Chapter 03 - Cells

Chapter 03
Cells
 
 

Multiple Choice Questions

 

1. Which of the following is/are generally credited with developing the cell theory? 
A. R. J. H. Dutrochet
B. Nehemiah Grew
C. Robert Hooke
D. Rudolph Virchow
E. Schleiden and Schwann

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2. Which of the following functions as an organic catalyst? 

A. stroma
B. granum
C. thylakoid
D. microfilament
E. enzyme

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3. Who first saw boxlike compartments with a simple microscope and named them “cells”? 
A. Anton van Leeuwenhoek
B. Robert Hooke
C. Francis Crick
D. Charles Darwin
E. Gregor Mendel

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4.  _____________ allow people to view objects smaller than 2 micrometers.  

A.  Magnifying glasses
B.  Cameras
C.  Electron microscopes
D.  Telescopes
E.  The Hubble telescope

5.  The feature of a microscope that determines its greatest useful magnification is the
___________________.  
A.  resolution
B.  intensity of the light source
C.  type of light used
D.  use of stains and dyes
E.  None of these

6.  __________________ microscopes allow scientists to see atomic structure of molecules.  

A.   Compound
B.  Scanning electron
C.  Dissecting
D.  Scanning tunneling
E.  Confocal scanning

7. Which of the following would be found in a eukaryotic cell but NOT in a prokaryotic cell? 
A. ribosome
B. cell membrane
C. mitochondrion
D. nucleus
E. both [mitochondrion and nucleus] are correct

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8.  Prokaryotic cells are characteristic of __________________; eukaryotic cells are

characteristic of ______________.  
A.  fungi; plants
B.  bacteria; plants, animals, fungi, and protists
C.  fungi; plants and animals
D.  plants and animals; bacteria
E.  viruses; bacteria

9. In a mature, functioning, healthy cell with a nucleus, which of the following is
extracellular? 
A. endoplasmic reticulum
B. middle lamella
C. nucleolus
D. chromosomes
E. ribosomes

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10. Mitochondria 
A. are the sites of protein synthesis in the cell.
B. are mainly found in vacuoles.
C. are the site of ATP production.
D. are a part of Golgi bodies.
E. have no internal structure.

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11. Which of the following is NOT a component of cell walls? 

A. RNA
B. cellulose
C. lignin
D. protein
E. pectin

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12.  The cell wall functions  _______________________.  

A.  as support
B.  as a barrier between plant and outside environment
C.  as protection for fragile cells
D.  to provide and maintain functional cell shape
E.  all of the above

13. The fluid within cells in which the nucleus and other organelles are suspended is 
A. protoplasm.
B. cytoplasm.
C. cell sap.
D. pectin.
E. stroma.

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14. The outer boundary of living protoplasm in a plant cell is a 

A. vacuolar membrane.
B. primary cell wall.
C. secondary cell wall.
D. middle lamella.
E. plasma membrane.

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15.  Cell membranes are made up of a mosaic of ____________________.  

A.  phospholipids and proteins
B.  cellulose and lignin
C.  pectins and proteins
D.  nucleic acid and wax
E.  carbohydrates and proteins

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16. Which of the following are primary constituents of cell membranes? 

A. nucleotides
B. phospholipids
C. proteins
D. carbohydrates
E. steroids

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17.  Mitochondria __________________________.  
A.  are the sites of protein synthesis in the cell.
B.  are mainly found in vacuoles.
C.  are the site of chemical energy (ATP) production
D.  are a part of Golgi bodies
E.  have no internal structure

18. Which of the following do NOT develop from proplastids? 

A. chloroplasts
B. chromoplasts
C. symplast
D. leucoplasts
E. amyloplasts

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19.  Cell structures that apparently function in controlling the addition of cellulose to the cell
wall, in steering vesicles from Golgi bodies to the cell wall, and in aiding movement within
the cell are  
A.  thylakoids.
B.  ribosomes.
C.  mitochondria.
D.  microtubules.
E.  lysosomes.

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20. The watery fluid found in vacuoles is called 

A. chromatin.
B. stroma.
C. cristae.
D. protoplasm.
E. cell sap.

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21.  Which of the following are common to nearly all plant and animal cells?  
A.  plasmodesmata
B.  cell wall
C.  centrioles
D.  plastids
E.  cell membrane

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22. Which of the following structures found in living cells is not bound by a membrane or
membranes? 
A. Golgi bodies (dictyosomes)
B. plastids
C. ribosomes
D. endoplasmic reticulum
E. nucleus

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23. Enzymes are synthesized on 

A. ribosomes.
B. chloroplasts.
C. Golgi bodies.
D. the nucleus.
E. microbodies.

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24. The stacks of double membrane structures found in chloroplasts are 

A. plasma membranes.
B. vacuolar membranes.
C. Golgi bodies.
D. grana.
E. smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

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25. Which of the following are not found within chloroplasts? 

A. starch grains
B. DNA
C. ribosomes
D. enzymes
E. Golgi bodies

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26. Which of the following may be found in plant cell vacuoles? 

A. water-soluble pigments
B. crystals
C. salts
D. sugars
E. All of these answers are correct.

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27.  The structure known as the ______________ is formed of RNA and associated proteins
inside the nucleus.  
A.  ribosome
B.  nucleolus
C.  mitochondrion
D.  Golgi
E.  nucleus

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28. Which of the pairs is mismatched? 

A. chloroplast; photosynthesis
B. nucleus; chromosomes
C. microtubule; movement
D. mitochondrion; energy production
E. ribosome; digestion

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29. Maintaining the internal turgor pressure of cells is a function of the 

A. Golgi.
B. cytoplasm.
C. lysosome.
D. vacuole.
E. microtubules.

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30. Which organelle is correctly matched with its function? 

A. endoplasmic reticulum; starch storage
B. nucleolus; DNA synthesis
C. Golgi; packaging
D. chloroplast; RNA synthesis
E. vacuole; membrane synthesis

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31. Cyclosis is explained as the 

A. cycling of DNA to RNA.
B. secretion of cyclin.
C. cloning of a gene.
D. movement of cytoplasm and certain organelles within the cell.
E. cyclic nature of the mitotic process.

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32. The middle lamella 

A. appears after droplets of pectin accumulate in the equatorial region on spindle fibers.
B. consists mainly of cellulose.
C. appears during anaphase.
D. is not formed if a spindle is present.
E. is an important living portion of the cell.

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33. In which phase of the cell cycle does replication (duplication) of the DNA take place? 
A. interphase
B. prophase
C. metaphase
D. anaphase
E. telophase

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34. In mitosis the two chromatids of each chromosome separate and move to opposite poles
during 
A. prophase.
B. metaphase.
C. anaphase.
D. telophase.
E. interphase.

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35. In plants such as ferns, conifers, and flowering plants, mitosis takes place mostly in 
A. meristems.
B. wood.
C. the center of stems.
D. the center of roots.
E. leaves.

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36. The constricted areas of chromosomes where the pairs of chromatids are held together are
called 
A. cambiums.
B. centromeres.
C. plasmodesmata.
D. cytokinesis buttons.
E. satellites.

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37. Following chromosome duplication, the 2 chromatids are held together at the 

A. centrosome.
B. centromere.
C. telomere.
D. kinetochore.
E. centriole.

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38. If a plant has a diploid (2N) number of 6 chromosomes, how many chromatids are present
during metaphase of mitosis? 
A. 6
B. 12
C. 18
D. 24
E. cannot be determined

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39. Chromosomes shorten and thicken during this stage of the cell cycle. 
A. metaphase
B. anaphase
C. prophase
D. telophase
E. cytokinesis

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40. A characteristic of metaphase is that 

A. chromatids separate and move apart.
B. chromosomes are arranged randomly.
C. microtubules are synthesized.
D. the nucleolus re–forms.
E. chromosomes are arranged on the equatorial plane.

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41. The cell plate appears during 

A. metaphase.
B. interphase.
C. prophase.
D. telophase.
E. prophase II.

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42.  The _______________________ initiates the formation of the new cell wall separating
two daughter cells.  
A.  cell plate
B.   centriole
C.   phragmoplast
D.  dictyosome
E.  endoplasmic reticulum

43.  Communication between two daughter cells is maintained by the formation of

___________ during cytokinesis.  
A.  the middle lamella
B.  the primary cell wall
C.  the secondary cell wall
D.  plasmodesmata
E.  microtubular links  

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44.  The secondary cell wall forms ______________________________.  

A.   after the cell reaches mature size and shape
B.  in some, but not all plant cells
C.  forms between the cell membrane and the primary cell wall
D.  from cellulose and lignin
E.  all of the above

 
 

True / False Questions

 

45. Leeuwenhoek is credited with applying the term cell to the boxlike compartments he saw
in cork tissue. 
FALSE

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46. Pasteur discovered that alcoholic fermentation involved the activity of yeast. 

TRUE

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47. A plasma membrane consists primarily of carbohydrate molecules. 

FALSE

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48. The region of a chromosome to which a spindle fiber may be attached is called a

chromatid. 
FALSE

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49. Golgi bodies (dictyosomes) appear as branches of chloroplasts in the cell. 

FALSE

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50. Cell vacuoles contain water and dissolved substances. 

TRUE

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51. Pyrenoids and thylakoids have similar functions. 

FALSE

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52. The nuclear envelope is porous. 

TRUE

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53. Protein synthesis takes place in the mitochondria. 

FALSE

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54. Cyclosis is another name for the cell cycle. 

FALSE

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55. Vacuoles function in regulating the movement of RNA out of the nucleus. 

FALSE

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56. Anthocyanins are water-soluble pigments found in vacuoles. 

TRUE

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57. Leucoplasts contain yellow to orange pigments. 

FALSE

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58. Phragmoplasts are produced during prophase of mitosis. 

FALSE

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59. Replication (duplication) of DNA takes place during the S period of interphase. 

TRUE

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60. Strictly speaking, mitosis refers only to division of nuclei—not cells. 

TRUE

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61. Material to be viewed with a transmission electron microscope must be nonliving. 

TRUE

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