Activity: “Scramble

Letter”

 UIALPDCET
DUPLICATE

 LLAPNE ETRC
PARENT CELL
DAUGHTER
 LLERDAU HTRC
CELL
 CCLYL ELEC
CELL CYCLE
CELL CYCLE
 OBJECTIVES: At the
end of the lesson you
will be able to:
Identify the different parts of cell
cycle.
Explain the different parts of the
cell cycle.
Appreciate the importance of Cell
cycle for a living organism.
 Activity #2:
“Metamorphosis:

 In a yellow paper,
illustrate the Life
cycle of a butterfly.
 Activity #2:
“Metamorphosis:


The Life Cycle
of a
BUTTERFLY
 Activity #2:
“Metamorphosis:

What changes have you

observed throughout the
different stages have
undergone?
 Activity #3: “Arrange
me like you do”

You will be divided into six groups

Afterwards I'll be giving you couple of
pictures,
as you receive the picture you are
going to arrange that in a correct order.
 Activity #4: “Who Am
I”

You will be given flash Cards

Each flash cards consist a word
After you receive the flash card you
are going to paste it to the pictures you
have posted on the board.
 Activity #4: “How Do I”

You will be picking flash Cards

Each flash cards consist the topic that
you are going to present.
You will present it through:
Dramatization. “The scenario depends
on you”
 Growth and DNA
Synthesis

Rapid Growth and

metabolic activity;
Growth and final
centrioles preparation for
replicate division

Figure 3. The Stages of Cell Cycle

 INTERPHAS
 Is
E
the longest phase in the cell cycle.
 During interphase, the cell prepares for cell
division.
 The cell performs its regular functions,
taking in nutrients and growing.
 Interphase
is divided into three stages:
Growth Phase 1 (G1), Synthesis Phase (S),
and Growth Phase 2 (G2).
 GROWTH
PHASE I
 During this phase, the cell grows rapidly,
while performing a routine metabolic
process.
 Italso makes proteins needed for DNA
replication and copies some of its organelles
in preparation for cell division.
 The cell typically spends most of its life in
this phase.
 SYNTHESIS
 Is a very crucial part of interphase since this is the
time when DNA is synthesized.
 In most cells, there is a narrow time frame for DNA
synthesis.
 This stage begins with the replication of cellular
DNA.
 When the DNA has been replicated, the cell has
twice as many chromosomes as before, it is then
ready to move to the G2 stage.
 GROWTH

PHASE 2
Comes after DNA synthesis. The cell synthesizes
proteins such as histones and continues to increase
in size.
 In this stage, proteins are necessary for cell
division, such as kinase and histones, which are
synthesized including the microtubules that will
comprise the spindle fibers.
 The chromosomes start to condense and becomes
visible and the cell enters prophase, the first phase
in Mitosis.
 MITOSIS
 Is the process during cell division in which the
nucleus of a cell is divided into two nuclei.
 Each nucleus ends up with the same number and
kinds of chromosomes as the original cell. The
mitotic stage takes place for only a short period.
 The four phases are prophase, metaphase,
anaphase, and telophase.
 PROPHASE
 The first and longest phase of mitosis that takes as
much as 50 to 60 percent of the total time required
to complete mitosis. In this phase, chromosomes
become visible.
 The centrioles, two tiny structures located in the
cytoplasm near the nuclear envelope, separate and
take up positions on opposite sides of the nucleus.
 METAPHASE
 During this phase, the spindle fibers are fully
developed, and the chromosomes align at the
equatorial plate.
 The two pairs of centrioles align at opposite poles
of the cell.
 Polar fibers continue to extend from the poles to
the center of the cell.
 Chromosomes align at the equatorial plate at right
angles to the spindle poles.
 ANAPHASE
 This is a stage that is characterized by the separation of
chromosomes.
 They begin to move toward the opposite poles of the cell.
 Spindle fibers which are not connected to the chromatids
lengthen and elongate the cell.
 The centromeres in each distinct chromosome start to
move apart.
 The paired sister chromatids separate from one another,
and each is considered a full chromosome.
 Anaphase ends when the chromosomes stop moving
 TELOPHASE
 Following anaphase is telophase, the fourth phase of
mitosis. In telophase, the chromosomes, which were
distinct and condensed, begin to disperse into a tangle of
dense material.
 A nuclear envelope re-forms around each cluster of
chromosomes.
 The spindle begins to break apart, and a nucleolus
becomes visible in each daughter nucleus.
 Mitosis is complete. However, the process of cell division
is not yet complete.
 CYTOKINESI
 As aS
result of mitosis, two nuclei – each set of
chromosomes - are formed, usually within the cytoplasm
of a single cell.
 All that remains to complete the M Phase of the cycle is
cytokinesis, the division of the cytoplasm itself.
 Cytokinesis usually occurs at the same time as telophase
 CYTOKINESI
 As aS
result of mitosis, two nuclei – each set of
chromosomes - are formed, usually within the cytoplasm
of a single cell.
 All that remains to complete the M Phase of the cycle is
cytokinesis, the division of the cytoplasm itself.
 Cytokinesis usually occurs at the same time as telophase
 CYTOKINESIS
• There is a striking difference between animals
and plants.
• In ANIMAL CELLS, the membrane forms a
cleavage furrow that is pulled inward by a
tiny filament, where gradually, the membrane
forms separate cells around each nucleus,
resulting in two new daughter cells.
• In PLANT CELLS, the membrane cannot
pinch inward due to the cell wall. Instead, a
cell plate forms between the two nuclei. The
cell plate is produced by the Golgi body
which supplies the new plasma membrane. a
new cell wall then forms on both sides of the
cell plate, creating two cells from one.
Figure 7. Cytokinesis of plant and animal and plant cells
Controls on Cell Cycle
Cell Cycle Regulators

Figure 9. Cell Cycle Restrictions points.

 Controls on Cell Cycle
Cell Cycle Regulators
 Cell growth (G1) checkpoint. —the Restriction Point
 The G1 checkpoint ensures that the cell is large enough to
divide and that enough nutrients are available to support
the resulting daughter cells.
 If a cell receives a ‘go-ahead’ signal at the G1 checkpoint,
it will usually continue with the Cell Cycle.
 If the cell does not receive the ‘go-ahead’ signal, it will
exit the Cell Cycle and switch to a non-dividing state
called G0.
 Most cells in the human body are in the G0 phase.
 Controls on Cell Cycle
Cell Cycle Regulators
DNA synthesis(G2) checkpoint
DNA replication is checked at this
point by DNA repair enzymes. If this
checkpoint is passed, proteins help to
trigger mitosis. The cell begins the
molecular processes that are needed
for mitosis.
 Controls on Cell Cycle
Cell Cycle Regulators
 DNA synthesis(G2) checkpoint
 Ensuresthat all the chromosomes are
attached to the mitotic spindle by a
kinetochore.
 Thischeckpoint triggers the exit from
mitosis. It signals the beginning of the G1
phase, the major growth period of the cell
cycle.
Controls on Cell Cycle
Cell Cycle Regulators

WHAT IS THE
GOAL OF
THIS
CHECKPOINT
Controls on Cell Cycle
Cell Cycle Regulators

To prevent mutant

cells to replicate
that can cause
cancer/ tumor.
Controls on Cell Cycle
Cell Cycle Regulators

To detect DNA damage.

Repair and enter cell
cycle
Apoptosis (cell death)
 ACTIVITY #6:
“Anong Nangyari”

You will going discuss “how

cancer cell related to Cell Cycle”
Your input will be delivered thru:
Singing, Declamation, and Rap.
 ACTIVITY #7:
“Connect Me if Im
Wrong”
You will going discuss “how
cancer cell related to Cell Cycle”
Your input will be delivered thru:
Singing, Declamation, and Rap.
 ACTIVITY #7:
“VENN & VENN
DIAGRAM”
Using the Venn diagram provided
below, write down the differences
as well as the similarities of the
three major checkpoints found in
the cell cycle.