which cells absorb or excrete substance

(endocytosis and exocytosis).
A. Endocytosis
 the material is taken in or bring the particles into a cell using an
extension or portion of the plasma membrane.

 the material is engulfed and enclosed by the extension of the

membrane.

 classified into phagocytosis and pinocytosis.

1. Phagocytosis
 It is used to engulf large particles such as food, bacteria, etc. into vesicles.
 It is called “Cell Eating”.
Phagocytosis About to Occur
2. Pinocytosis
 fluid is brought into the cell and also sometimes require transport
proteins when macromolecules are taken inside the cell.
 Also known as “cell drinking”.
B. Exocytosis
 the waste materials (such as
indigestible materials) are
transported out of the cell by the
infolding parts of the membrane.
Molecules are moved out of
the cell by vesicles that fuse
the with the plasma
membrane.
This is how many hormones
are secreted and how nerve
cells communicate with each
other.