Topic 6 – Cell Cycle and

Mitosis
Day 1
Bell Ringer (10 minutes)
1. Grab a Biology EOC Exam
Preparation Bell Ringer
2. Provide a GIST of the
Question.
3. Bubble your answer.
4. Explain why you believe is
the correct answer.
5. BE PREPARED TO
PARTICIPATE IN CLASS
DISCUSSION.
6. After correcting, reflect on
our answer.
Cell Cycle and Cancer
Think About It
1. When a living thing grows, what
happens to its cells?
2. Does cell division stop when you
are finished growing?
3. What role does cell division play
in your life?
4. What is a major difference of prokaryotes and
eukaryotes?
5. What is the function of a nucleus in the cell?
What are we learning today?
Benchmark:
 SC.912.L.16.6 – Describe the
cell cycle, including the
process of mitosis. Explain
the role of mitosis in the
formation of new cells and its
importance in maintaining
chromosome number during
asexual reproduction.
 SC.912.L.14.2 – Explain the
relationship between
mutation, cell cycle, and
uncontrolled cell growth
potentially resulting in cancer.
Objectives:
 I will describe the role of
chromosomes in cell
division.
 I will name and describe
the main events of the
cell cycle
 I will explain how the cell
cycle is regulated
 I will describe how
cancer cells are different
from other cells
What is the essential question?
Why must a cell
make a copy of
the genetic
information
contained within its
chromosomes before it
divides?
What could happen if the
cell is unable to check this
copy?
What is the role of chromosomes?
 Chromosomes carry
the genetic
information that is
passed on from one
generation of cells to
the next.
 Every cell must copy
its genetic
information before
cell division begins.
 Chromosomes make
it possible to separate DNA precisely during cell division.
Where are chromosomes located?
 Most prokaryotes contain a
single, circular DNA
molecule, or chromosome
found in the cytoplasm.
 In eukaryotic cells,
chromosomes are located
in the nucleus, and are made up of chromatin.
What is the cell cycle?
 During the cell cycle, a cell grows,
prepares for division, and divides
to form two daughter cells.
 Most prokaryotic cells begin to
replicate, or copy, their DNA once
they have grown to a certain size.
 When DNA replication is complete,
the cells divide through a process
known as binary fission.
 Binary fission is a form of
asexual reproduction during which two genetically
identical cells are produced.
What is the eukaryotic cell cycle?
 The eukaryotic cell cycle consists of four phases:
 Gap 1 or G1
 Synthesis or S
 Gap 2 or G2
 Mitosis or M
 The period of growth that
consists of the G1, S, and G2 is
called interphase
 Period between cell divisions.
 Much longer in time than mitosis.
What are the main events of the G1
phase?
 Cell increases in size.
 Cell synthesizes new proteins
and organelles.
What are the main events of the S
phase?
 New DNA is synthesized when
the chromosomes are
replicated.
 At the end of this phase the
cell contains twice as much
DNA as it did at the
beginning.
What are the main events of the G2 phase?

 Shortest of the three phases of

interphase.
 Many of the
organelles and molecules
required for cell division
are produced.
 At the end of this phase the
cell is ready to divide.
What are the main events of the M phase?

 In eukaryotes, cell division

occurs in two stages: mitosis
and cytokinesis.
 Mitosis is the division of
the cell nucleus.
 Cytokinesis is the division
of the cytoplasm.
How do cells regulate the cell cycle?
 Cancer is a disorder in which
some of the body’s cells
lose the ability to control
growth.
 Checkpoints are biological
stoplights telling the cell if it can
safely go or when to stop and fix
a problem.
 G1 checkpoint makes sure the cell
is large enough to enter the S phase.
 G2 checkpoint makes sure the DNA is
completely replicated, that replication errors have been
repaired, and the cell is large enough to replicate.
 M checkpoint make sure the chromosomes are aligned on the
spindle ready for nuclear division.
Collaborative Activity: Le Tour de Cell Cycle
CELL CYCLE CAR RACE
1. Divide class into five groups.
2. Only one person is allowed to
respond for each group.
3. All members of the group
must participate at least
once.
4. The first team to the finish
line wins.
Cell Cycle Overview
Collaborative Activity: Prefixes and Suffixes
INDEX CARD MEMORY GAME
1. Working with your partner, use the index cards
provided to memorize the meanings of the
prefixes and suffixes.
2. Play “Memory” with a partner. Show your
partner one side of the index cards, and ask
them to tell you what’s on the other side.
SMARTBOARD® MEMORY GAME
3. Turn over two cards. If the two cards consist of a prefix or suffix
and its definition, your team gets a point, and take another turn.
4. If the two cards do not match, your team loses a turn.
5. Repeat step 3 until no cards remain on the table. The team with
the most pairs wins.
What is the essential question?
Why must a cell
make a copy of
the genetic
information
contained within its
chromosomes before it
divides?
What could happen if the
cell is unable to check this
copy?
+
Home Learning
“The same people who
never did their
homework in high
school are still doing
that to this very day out ADD HOME LEARNING HERE
in the real world.“
by Jules Shear
Topic 6 – Cell Cycle and
Mitosis
Day 2
Bell Ringer (10 minutes)
1. Grab a Biology EOC Exam
Preparation Bell Ringer
2. Provide a GIST of the
Question.
3. Bubble your answer.
4. Explain why you believe is
the correct answer.
5. BE PREPARED TO
PARTICIPATE IN CLASS
DISCUSSION.
6. After correcting, reflect on
our answer.
Cell Division
Mitosis
Think About It
 When a living thing grows,
what happens to its cells?
 Imagine a cell with four
chromosomes.
 What must happen
before the cell divides?
 Now that each chromosome
has just replicated, what
happens
next?
 So, the cell divided.
 What’s wrong with
this picture?
What are we learning today?
Benchmark: Objectives:
 SC.912.L.16.6 – Describe  I will describe what
the cell cycle, including happens during the four
the process of mitosis. phases of mitosis.
Explain the role of mitosis  I will describe the
in the formation of new process of cytokinesis
cells and its importance in
maintaining chromosome
number during asexual
reproduction.
What is the essential question?
Why must a cell
make a copy of
the genetic
information
contained within its
chromosomes before it
divides?
What could happen if the
cell is unable to check this
copy?
What are some important cell structures
involved in mitosis?
1. Chromosome: Package of DNA containing
genetic information
2. Chromatid: Each strand of a duplicated
chromosome
3. Centromere: The area where each pair
of chromatids is joined
4. Centrioles: Tiny structures
located in the cytoplasm of animal
cells that help organize the spindle
5. Spindle: Fanlike microtubule
structure that helps separate the
chromatids
Collaborative Activity: Moving Chromosomes
1. Get a Whiteboard and draw the table below.

2. Working together determine the placement

of the cards to describe the four stages of mitosis.
3. Be prepared to present
What are the main events of
prophase?
 First phase of mitosis.
 Chromatin condense into
chromosomes.
What are the main events of prophase?
 First phase of mitosis.
 Chromatin condense into
chromosomes.
 Centrioles move to
opposite sides of nucleus.
What are the main events of prophase?
 First phase of mitosis.
 Chromatin condense into
chromosomes.
 Centrioles move to
opposite sides of nucleus.
 Spindle forms.
 DNA strands attach at a point
called their centromere.
What are the main events of prophase?
 First phase of mitosis.
 Chromatin condense into
chromosomes.
 Centrioles move to
opposite sides of nucleus.
 Spindle forms.
 DNA strands attach at a point
called their centromere.
 Nucleolus disappears
 Nuclear envelope breaks down.
What are the main events of metaphase?
 Second phase of mitosis.
 Centromeres of the duplicated
chromosomes line up across
the center of the cell.
What are the main events of metaphase?
 Second phase of mitosis.
 Centromeres of the duplicated
chromosomes line up across
the center of the cell.
 Each chromosome is connected
to spindle fiber at its centromere.
What are the main events of anaphase?
 Third phase of mitosis.
 Sister chromatids separate into
individual chromosomes.
What are the main events of anaphase?
 Third phase of mitosis.
 Sister chromatids separate into
individual chromosomes.
 Chromosomes separate
into two groups near the poles
of the spindle.
What are the main events of telophase?
 Fourth and final phase of mitosis.
 Chromosomes spread out into
a tangle of chromatin.
What are the main events of telophase?
 Fourth and final phase of mitosis.
 Chromosomes spread out into
a tangle of chromatin.
 A nuclear envelope re-forms
around each cluster of
chromosomes.
What are the main events of telophase?
 Fourth and final phase of mitosis.
 Chromosomes spread out into
a tangle of chromatin.
 A nuclear envelope re-forms
around each cluster of
chromosomes.
 The spindle breaks apart.
 A nucleolus becomes visible in
each daughter nucleus.
What is cytokinesis?
 Cytokinesis is the
division of the
cytoplasm.
 Cytokinesis
completes the
process of cell
division by splitting
one cell into two.
 The process of
cytokinesis is
different in animal
and plant cells.
What is cytokinesis?
Animal Cells Plant Cells
 The cell membrane is  In plants, the cell
drawn in until the membrane is not flexible
cytoplasm is pinched enough to draw inward
into two equal parts. because of the rigid cell
 Each part contains its wall.
own nucleus and  Instead, a cell plate forms
organelles. between the divided nuclei
that develops into cell
membranes.
 A cell wall then forms in
between the two new
membranes.
What are some important facts about
mitosis?
1. Nucleus of a cell divides
into two nuclei.
2. Takes place in
somatic, or body
cells.
3. Maintains the number
of chromosomes.
4. Results in two diploid,
genetically identical
daughter cells.
5. Does not increase genetic diversity
6. Used by many prokaryotes and protists as a form of
reproduction (binary fission or asexual reproduction).
Independent Activity: Mitosis Concept Map
1. Working with your partner, use the index cards
provided to memorize the meanings of the
prefixes and suffixes.
2. Play “Memory” with a partner. Show your
partner one side of the index cards, and ask
them to tell you what’s on the other side.
3. Turn over two cards. If the two cards consist of a prefix or
suffix and its definition, your team gets a point, and take
another turn.
4. If the two cards do not match, your team loses a turn.
5. Repeat step 3 until no cards remain on the table. The team
with the most pairs wins.
+
Home Learning
“The same people who
never did their
homework in high
school are still doing
that to this very day out ADD HOME LEARNING HERE
in the real world.“
by Jules Shear
Topic 6 – Cell Cycle and
Mitosis
Day 3
Bell Ringer (10 minutes)
1. Grab a Biology EOC Exam
Preparation Bell Ringer
2. Provide a GIST of the
Question.
3. Bubble your answer.
4. Explain why you believe is
the correct answer.
5. BE PREPARED TO
PARTICIPATE IN CLASS
DISCUSSION.
6. After correcting, reflect on
our answer.
Cell Division
Mitosis
What are we learning today?
Benchmark: Objectives:
 SC.912.L.16.6 – Describe the  I will investigate the
cell cycle, including the phases of mitosis and
process of mitosis. Explain cytokinesis in an onion
the role of mitosis in the root cell.
formation of new cells and its
importance in maintaining
chromosome number during
asexual reproduction.
 SC.912.L.14.2 – Explain the
relationship between
mutation, cell cycle, and
uncontrolled cell growth
potentially resulting in cancer.
What is the essential question?
Why must a cell
make a copy of
the genetic
information
contained within its
chromosomes before it
divides?
What could happen if the
cell is unable to check this
copy?
Investigating Mitosis in Onion Root Cells
Benchmark:
SC.912.L.16.14
Purpose:
1. Examine the dividing root-tip cells of an onion.
2. Identify the phase of mitosis that different cells in an
onion root tip are undergoing.
Problem Statement:
How does mitosis form new cells and maintains
the number of chromosomes during cell division?
Safety:
Microscopes slides break easily. Use caution when handling them.
Background:
Mitosis occurs only in areas of growth, so finding a good spot to study it can be
challenging. Two specimens are commonly used by biologists to study mitosis: the
blastula of a whitefish and the root tip of an onion. Remember that when cells
divide, each new cell needs an exact copy of the DNA in the parent cell. Mitosis can
take several hours to complete. Scientists will make slides of cells that should be
undergoing mitosis in order to find a particular cell in any of the stages: prophase,
metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
1. Locate a cell in INTERPHASE. PROPHASE
A. Label the cell wall,
nucleus, nuclear
membrane, and
chromatin.
2. Locate a cell in PROPHASE.
INTERPHASE METAPHASE
A. Label the cell wall,
nucleus, nuclear
membrane, and
chromosomes.
3. Locate a cell in METAPHASE.
A. Label the cell wall,
chromosomes, and
spindle fibers.
4. Locate a cell in ANAPHASE.
A. Label the cell wall,
chromosomes, and
spindle fibers.
5. Locate a cell in TELOPHASE.
A. Label the cell wall,
nucleus, nuclear
membrane, and spindle TELOPHASE ANAPHASE
fibers.
What are the stages of the cell cycle?
What are the stages of mitosis?
+
Home Learning
“The same people who
never did their
homework in high
school are still doing
that to this very day out ADD HOME LEARNING HERE
in the real world.“
by Jules Shear