MOVEMENT

THROUGH THE CELL

Rica Abigail T. Dagos, LPT
Occidental Mindoro State College
San Jose Campus
CELL MEMBRANE
 CELL MEMBRANE
 act as barriers to most
molecules
 semi-permeable
 Separates the inner cell
environment to the
outer cell environment
 WATER POTENTIAL
 Tendency of water to move from an area of higher
concentration to lower concentration
 Driven by the differences in potential energy
 Enabling forces: gravity and pressure
 TYPES OF TRANSPORT MECHANISMS

1. PASSIVE TRANSPORT 2. ACTIVE TRANSPORT

 Do not require ATP  Requires ATP
 Movement of molecules or ions  Movement of molecules or ion
from an area of higher to lower from an area of lower to higher
concentration concentration
 Examples: simple diffusion,  Requires enzymes
facilitated diffusion and osmosis
 Examples: endocytosis and
exocytosis
EXAMPLES OF PASSIVE TRANSPORT

DIFFUSION – natural tendency of molecules to move

constantly
- from the energy found in the molecules
 NET DIFFUSION – when the materials on one side of the
membrane have different concentration than the
materials on the other side of the membrane
 OSMOSIS –diffusion of water molecules
 TYPES OF SOLUTION
ISOTONIC HYPERTONIC HYPOTONIC
– when the – when the – when the
solute concentration solute concentration solute concentration
inside the cell is inside the cell is inside the cell is
equal to the solute LESS THAN the GREATER THAN the
concentration solute concentration solute concentration
outside the cell outside the cell outside the cell
 TYPES OF SOLUTION
ISOTONIC HYPERTONIC HYPOTONIC
– no net –causes cell – causes cell
diffusion shrinkage bursting
(plasmolysis) - ideal for plant
cells
EXAMPLES OF PASSIVE TRANSPORT

FACILITATED DIFFUSION -
the passive movement of
molecules along
their concentration gradient,
guided by the presence of
another molecule – usually
an integral membrane
protein forming a pore or
channel
EXAMPLES OF PASSIVE TRANSPORT

FACILITATED DIFFUSION -
the passive movement of
molecules along
their concentration gradient,
guided by the presence of
another molecule – usually
an integral membrane
protein forming a pore or
channel
FACILITATED DIFFUSION

 AQUAPORINS – allows the

water to cross the membrane
more quickly
 CARRIER PROTEINS – change
their shape to move a target
molecule in and out of the cell
ACTIVE TRANSPORT

 MOLECULAR
TRANSPORT
- Ca, Na, K ions
- used to move small
molecules across a
membrane
TYPES OF ACTIVE TRANSPORT

1. Endocytosis – cell takes in large particles by engulfment

a. Phagocytosis
- Solid particles
- “cell eating”
TYPES OF ACTIVE TRANSPORT

1. Endocytosis – cell takes in large particles by engulfment

b. Pinocytosis
- water or liquid particles
- “cell drinking
TYPES OF ACTIVE TRANSPORT

2. Exocytosis – secretion of
waste products
- via the vesicles
created by the golgi body
TYPES OF ACTIVE TRANSPORT

3. Receptor – mediated
endocytosis
- for metabolities,
hormones, lipids